Update HISTORY for 9.3.2

Make transaction name conflict check more robust (#12895 )
Summary: The `PessimisticTransaction::SetName()` code checks for an existing txn of the given name before registering the new txn. However, this is not atomic, which could result in a race condition if two txns try to register with the same name. Both might succeed and lead to unpredictable behavior. This PR makes the test and set atomic. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12895 Reviewed By: pdillinger Differential Revision: D60460482 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: e8afeb2356e1b8f4e8df785cb73532739f82579d
2026-11-07 11:32:34 -05:00 · 2024-08-05 10:40:16 -07:00 · 2024-08-05 10:37:59 -07:00 · 2024-08-05 09:25:52 -07:00 · 2024-08-05 09:24:20 -07:00 · 2024-06-04 11:43:02 -07:00
232 changed files with 3001 additions and 9382 deletions
@@ -90,9 +90,6 @@ jobs:
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
@@ -107,47 +104,38 @@ jobs:
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
    - run: "(mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DUSE_FOLLY_LITE=1 -DWITH_GFLAGS=1 .. && make V=1 -j20)"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
-  build-linux-make-with-folly:
+  build-linux-gcc-7-with-folly:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
    runs-on:
      labels: 16-core-ubuntu
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/build-folly"
-    - run: USE_FOLLY=1 LIB_MODE=static V=1 make -j32 check
+    - run: USE_FOLLY=1 LIB_MODE=static CC=gcc-7 CXX=g++-7 V=1 make -j32 check
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
-  build-linux-make-with-folly-lite-no-test:
+  build-linux-gcc-7-with-folly-lite-no-test:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
    runs-on:
      labels: 16-core-ubuntu
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
-    - run: USE_FOLLY_LITE=1 V=1 make -j32 all
+    - run: USE_FOLLY_LITE=1 CC=gcc-7 CXX=g++-7 V=1 make -j32 all
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
  build-linux-cmake-with-folly-coroutines:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
@@ -47,9 +47,6 @@ package/
 unity.a
 tags
 etags
-GPATH
-GRTAGS
-GTAGS
 rocksdb_dump
 rocksdb_undump
 db_test2
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "s390x")
 if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "loongarch64")
  CHECK_C_COMPILER_FLAG("-march=loongarch64" HAS_LOONGARCH64)
  if(HAS_LOONGARCH64)
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -march=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -mcpu=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -mcpu=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
  endif(HAS_LOONGARCH64)
 endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "loongarch64")

@@ -488,8 +488,6 @@ if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Cygwin")
  add_definitions(-fno-builtin-memcmp -DCYGWIN)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Darwin")
  add_definitions(-DOS_MACOSX)
-elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "iOS")
-  add_definitions(-DOS_MACOSX -DIOS_CROSS_COMPILE)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
  add_definitions(-DOS_LINUX)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "SunOS")
@@ -617,7 +615,7 @@ if(USE_FOLLY)
    FMT_INST_PATH)
    exec_program(ls ARGS -d ${FOLLY_INST_PATH}/../gflags* OUTPUT_VARIABLE
    GFLAGS_INST_PATH)
-    set(Boost_DIR ${BOOST_INST_PATH}/lib/cmake/Boost-1.83.0)
+    set(Boost_DIR ${BOOST_INST_PATH}/lib/cmake/Boost-1.78.0)
    if(EXISTS ${FMT_INST_PATH}/lib64)
      set(fmt_DIR ${FMT_INST_PATH}/lib64/cmake/fmt)
    else()
@@ -693,7 +691,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        db/db_impl/db_impl_write.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_compaction_flush.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_files.cc
-        db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_open.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_debug.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_experimental.cc
@@ -751,7 +748,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        env/env_encryption.cc
        env/file_system.cc
        env/file_system_tracer.cc
-        env/fs_on_demand.cc
        env/fs_remap.cc
        env/mock_env.cc
        env/unique_id_gen.cc
@@ -939,7 +935,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        utilities/persistent_cache/volatile_tier_impl.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache.cc
-        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector.cc
        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector.cc
        utilities/trace/file_trace_reader_writer.cc
        utilities/trace/replayer_impl.cc
@@ -1042,8 +1037,10 @@ endif()

 else()
  list(APPEND SOURCES
+    db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.cc
    port/port_posix.cc
    env/env_posix.cc
+    env/fs_on_demand.cc
    env/fs_posix.cc
    env/io_posix.cc)
 endif()
@@ -1052,7 +1049,6 @@ if(USE_FOLLY_LITE)
  list(APPEND SOURCES
    third-party/folly/folly/container/detail/F14Table.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/detail/Futex.cpp
-    third-party/folly/folly/lang/Exception.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/lang/SafeAssert.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/lang/ToAscii.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/ScopeGuard.cpp
@@ -1060,12 +1056,6 @@ if(USE_FOLLY_LITE)
    third-party/folly/folly/synchronization/DistributedMutex.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/synchronization/ParkingLot.cpp)
  include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third-party/folly)
-  exec_program(python3 ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third-party/folly ARGS
-  build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-source-dir boost OUTPUT_VARIABLE
-  BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)
-  exec_program(ls ARGS -d ${BOOST_SOURCE_PATH}/boost* OUTPUT_VARIABLE
-  BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR)
-  include_directories(${BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR})
  add_definitions(-DUSE_FOLLY -DFOLLY_NO_CONFIG)
  list(APPEND THIRDPARTY_LIBS glog)
 endif()
@@ -1489,7 +1479,6 @@ if(WITH_TESTS)
        utilities/persistent_cache/persistent_cache_test.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator_test.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache_test.cc
-        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.cc
        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.cc
        utilities/transactions/optimistic_transaction_test.cc
        utilities/transactions/transaction_test.cc
@@ -1,60 +1,14 @@
 # Rocksdb Change Log
 > NOTE: Entries for next release do not go here. Follow instructions in `unreleased_history/README.txt`

-## 9.5.2 (08/13/2024)
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a race condition in pessimistic transactions that could allow multiple transactions with the same name to be registered simultaneously, resulting in a crash or other unpredictable behavior.
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Add ticker stats to count file read retries due to checksum mismatch
-
-## 9.5.1 (08/02/2024)
+## 9.3.2 (08/02/2024)
 ### Bug Fixes
 * *Make DestroyDB supports slow deletion when it's configured in `SstFileManager`. The slow deletion is subject to the configured `rate_bytes_per_sec`, but not subject to the `max_trash_db_ratio`.
+* Fix a race condition in pessimistic transactions that could allow multiple transactions with the same name to be registered simultaneously, resulting in a crash or other unpredictable behavior.

-## 9.5.0 (07/19/2024)
-### Public API Changes
-* Introduced new C API function rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf for column family-aware iteration over the contents of a WriteBatch
-* Add support to ingest SST files generated by a DB instead of SstFileWriter. This can be enabled with experimental option `IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files`.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* When calculating total log size for the `log_size_for_flush` argument in `CreateCheckpoint` API, the size of the archived log will not be included to avoid unnecessary flush
-
+## 9.3.1 (05/25/2024)
 ### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a major bug in which an iterator using prefix filtering and SeekForPrev might miss data when the DB is using `whole_key_filtering=false` and `partition_filters=true`.
-* Fixed a bug where `OnErrorRecoveryBegin()` is not called before auto recovery starts.
-* Fixed a bug where event listener reads ErrorHandler's `bg_error_` member without holding db mutex(#12803).
-* Fixed a bug in handling MANIFEST write error that caused the latest valid MANIFEST file to get deleted, resulting in the DB being unopenable.
-* Fixed a race between error recovery due to manifest sync or write failure and external SST file ingestion. Both attempt to write a new manifest file, which causes an assertion failure.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-* Fix an issue where compactions were opening table files and reading table properties while holding db mutex_.
-* Reduce unnecessary filesystem queries and DB mutex acquires in creating backups and checkpoints.
-
-## 9.4.0 (06/23/2024)
-### New Features
-* Added a `CompactForTieringCollectorFactory` to auto trigger compaction for tiering use case.
-* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `GetEntityForUpdate` API.
-* Added a new "count" command to the ldb repl shell. By default, it prints a count of keys in the database from start to end. The options --from=<key> and/or --to=<key> can be specified to limit the range.
-* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps` in C API.
-* Add `rocksdb_iter_refresh` in C API.
-* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params` to create WB and WBWI with all options in C API
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Deprecated names `LogFile` and `VectorLogPtr` in favor of new names `WalFile` and `VectorWalPtr`.
-* Introduce a new universal compaction option CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp which allows user to define the limit on the number of sorted runs separately from the trigger for compaction (`level0_file_num_compaction_trigger`) #12477.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* Inactive WALs are immediately closed upon being fully sync-ed rather than in a background thread. This is to ensure LinkFile() is not called on files still open for write, which might not be supported by some FileSystem implementations. This should not be a performance issue, but an opt-out is available with with new DB option `background_close_inactive_wals`.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a rare case in which a hard-linked WAL in a Checkpoint is not fully synced (so might lose data on power loss).
-* Fixed the output of the `ldb dump_wal` command for `PutEntity` records so it prints the key and correctly resets the hexadecimal formatting flag after printing the wide-column entity.
-* Fixed an issue where `PutEntity` records were handled incorrectly while rebuilding transactions during recovery.
-* Various read operations could ignore various ReadOptions that might be relevant. Fixed many such cases, which can result in behavior change but a better reflection of specified options.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-* Improved write throughput to memtable when there's a large number of concurrent writers and allow_concurrent_memtable_write=true(#12545)
+* [internal only] Build script improvement

 ## 9.3.0 (05/17/2024)
 ### New Features
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ dummy := $(shell (export ROCKSDB_ROOT="$(CURDIR)"; \
                  export LIB_MODE="$(LIB_MODE)"; \
 		  export ROCKSDB_CXX_STANDARD="$(ROCKSDB_CXX_STANDARD)"; \
 		  export USE_FOLLY="$(USE_FOLLY)"; \
-		  export USE_FOLLY_LITE="$(USE_FOLLY_LITE)"; \
                  "$(CURDIR)/build_tools/build_detect_platform" "$(CURDIR)/make_config.mk"))
 # this file is generated by the previous line to set build flags and sources
 include make_config.mk
@@ -501,17 +500,6 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(USE_FOLLY_LITE),1)
 	# Path to the Folly source code and include files
 	FOLLY_DIR = ./third-party/folly
-ifneq ($(strip $(BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)),)
-	BOOST_INCLUDE = $(shell (ls -d $(BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)/boost*/))
-	# AIX: pre-defined system headers are surrounded by an extern "C" block
-	ifeq ($(PLATFORM), OS_AIX)
-		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -I$(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-		PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS += -I$(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-	else
-		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -isystem $(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-		PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS += -isystem $(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-	endif
-endif  # BOOST_SOURCE_PATH
 	# AIX: pre-defined system headers are surrounded by an extern "C" block
 	ifeq ($(PLATFORM), OS_AIX)
 		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -I$(FOLLY_DIR)
@@ -648,37 +636,26 @@ TESTS = $(patsubst %.cc, %, $(notdir $(TEST_MAIN_SOURCES)))
 TESTS += $(patsubst %.c, %, $(notdir $(TEST_MAIN_SOURCES_C)))
 TESTS += $(PLUGIN_TESTS)

-# `make check-headers` to verify that each header file includes its own deps
-# and that public headers do not depend on internal headers
+# `make check-headers` to very that each header file includes its own
+# dependencies
 ifneq ($(filter check-headers, $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 # TODO: add/support JNI headers
 	DEV_HEADER_DIRS := $(sort include/ $(dir $(ALL_SOURCES)))
 # Some headers like in port/ are platform-specific
-	DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK := $(shell $(FIND) $(DEV_HEADER_DIRS) -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'port/|plugin/|lua/|range_tree/')
-	PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK := $(shell $(FIND) include/ -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'lua/')
+	DEV_HEADERS := $(shell $(FIND) $(DEV_HEADER_DIRS) -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'port/|plugin/|lua/|range_tree/')
 else
-	DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK :=
-	PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK :=
+	DEV_HEADERS :=
 endif
-HEADER_OK_FILES = $(patsubst %.h, %.h.ok, $(DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK)) \
-	$(patsubst %.h, %.h.pub, $(PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK))
+HEADER_OK_FILES = $(patsubst %.h, %.h.ok, $(DEV_HEADERS))

 AM_V_CCH = $(am__v_CCH_$(V))
 am__v_CCH_ = $(am__v_CCH_$(AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY))
 am__v_CCH_0 = @echo "  CC.h    " $<;
 am__v_CCH_1 =

-# verify headers include their own dependencies, under dev build settings
 %.h.ok: %.h # .h.ok not actually created, so re-checked on each invocation
 # -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 ensures the namespace header is included
-	$(AM_V_CCH) echo '#include "$<"' | $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) \
-	  -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null
-
-# verify public headers do not depend on internal headers, under typical
-# user build settings
-%.h.pub: %.h # .h.pub not actually created, so re-checked on each invocation
-	$(AM_V_CCH) cd include/ && echo '#include "$(patsubst include/%,%,$<)"' | \
-	  $(CXX) -I. -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null
+	$(AM_V_CCH) echo '#include "$<"' | $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null

 check-headers: $(HEADER_OK_FILES)

@@ -1654,9 +1631,6 @@ compaction_job_stats_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/compaction/compaction_job_stats_test.o
 compaction_service_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/compaction/compaction_service_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

-compact_for_tiering_collector_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
-	$(AM_LINK)
-
 compact_on_deletion_collector_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

@@ -2139,8 +2113,8 @@ ZLIB_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= http://zlib.net
 BZIP2_VER ?= 1.0.8
 BZIP2_SHA256 ?= ab5a03176ee106d3f0fa90e381da478ddae405918153cca248e682cd0c4a2269
 BZIP2_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= http://sourceware.org/pub/bzip2
-SNAPPY_VER ?= 1.2.1
-SNAPPY_SHA256 ?= 736aeb64d86566d2236ddffa2865ee5d7a82d26c9016b36218fcc27ea4f09f86
+SNAPPY_VER ?= 1.1.8
+SNAPPY_SHA256 ?= 16b677f07832a612b0836178db7f374e414f94657c138e6993cbfc5dcc58651f
 SNAPPY_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= https://github.com/google/snappy/archive
 LZ4_VER ?= 1.9.4
 LZ4_SHA256 ?= 0b0e3aa07c8c063ddf40b082bdf7e37a1562bda40a0ff5272957f3e987e0e54b
@@ -2237,7 +2211,7 @@ libsnappy.a: snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER).tar.gz
 	-rm -rf snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)
 	tar xvzf snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER).tar.gz
 	mkdir snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build
-	cd snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build && CFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CCFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CFLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CXXFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CXXFLAGS}' LDFLAGS='${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_LDFLAGS} ${EXTRA_LDFLAGS}' cmake -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -DSNAPPY_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=OFF -DSNAPPY_BUILD_TESTS=OFF --compile-no-warning-as-error ${PLATFORM_CMAKE_FLAGS} .. && $(MAKE) ${SNAPPY_MAKE_TARGET}
+	cd snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build && CFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CCFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CFLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CXXFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CXXFLAGS}' LDFLAGS='${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_LDFLAGS} ${EXTRA_LDFLAGS}' cmake -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON ${PLATFORM_CMAKE_FLAGS} .. && $(MAKE) ${SNAPPY_MAKE_TARGET}
 	cp snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build/libsnappy.a .

 lz4-$(LZ4_VER).tar.gz:
@@ -2484,13 +2458,14 @@ checkout_folly:
 	fi
 	@# Pin to a particular version for public CI, so that PR authors don't
 	@# need to worry about folly breaking our integration. Update periodically
-	cd third-party/folly && git reset --hard c48fdd205c1c291651749d532b8055fe822bba25
+	cd third-party/folly && git reset --hard beacd86d63cd71c904632262e6c36f60874d78ba
+	@# A hack to remove boost dependency.
+	@# NOTE: this hack is only needed if building using USE_FOLLY_LITE
+	perl -pi -e 's/^(#include <boost)/\/\/$$1/' third-party/folly/folly/functional/Invoke.h
 	@# NOTE: this hack is required for clang in some cases
 	perl -pi -e 's/int rv = syscall/int rv = (int)syscall/' third-party/folly/folly/detail/Futex.cpp
 	@# NOTE: this hack is required for gcc in some cases
 	perl -pi -e 's/(__has_include.<experimental.memory_resource>.)/__cpp_rtti && $$1/' third-party/folly/folly/memory/MemoryResource.h
-	@# NOTE: boost source will be needed for any build including `USE_FOLLY_LITE` builds as those depend on boost headers
-	cd third-party/folly && $(PYTHON) build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py fetch boost

 CXX_M_FLAGS = $(filter -m%, $(CXXFLAGS))

@@ -2502,6 +2477,8 @@ build_folly:
 		echo "Please run checkout_folly first"; \
 		false; \
 	fi
+	# Restore the original version of Invoke.h with boost dependency
+	cd third-party/folly && ${GIT_COMMAND} checkout folly/functional/Invoke.h
 	cd third-party/folly && \
 		CXXFLAGS=" $(CXX_M_FLAGS) -DHAVE_CXX11_ATOMIC " $(PYTHON) build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py build --no-tests

@@ -317,7 +317,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "utilities/persistent_cache/volatile_tier_impl.cc",
        "utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator.cc",
        "utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache.cc",
-        "utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector.cc",
        "utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector.cc",
        "utilities/trace/file_trace_reader_writer.cc",
        "utilities/trace/replayer_impl.cc",
@@ -395,7 +394,6 @@ rocks_cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_stress_lib", srcs=[
        "db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.cc",
-        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_filters.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_listener.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.cc",
@@ -413,8 +411,6 @@ rocks_cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_stress_lib", srcs=[
    ], headers=None)


-cpp_binary_wrapper(name="ldb", srcs=["tools/ldb.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_tools_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)
-
 cpp_binary_wrapper(name="db_stress", srcs=["db_stress_tool/db_stress.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_stress_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)

 cpp_binary_wrapper(name="cache_bench", srcs=["cache/cache_bench.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_cache_bench_tools_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)
@@ -4628,12 +4624,6 @@ cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_files_test",
            extra_compiler_flags=[])


-cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_for_tiering_collector_test",
-            srcs=["utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.cc"],
-            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
-            extra_compiler_flags=[])
-
-
 cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_on_deletion_collector_test",
            srcs=["utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.cc"],
            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
@@ -193,10 +193,6 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
        + src_mk.get("STRESS_LIB_SOURCES", [])
        + ["test_util/testutil.cc"],
    )
-    # ldb binary
-    TARGETS.add_binary(
-        "ldb", ["tools/ldb.cc"], [":rocksdb_tools_lib"]
-    )
    # db_stress binary
    TARGETS.add_binary(
        "db_stress", ["db_stress_tool/db_stress.cc"], [":rocksdb_stress_lib"]
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ EOF
            PLATFORM_LDFLAGS="$PLATFORM_LDFLAGS -lbenchmark"
        fi
    fi
-    if test $USE_FOLLY || test $USE_FOLLY_LITE; then
+    if test $USE_FOLLY; then
        # Test whether libfolly library is installed
        $CXX $PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS -x c++ - -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null  <<EOF
          #include <folly/synchronization/DistributedMutex.h>
@@ -751,11 +751,6 @@ if [ "$USE_FOLLY" ]; then
    FOLLY_PATH=`cd $FOLLY_DIR && $PYTHON build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-inst-dir folly`
  fi
 fi
-if [ "$USE_FOLLY_LITE" ]; then
-  if [ "$FOLLY_DIR" ]; then
-    BOOST_SOURCE_PATH=`cd $FOLLY_DIR && $PYTHON build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-source-dir boost`
-  fi
-fi

 PLATFORM_CCFLAGS="$PLATFORM_CCFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS"
 PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS="$PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS"
@@ -797,7 +792,6 @@ echo "PROFILING_FLAGS=$PROFILING_FLAGS" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "FIND=$FIND" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "WATCH=$WATCH" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "FOLLY_PATH=$FOLLY_PATH" >> "$OUTPUT"
-echo "BOOST_SOURCE_PATH=$BOOST_SOURCE_PATH" >> "$OUTPUT"

 # This will enable some related identifiers for the preprocessor
 if test -n "$JEMALLOC"; then
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include "cache/lru_cache.h"
 #include "cache/typed_cache.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
-#include "table/block_based/block_cache.h"
 #include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
 #include "util/coding.h"
@@ -1018,63 +1017,6 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, CacheTest,
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, LRUCacheTest,
                        testing::Values(secondary_cache_test_util::kLRU));

-TEST(MiscBlockCacheTest, UncacheAggressivenessAdvisor) {
-  // Aggressiveness to a sequence of Report() calls (as string of 0s and 1s)
-  // exactly until the first ShouldContinue() == false.
-  const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, Slice>> expectedTraces{
-      // Aggressiveness 1 aborts on first unsuccessful erasure.
-      {1, "0"},
-      {1, "11111111111111111111110"},
-      // For sufficient evidence, aggressiveness 2 requires a minimum of two
-      // unsuccessful erasures.
-      {2, "00"},
-      {2, "0110"},
-      {2, "1100"},
-      {2, "011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100"},
-      {2, "0111111111111111111111111111111111110"},
-      // For sufficient evidence, aggressiveness 3 and higher require a minimum
-      // of three unsuccessful erasures.
-      {3, "000"},
-      {3, "01010"},
-      {3, "111000"},
-      {3, "00111111111111111111111111111111111100"},
-      {3, "00111111111111111111110"},
-
-      {4, "000"},
-      {4, "01010"},
-      {4, "111000"},
-      {4, "001111111111111111111100"},
-      {4, "0011111111111110"},
-
-      {6, "000"},
-      {6, "01010"},
-      {6, "111000"},
-      {6, "00111111111111100"},
-      {6, "0011111110"},
-
-      // 69 -> 50% threshold, now up to minimum of 4
-      {69, "0000"},
-      {69, "010000"},
-      {69, "01010000"},
-      {69, "101010100010101000"},
-
-      // 230 -> 10% threshold, appropriately higher minimum
-      {230, "000000000000"},
-      {230, "0000000000010000000000"},
-      {230, "00000000000100000000010000000000"}};
-  for (const auto& [aggressiveness, t] : expectedTraces) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("aggressiveness=" + std::to_string(aggressiveness) + " with " +
-                 t.ToString());
-    UncacheAggressivenessAdvisor uaa(aggressiveness);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < t.size(); ++i) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("i=" + std::to_string(i));
-      ASSERT_TRUE(uaa.ShouldContinue());
-      uaa.Report(t[i] & 1);
-    }
-    ASSERT_FALSE(uaa.ShouldContinue());
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ Status ArenaWrappedDBIter::Refresh(const Snapshot* snapshot) {
            reinit_internal_iter();
            break;
          } else {
-            *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ =
-                std::make_unique<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>(
-                    std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(t),
-                    &cfd->internal_comparator(), nullptr, nullptr);
+            delete *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_;
+            *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = new TruncatedRangeDelIterator(
+                std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(t),
+                &cfd->internal_comparator(), nullptr, nullptr);
          }
        }
        db_impl->ReturnAndCleanupSuperVersion(cfd, sv);
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ class ArenaWrappedDBIter : public Iterator {
    db_iter_->SetIter(iter);
  }

-  void SetMemtableRangetombstoneIter(
-      std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* iter) {
+  void SetMemtableRangetombstoneIter(TruncatedRangeDelIterator** iter) {
    memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = iter;
  }

@@ -111,8 +110,7 @@ class ArenaWrappedDBIter : public Iterator {
  bool allow_refresh_ = true;
  // If this is nullptr, it means the mutable memtable does not contain range
  // tombstone when added under this DBIter.
-  std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ =
-      nullptr;
+  TruncatedRangeDelIterator** memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = nullptr;
 };

 // Generate the arena wrapped iterator class.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Status BuildTable(
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>>
        range_del_iters,
    FileMetaData* meta, std::vector<BlobFileAddition>* blob_file_additions,
-    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots, SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
+    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    bool paranoid_file_checks, InternalStats* internal_stats,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Status BuildTable(

    const std::atomic<bool> kManualCompactionCanceledFalse{false};
    CompactionIterator c_iter(
-        iter, ucmp, &merge, kMaxSequenceNumber, &snapshots, earliest_snapshot,
+        iter, ucmp, &merge, kMaxSequenceNumber, &snapshots,
        earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, job_snapshot, snapshot_checker, env,
        ShouldReportDetailedTime(env, ioptions.stats),
        true /* internal key corruption is not ok */, range_del_agg.get(),
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Status BuildTable(
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>>
        range_del_iters,
    FileMetaData* meta, std::vector<BlobFileAddition>* blob_file_additions,
-    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots, SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
+    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    bool paranoid_file_checks, InternalStats* internal_stats,
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ struct rocksdb_livefiles_t {
 };
 struct rocksdb_column_family_handle_t {
  ColumnFamilyHandle* rep;
-  bool immortal;  /* only true for default cf */
 };
 struct rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t {
  ColumnFamilyMetaData rep;
@@ -532,42 +531,6 @@ struct rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionOptionsUniversal* rep;
 };

-struct rocksdb_callback_logger_t : public Logger {
-  static const ssize_t STACK_BUFSZ = 512;
-  rocksdb_callback_logger_t(InfoLogLevel log_level,
-                            void (*logv_cb)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
-                            void* priv)
-      : Logger(log_level), logv_cb_(logv_cb), priv_(priv) {}
-
-  using Logger::Logv;
-  void Logv(const InfoLogLevel level, const char* fmt, va_list ap0) override {
-    char stack_buf[STACK_BUFSZ];
-    char* alloc_buf = nullptr;
-    char* buf = stack_buf;
-    int len = 0;
-    va_list ap1;
-    if (!logv_cb_) return;
-    va_copy(ap1, ap0);
-    len = vsnprintf(buf, STACK_BUFSZ, fmt, ap0);
-    if (len <= 0)
-      goto cleanup;
-    else if (len >= STACK_BUFSZ) {
-      buf = alloc_buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 1));
-      if (!buf) goto cleanup;
-      len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, fmt, ap1);
-      if (len <= 0) goto cleanup;
-    }
-    logv_cb_(priv_, unsigned(level), buf, size_t(len));
-  cleanup:
-    va_end(ap1);
-    free(alloc_buf);
-  }
-
- private:
-  void (*logv_cb_)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t) = nullptr;
-  void* priv_ = nullptr;
-};
-
 static bool SaveError(char** errptr, const Status& s) {
  assert(errptr != nullptr);
  if (s.ok()) {
@@ -583,7 +546,6 @@ static bool SaveError(char** errptr, const Status& s) {
  return true;
 }

-// Copies str to a new malloc()-ed buffer. The buffer is not NUL terminated.
 static char* CopyString(const std::string& str) {
  char* result = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(char) * str.size()));
  memcpy(result, str.data(), sizeof(char) * str.size());
@@ -944,7 +906,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_and_trim_history(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -975,7 +936,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1011,7 +971,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families_with_ttl(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1045,7 +1004,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_for_read_only_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1077,7 +1035,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_as_secondary_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1115,7 +1072,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family(
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -1139,7 +1095,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** rocksdb_create_column_families(
  for (size_t i = 0; i != handles.size(); ++i) {
    c_handles[i] = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handles[i]->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handles[i]->immortal = false;
  }

  return c_handles;
@@ -1159,7 +1114,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family_with_ttl(
  SaveError(errptr, db_with_ttl->CreateColumnFamilyWithTtl(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep), ttl));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -1181,19 +1135,9 @@ char* rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_name(
  return CopyString(name);
 }

-rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_get_default_column_family_handle(
-    rocksdb_t* db) {
-  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
-  handle->rep = db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily();
-  handle->immortal = true;
-  return handle;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_column_family_handle_destroy(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle) {
-  if (!handle->immortal) {
-    delete handle->rep;
-  }
+  delete handle->rep;
  delete handle;
 }

@@ -1429,18 +1373,6 @@ char* rocksdb_get_cf_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
  return result;
 }

-char* rocksdb_get_db_identity(rocksdb_t* db, size_t* id_len) {
-  std::string identity_tmp;
-  Status s = db->rep->GetDbIdentity(identity_tmp);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    *id_len = 0;
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  *id_len = identity_tmp.size();
-  return CopyString(identity_tmp);
-}
-
 void rocksdb_multi_get(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                       size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                       const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
@@ -1838,26 +1770,6 @@ void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf(
  delete[] ranges;
 }

-extern ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf_with_flags(
-    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
-    int num_ranges, const char* const* range_start_key,
-    const size_t* range_start_key_len, const char* const* range_limit_key,
-    const size_t* range_limit_key_len, uint8_t include_flags, uint64_t* sizes,
-    char** errptr) {
-  Range* ranges = new Range[num_ranges];
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
-    ranges[i].start = Slice(range_start_key[i], range_start_key_len[i]);
-    ranges[i].limit = Slice(range_limit_key[i], range_limit_key_len[i]);
-  }
-  Status s = db->rep->GetApproximateSizes(
-      column_family->rep, ranges, num_ranges, sizes,
-      static_cast<DB::SizeApproximationFlags>(include_flags));
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    SaveError(errptr, s);
-  }
-  delete[] ranges;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_delete_file(rocksdb_t* db, const char* name) {
  db->rep->DeleteFile(name);
 }
@@ -2035,10 +1947,6 @@ void rocksdb_iter_get_error(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->status());
 }

-void rocksdb_iter_refresh(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->Refresh());
-}
-
 rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create() {
  return new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
 }
@@ -2050,15 +1958,6 @@ rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_from(const char* rep,
  return b;
 }

-rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params(
-    size_t reserved_bytes, size_t max_bytes, size_t protection_bytes_per_key,
-    size_t default_cf_ts_sz) {
-  rocksdb_writebatch_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
-  b->rep = WriteBatch(reserved_bytes, max_bytes, protection_bytes_per_key,
-                      default_cf_ts_sz);
-  return b;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { delete b; }

 void rocksdb_writebatch_clear(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { b->rep.Clear(); }
@@ -2286,32 +2185,6 @@ class H : public WriteBatch::Handler {
  }
 };

-class HCF : public WriteBatch::Handler {
- public:
-  void* state_;
-  void (*put_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                  const char* v, size_t vlen);
-  void (*deleted_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen);
-  void (*merge_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                    const char* v, size_t vlen);
-  Status PutCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
-               const Slice& value) override {
-    (*put_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
-               value.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-  Status DeleteCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key) override {
-    (*deleted_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-  Status MergeCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
-                 const Slice& value) override {
-    (*merge_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
-                 value.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-};
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
                                void (*put)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen,
                                            const char* v, size_t vlen),
@@ -2324,21 +2197,6 @@ void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
 }

-void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
-    void (*put_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                   const char* v, size_t vlen),
-    void (*deleted_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen),
-    void (*merge_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                     const char* v, size_t vlen)) {
-  HCF handler;
-  handler.state_ = state;
-  handler.put_cf_ = put_cf;
-  handler.deleted_cf_ = deleted_cf;
-  handler.merge_cf_ = merge_cf;
-  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
-}
-
 const char* rocksdb_writebatch_data(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, size_t* size) {
  *size = b->rep.GetDataSize();
  return b->rep.Data().c_str();
@@ -2365,35 +2223,6 @@ rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create(
  return b;
 }

-rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params(
-    rocksdb_comparator_t* backup_index_comparator, size_t reserved_bytes,
-    unsigned char overwrite_key, size_t max_bytes,
-    size_t protection_bytes_per_key) {
-  rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t;
-  b->rep = new WriteBatchWithIndex(backup_index_comparator, reserved_bytes,
-                                   overwrite_key, max_bytes,
-                                   protection_bytes_per_key);
-  return b;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
-    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep.UpdateTimestamps(
-                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
-                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
-                        }));
-}
-
-void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
-    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep->GetWriteBatch()->UpdateTimestamps(
-                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
-                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
-                        }));
-}
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  if (b->rep) {
    delete b->rep;
@@ -3134,15 +2963,6 @@ rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_stderr_logger(int log_level,
  return logger;
 }

-rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_callback_logger(
-    int log_level, void (*callback)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
-    void* priv) {
-  rocksdb_logger_t* logger = new rocksdb_logger_t;
-  logger->rep = std::make_shared<rocksdb_callback_logger_t>(
-      static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(log_level), callback, priv);
-  return logger;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_logger_destroy(rocksdb_logger_t* logger) { delete logger; }

 void rocksdb_options_set_env(rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_env_t* env) {
@@ -4065,27 +3885,6 @@ void rocksdb_options_set_plain_table_factory(
  opt->rep.table_factory.reset(factory);
 }

-unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char write_dbid_to_manifest) {
-  opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest = write_dbid_to_manifest;
-}
-
-unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_options_set_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest) {
-  opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest =
-      track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_options_set_max_successive_merges(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               size_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_successive_merges = v;
@@ -4465,8 +4264,13 @@ void rocksdb_perfcontext_destroy(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context) {

 /*
 TODO:
+DB::OpenForReadOnly
+DB::KeyMayExist
 DB::GetOptions
 DB::GetSortedWalFiles
+DB::GetLatestSequenceNumber
+DB::GetUpdatesSince
+DB::GetDbIdentity
 DB::RunManualCompaction
 custom cache
 table_properties_collectors
@@ -5943,7 +5747,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_column_family(
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -5986,7 +5789,6 @@ rocksdb_transactiondb_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_transactiondb_t* result = new rocksdb_transactiondb_t;
@@ -6781,7 +6583,6 @@ rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* result =
@@ -199,79 +199,6 @@ static void CheckDel(void* ptr, const char* k, size_t klen) {
  (*state)++;
 }

-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckPutCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                       const char* v, size_t vlen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 0:
-      CheckEqual("bar", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("b", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 1:
-      CheckEqual("box", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("c", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 4:
-      CheckEqual("foo", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("f", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    case 6:
-      CheckEqual("baz", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("a", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckDelCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 2:
-      CheckEqual("bar", k, klen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 5:
-      CheckEqual("foo", k, klen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckMergeCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                         const char* v, size_t vlen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 3:
-      CheckEqual("box", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("cc", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 7:
-      CheckEqual("baz", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("aa", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
 static void CmpDestroy(void* arg) { (void)arg; }

 static int CmpCompare(void* arg, const char* a, size_t alen, const char* b,
@@ -871,11 +798,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_delete(db, woptions, "foo", 3, &err);
    CheckNoError(err);

-    // get the identity before the backup
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
    rocksdb_close(db);

    rocksdb_destroy_db(options, dbname, &err);
@@ -896,14 +818,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");

-    // the db_identity after the backup is different
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) != 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
-
    rocksdb_backup_engine_close(be);
  }

@@ -919,14 +833,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_checkpoint_create(checkpoint, dbcheckpointname, 0, &err);
    CheckNoError(err);

-    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);
-    checkpoint = NULL;
-
-    // get the identity before the checkpoint
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
    // start a new database from the checkpoint
    rocksdb_close(db);
    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 0);
@@ -935,13 +841,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");

-    // the db_identity after the checkpoint is different
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) != 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
+    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);

    rocksdb_close(db);
    rocksdb_destroy_db(options, dbcheckpointname, &err);
@@ -952,73 +852,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 1);
  }

-  StartPhase("checkpoint_db_id_in_manifest");
-  {
-    // create new DB with set_write_dbid_to_manifest=true
-    // db_identity is now the same across checkpoints
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    db = NULL;
-
-    rocksdb_options_t* options_dbid_in_manifest = rocksdb_options_create();
-    rocksdb_options_set_create_if_missing(options_dbid_in_manifest, 1);
-
-    unsigned char write_to_manifest =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(!write_to_manifest);
-    rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest, true);
-    CheckCondition(!write_to_manifest);
-    write_to_manifest =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(write_to_manifest);
-
-    db = rocksdb_open(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbbackupname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_t* checkpoint =
-        rocksdb_checkpoint_object_create(db, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_create(checkpoint, dbcheckpointname, 0, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);
-    checkpoint = NULL;
-
-    // get the identity before the backup
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
-    // open the checkpoint
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    rocksdb_destroy_db(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbbackupname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options_dbid_in_manifest, 0);
-    db = rocksdb_open(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbcheckpointname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    // the db_identity after the checkpoint is the same
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) == 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
-
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    rocksdb_destroy_db(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbcheckpointname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-    rocksdb_options_destroy(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    options_dbid_in_manifest = NULL;
-
-    // re-open the default database
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 0);
-    db = rocksdb_open(options, dbname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 1);
-  }
-
  StartPhase("compactall");
  rocksdb_compact_range(db, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
  CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");
@@ -1761,21 +1594,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "bar", NULL);
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "box", "c");
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "buff", "rocksdb");
-    rocksdb_writebatch_clear(wb);
-    // Test WriteBatch iteration with Column Family
-    int pos = 0;
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf(wb, handles[1], "bar", 3, "b", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf(wb, handles[1], "box", 3, "c", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_delete_cf(wb, handles[1], "bar", 3);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_merge_cf(wb, handles[1], "box", 3, "cc", 2);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put(wb, "foo", 3, "f", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_delete(wb, "foo", 3);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put(wb, "baz", 3, "a", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_merge(wb, "baz", 3, "aa", 2);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf(wb, &pos, CheckPutCF, CheckDelCF,
-                                  CheckMergeCF);
-    CheckCondition(pos == 8);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_clear(wb);
    rocksdb_writebatch_destroy(wb);

    rocksdb_flush_wal(db, 1, &err);
@@ -2322,12 +2140,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    CheckCondition(rocksdb_statistics_level_all ==
                   rocksdb_options_get_statistics_level(o));

-    CheckCondition(0 ==
-                   rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o));
-    rocksdb_options_set_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o, 42);
-    CheckCondition(1 ==
-                   rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o));
-
    /* Blob Options */
    rocksdb_options_set_enable_blob_files(o, 1);
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_enable_blob_files(o));
@@ -538,7 +538,6 @@ ColumnFamilyData::ColumnFamilyData(
      refs_(0),
      initialized_(false),
      dropped_(false),
-      flush_skip_reschedule_(false),
      internal_comparator_(cf_options.comparator),
      initial_cf_options_(SanitizeOptions(db_options, cf_options)),
      ioptions_(db_options, initial_cf_options_),
@@ -1529,20 +1528,6 @@ Status ColumnFamilyData::ValidateOptions(
      }
    }
  }
-
-  if (cf_options.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal) {
-    int max_read_amp = cf_options.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp;
-    if (max_read_amp < -1) {
-      return Status::NotSupported(
-          "CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp should be at least -1.");
-    } else if (0 < max_read_amp &&
-               max_read_amp < cf_options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger) {
-      return Status::NotSupported(
-          "CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp limits the number of sorted"
-          " runs but is smaller than the compaction trigger "
-          "level0_file_num_compaction_trigger.");
-    }
-  }
  return s;
 }

@@ -1622,19 +1607,6 @@ FSDirectory* ColumnFamilyData::GetDataDir(size_t path_id) const {
  return data_dirs_[path_id].get();
 }

-void ColumnFamilyData::SetFlushSkipReschedule() {
-  const Comparator* ucmp = user_comparator();
-  const size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
-  if (ts_sz == 0 || ioptions_.persist_user_defined_timestamps) {
-    return;
-  }
-  flush_skip_reschedule_.store(true);
-}
-
-bool ColumnFamilyData::GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule() {
-  return flush_skip_reschedule_.exchange(false);
-}
-
 bool ColumnFamilyData::ShouldPostponeFlushToRetainUDT(
    uint64_t max_memtable_id) {
  const Comparator* ucmp = user_comparator();
@@ -329,10 +329,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  void SetDropped();
  bool IsDropped() const { return dropped_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }

-  void SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-
-  bool GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule();
-
  // thread-safe
  int NumberLevels() const { return ioptions_.num_levels; }

@@ -572,10 +568,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  // of its files (if missing)
  void RecoverEpochNumbers();

-  int GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck() const {
-    return (mem_->IsEmpty() ? 0 : 1) + imm_.NumNotFlushed();
-  }
-
 private:
  friend class ColumnFamilySet;
  ColumnFamilyData(uint32_t id, const std::string& name,
@@ -600,15 +592,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  std::atomic<bool> initialized_;
  std::atomic<bool> dropped_;  // true if client dropped it

-  // When user-defined timestamps in memtable only feature is enabled, this
-  // flag indicates a successfully requested flush that should
-  // skip being rescheduled and haven't undergone the rescheduling check yet.
-  // This flag is cleared when a check skips rescheduling a FlushRequest.
-  // With this flag, automatic flushes in regular cases can continue to
-  // retain UDTs by getting rescheduled as usual while manual flushes and
-  // error recovery flushes will proceed without getting rescheduled.
-  std::atomic<bool> flush_skip_reschedule_;
-
  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator_;
  InternalTblPropCollFactories internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories_;

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
 #include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
-#include "rocksdb/listener.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/object_registry.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
@@ -35,13 +34,6 @@
 #include "utilities/merge_operators.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-namespace {
-std::string EncodeAsUint64(uint64_t number) {
-  std::string result;
-  PutFixed64(&result, number);
-  return result;
-}
-}  // namespace

 static const int kValueSize = 1000;

@@ -3178,8 +3170,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, IteratorCloseWALFile1) {
  SpecialEnv env(Env::Default());
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(2));
  Open();
@@ -3232,8 +3222,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, IteratorCloseWALFile2) {
  env.SetBackgroundThreads(2, Env::HIGH);
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(2));
  Open();
@@ -3291,8 +3279,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, ForwardIteratorCloseWALFile) {
  env.SetBackgroundThreads(2, Env::HIGH);
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(3));
  column_family_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 2;
@@ -3617,9 +3603,7 @@ TEST(ColumnFamilyTest, ValidateMemtableKVChecksumOption) {
 }

 // Tests the flushing behavior of a column family to retain user-defined
-// timestamp when `persist_user_defined_timestamp` is false. The behavior of
-// auto flush is it makes some effort to retain user-defined timestamps while
-// the behavior of manual flush is that it skips retaining UDTs.
+// timestamp when `persist_user_defined_timestamp` is false.
 class ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyTestBase {
 public:
  ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest() : ColumnFamilyTestBase(kLatestFormatVersion) {}
@@ -3637,27 +3621,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyTestBase {
    return db_->Put(WriteOptions(), handles_[cf], Slice(key), Slice(ts),
                    Slice(value));
  }
-
-  std::string Get(int cf, const std::string& key, const std::string& read_ts) {
-    ReadOptions ropts;
-    Slice timestamp = read_ts;
-    ropts.timestamp = &timestamp;
-    std::string value;
-    Status s = db_->Get(ropts, handles_[cf], Slice(key), &value);
-    if (s.IsNotFound()) {
-      return "NOT_FOUND";
-    } else if (s.ok()) {
-      return value;
-    }
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  void CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(uint64_t expected_cutoff) {
-    std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
-    EXPECT_OK(
-        db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
-    EXPECT_EQ(EncodeAsUint64(expected_cutoff), effective_full_history_ts_low);
-  }
 };

 class TestTsComparator : public Comparator {
@@ -3701,9 +3664,7 @@ TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, SanityCheck) {
  Close();
 }

-class AutoFlushRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest {};
-
-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3713,22 +3674,28 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  // No `full_history_ts_low` explicitly set by user, auto flush is continued
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  // No `full_history_ts_low` explicitly set by user, flush is continued
  // without checking if its UDTs expired.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // After flush, `full_history_ts_low` should be automatically advanced to
  // the effective cutoff timestamp: write_ts + 1
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 2);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3738,22 +3705,27 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(3)));
-  // All keys expired w.r.t the configured `full_history_ts_low`, auto flush
-  // continue without the need for a re-schedule.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 3);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
+  // All keys expired w.r.t the configured `full_history_ts_low`, flush continue
+  // without the need for a re-schedule.
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // `full_history_ts_low` stays unchanged after flush.
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(3);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }
-
-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3763,218 +3735,72 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(1)));
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
  ASSERT_OK(db_->SetOptions(handles_[0], {{"max_write_buffer_number", "1"}}));
-  // Not all keys expired, but auto flush is continued without a re-schedule
-  // because of risk of write stall.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  // Not all keys expired, but flush is continued without a re-schedule because
+  // of risk of write stall.
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // After flush, `full_history_ts_low` should be automatically advanced to
  // the effective cutoff timestamp: write_ts + 1
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+
+  cutoff_ts.clear();
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushRescheduled) {
-  std::atomic<int> local_counter{1};
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushRescheduled) {
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::AfterRetainUDTReschedule:cb", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        // Increasing full_history_ts_low so all keys expired after the initial
        // FlushRequest is rescheduled
-        ASSERT_OK(
-            db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(3)));
+        cutoff_ts.clear();
+        PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 3);
+        ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
        auto reschedule_count = *static_cast<int*>(arg);
        ASSERT_EQ(2, reschedule_count);
-        local_counter.fetch_add(1);
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(1)));
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
  // Not all keys expired, and there is no risk of write stall. Flush is
  // rescheduled. The actual flush happens after `full_history_ts_low` is
  // increased to mark all keys expired.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
-  // Make sure callback is not skipped.
-  ASSERT_EQ(2, local_counter);
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(3);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  // `full_history_ts_low` stays unchanged.
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-class ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest {
- public:
-  // Write an entry with timestamp that is not expired w.r.t cutoff timestamp,
-  // and make sure automatic flush would be rescheduled to retain UDT.
-  void CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(uint64_t write_ts) {
-    std::atomic<int> local_counter{1};
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-        "DBImpl::AfterRetainUDTReschedule:cb", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
-          // Increasing full_history_ts_low so all keys expired after the
-          // initial FlushRequest is rescheduled
-          ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(
-              handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(write_ts + 1)));
-        });
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-        "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
-          ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
-          auto reschedule_count = *static_cast<int*>(arg);
-          ASSERT_EQ(2, reschedule_count);
-          local_counter.fetch_add(1);
-        });
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-    EXPECT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(write_ts),
-                  "foo" + std::to_string(write_ts)));
-    EXPECT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-    EXPECT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
-    // Make sure callback is not skipped.
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, local_counter);
-
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-  }
-};
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ManualFlush) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  // Manual flush proceeds without trying to retain UDT.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ManualCompaction) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  // Manual compaction proceeds without trying to retain UDT.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(
-      db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[0], nullptr, nullptr));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, BulkLoading) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-
-  // Test flush behavior in bulk loading scenarios.
-  Options options(db_options_, column_family_options_);
-  std::string sst_files_dir = dbname_ + "/sst_files/";
-  ASSERT_OK(DestroyDir(env_, sst_files_dir));
-  ASSERT_OK(env_->CreateDir(sst_files_dir));
-  SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options);
-  std::string file1 = sst_files_dir + "file1.sst";
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file1));
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Put("foo", EncodeAsUint64(0), "v2"));
-  ExternalSstFileInfo file1_info;
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file1_info));
-
-  // Bulk loading in UDT mode doesn't support external file key range overlap
-  // with DB key range.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(db_->IngestExternalFile({file1}, IngestExternalFileOptions())
-                  .IsInvalidArgument());
-
-  std::string file2 = sst_files_dir + "file2.sst";
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file2));
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Put("bar", EncodeAsUint64(0), "val"));
-  ExternalSstFileInfo file2_info;
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file2_info));
-  // A successful bulk loading, and it doesn't trigger any flush. As a result
-  // the effective cutoff timestamp is also unchanged.
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IngestExternalFile({file2}, IngestExternalFileOptions()));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1)), "v1");
-  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "bar", EncodeAsUint64(0)), "val");
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(0);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(1);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, AutomaticFlushQueued) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(0);
-
-  // Default `max_write_buffer_number=2` used, writing another memtable can get
-  // automatic flush to proceed because of memory pressure. Not doing that so
-  // we can test automatic flush gets to proceed because of an ongoing manual
-  // flush attempt.
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ConcurrentManualFlushes) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  std::vector<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::Thread> manual_flush_tds;
-  std::atomic<int> next_ts{0};
-  std::mutex mtx;
-  std::condition_variable cv;
-
-  auto manual_flush = [&](int write_ts) {
-    {
-      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
-      cv.wait(lock,
-              [&write_ts, &next_ts] { return write_ts == next_ts.load(); });
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo" + std::to_string(write_ts),
-                    EncodeAsUint64(write_ts),
-                    "val_" + std::to_string(write_ts)));
-      next_ts.fetch_add(1);
-      cv.notify_all();
-    }
-    if (write_ts % 2 == 0) {
-      ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-    } else {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[0], nullptr,
-                                  nullptr));
-    }
-  };
-
-  for (int write_ts = 0; write_ts < 10; write_ts++) {
-    manual_flush_tds.emplace_back(manual_flush, write_ts);
-  }
-
-  for (auto& td : manual_flush_tds) {
-    td.join();
-  }
-
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(10);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(11);
-  Close();
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -63,9 +63,7 @@ uint64_t TotalFileSize(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files) {
  return sum;
 }

-// TODO(hx235): consider making this function part of the construction so we
-// don't forget to call it
-void Compaction::FinalizeInputInfo(Version* _input_version) {
+void Compaction::SetInputVersion(Version* _input_version) {
  input_version_ = _input_version;
  cfd_ = input_version_->cfd();

@@ -866,11 +864,6 @@ bool Compaction::ShouldFormSubcompactions() const {
    return false;
  }

-  if (cfd_->ioptions()->table_factory->Name() ==
-      TableFactory::kPlainTableName()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
  // Round-Robin pri under leveled compaction allows subcompactions by default
  // and the number of subcompactions can be larger than max_subcompactions_
  if (cfd_->ioptions()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
@@ -289,7 +289,14 @@ class Compaction {
  // is the sum of all input file sizes.
  uint64_t OutputFilePreallocationSize() const;

-  void FinalizeInputInfo(Version* input_version);
+  // TODO(hx235): eventually we should consider `InitInputTableProperties()`'s
+  // status and fail the compaction if needed
+  // TODO(hx235): consider making this function part of the construction so we
+  // don't forget to call it
+  void FinalizeInputInfo(Version* input_version) {
+    SetInputVersion(input_version);
+    InitInputTableProperties().PermitUncheckedError();
+  }

  struct InputLevelSummaryBuffer {
    char buffer[128];
@@ -326,16 +333,6 @@ class Compaction {
      int output_level, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
      const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>& inputs);

-  // TODO(hx235): eventually we should consider `InitInputTableProperties()`'s
-  // status and fail the compaction if needed
-  //
-  // May open and read table files for table property.
-  // Should not be called while holding mutex_.
-  const TablePropertiesCollection& GetOrInitInputTableProperties() {
-    InitInputTableProperties().PermitUncheckedError();
-    return input_table_properties_;
-  }
-
  const TablePropertiesCollection& GetInputTableProperties() const {
    return input_table_properties_;
  }
@@ -436,6 +433,7 @@ class Compaction {
                                      const int output_level);

 private:
+  void SetInputVersion(Version* input_version);

  Status InitInputTableProperties();

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
    SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-    SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    const SequenceNumber preserve_time_min_seqno,
    const SequenceNumber preclude_last_level_min_seqno)
    : CompactionIterator(
-          input, cmp, merge_helper, last_sequence, snapshots, earliest_snapshot,
+          input, cmp, merge_helper, last_sequence, snapshots,
          earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, job_snapshot, snapshot_checker, env,
          report_detailed_time, expect_valid_internal_key, range_del_agg,
          blob_file_builder, allow_data_in_errors, enforce_single_del_contracts,
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
 CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
    SequenceNumber /*last_sequence*/, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-    SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -93,7 +91,9 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
      // snapshots_ cannot be nullptr, but we will assert later in the body of
      // the constructor.
      visible_at_tip_(snapshots_ ? snapshots_->empty() : false),
-      earliest_snapshot_(earliest_snapshot),
+      earliest_snapshot_(!snapshots_ || snapshots_->empty()
+                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
+                             : snapshots_->at(0)),
      info_log_(info_log),
      allow_data_in_errors_(allow_data_in_errors),
      enforce_single_del_contracts_(enforce_single_del_contracts),
@@ -203,7 +203,6 @@ class CompactionIterator {
  CompactionIterator(
      InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
      SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
      Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -223,7 +222,6 @@ class CompactionIterator {
  CompactionIterator(
      InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
      SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
      Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -296,7 +296,6 @@ class CompactionIteratorTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
    iter_->SeekToFirst();
    c_iter_.reset(new CompactionIterator(
        iter_.get(), cmp_, merge_helper_.get(), last_sequence, &snapshots_,
-        snapshots_.empty() ? kMaxSequenceNumber : snapshots_.at(0),
        earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
        snapshot_checker_.get(), Env::Default(),
        false /* report_detailed_time */, false, range_del_agg_.get(),
@@ -174,9 +174,6 @@ CompactionJob::CompactionJob(
      db_mutex_(db_mutex),
      db_error_handler_(db_error_handler),
      existing_snapshots_(std::move(existing_snapshots)),
-      earliest_snapshot_(existing_snapshots_.empty()
-                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
-                             : existing_snapshots_.at(0)),
      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_(earliest_write_conflict_snapshot),
      snapshot_checker_(snapshot_checker),
      job_context_(job_context),
@@ -285,7 +282,6 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {

  // collect all seqno->time information from the input files which will be used
  // to encode seqno->time to the output files.
-
  uint64_t preserve_time_duration =
      std::max(c->immutable_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
               c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds);
@@ -323,11 +319,28 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {
      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce();
    } else {
      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce(_current_time);
-      seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-          static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time),
-          c->immutable_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-          c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-          &preserve_time_min_seqno_, &preclude_last_level_min_seqno_);
+      uint64_t preserve_time =
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time) > preserve_time_duration
+              ? _current_time - preserve_time_duration
+              : 0;
+      // GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime tells us the last seqno known to have been
+      // written at or before the given time. + 1 to get the minimum we should
+      // preserve without excluding anything that might have been written on or
+      // after the given time.
+      preserve_time_min_seqno_ =
+          seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(preserve_time) + 1;
+      if (c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0) {
+        uint64_t preclude_last_level_time =
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time) >
+                    c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds
+                ? _current_time -
+                      c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds
+                : 0;
+        preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ =
+            seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(
+                preclude_last_level_time) +
+            1;
+      }
    }
    // For accuracy of the GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime queries above, we only
    // limit the capacity after them.
@@ -468,11 +481,6 @@ void CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries() {
  ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
  read_options.rate_limiter_priority = GetRateLimiterPriority();
  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
-  if (c->immutable_options()->table_factory->Name() ==
-      TableFactory::kPlainTableName()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
  if (c->max_subcompactions() <= 1 &&
      !(c->immutable_options()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
        c->immutable_options()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel)) {
@@ -626,7 +634,6 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
  const size_t num_threads = compact_->sub_compact_states.size();
  assert(num_threads > 0);
  const uint64_t start_micros = db_options_.clock->NowMicros();
-  compact_->compaction->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();

  // Launch a thread for each of subcompactions 1...num_threads-1
  std::vector<port::Thread> thread_pool;
@@ -1288,9 +1295,8 @@ void CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction(SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {

  auto c_iter = std::make_unique<CompactionIterator>(
      input, cfd->user_comparator(), &merge, versions_->LastSequence(),
-      &existing_snapshots_, earliest_snapshot_,
-      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq, snapshot_checker_,
-      env_, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env_, stats_),
+      &existing_snapshots_, earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq,
+      snapshot_checker_, env_, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env_, stats_),
      /*expect_valid_internal_key=*/true, range_del_agg.get(),
      blob_file_builder.get(), db_options_.allow_data_in_errors,
      db_options_.enforce_single_del_contracts, manual_compaction_canceled_,
@@ -1963,10 +1969,7 @@ Status CompactionJob::OpenCompactionOutputFile(SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
      cfd->GetName(), sub_compact->compaction->output_level(),
      bottommost_level_, TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction,
      0 /* oldest_key_time */, current_time, db_id_, db_session_id_,
-      sub_compact->compaction->max_output_file_size(), file_number,
-      preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ == kMaxSequenceNumber
-          ? preclude_last_level_min_seqno_
-          : std::min(earliest_snapshot_, preclude_last_level_min_seqno_));
+      sub_compact->compaction->max_output_file_size(), file_number);

  outputs.NewBuilder(tboptions);

@@ -314,8 +314,6 @@ class CompactionJob {
  // deleted because that version is not visible in any snapshot.
  std::vector<SequenceNumber> existing_snapshots_;

-  SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot_;
-
  // This is the earliest snapshot that could be used for write-conflict
  // checking by a transaction.  For any user-key newer than this snapshot, we
  // should make sure not to remove evidence that a write occurred.
@@ -4330,118 +4330,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionPickerTest, IntraL0WhenL0IsSmall) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(CompactionPickerTest, UniversalMaxReadAmpLargeDB) {
-  ioptions_.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  ioptions_.num_levels = 50;
-  mutable_cf_options_.RefreshDerivedOptions(ioptions_);
-  mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.size_ratio = 10;
-  mutable_cf_options_.write_buffer_size = 256 << 20;
-  // Avoid space amp compaction
-  mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal
-      .max_size_amplification_percent = 200;
-  const int kMaxRuns = 8;
-  for (int max_read_amp : {kMaxRuns, 0, -1}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("max_read_amp = " + std::to_string(max_read_amp));
-    if (max_read_amp == -1) {
-      mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kMaxRuns;
-    } else {
-      mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 4;
-    }
-    mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp =
-        max_read_amp;
-    UniversalCompactionPicker universal_compaction_picker(ioptions_, &icmp_);
-    uint64_t max_run_size = 20ull << 30;
-    // When max_read_amp = 0, we estimate the number of levels needed based on
-    // size_ratio and write_buffer_size. See more in
-    // UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction().
-    // With a 20GB last level, we estimate that 8 levels are needed:
-    // L0 256MB
-    // L1 256MB * 1.1 (size_ratio) = 282MB
-    // L2 (256MB + 282MB) * 1.1 = 592MB
-    // L3 1243MB
-    // L4 2610MB
-    // L5 5481MB
-    // L6 11510MB
-    // L7 24171MB > 20GB
-    for (int i = 0; i <= kMaxRuns; ++i) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("i = " + std::to_string(i));
-      NewVersionStorage(/*num_levels=*/50, kCompactionStyleUniversal);
-      Add(/*level=*/49, /*file_number=*/10, /*smallest=*/"100",
-          /*largest=*/"200", /*file_size=*/max_run_size, /*path_id=*/0,
-          /*smallest_seq=*/0, /*largest_seq=*/0,
-          /*compensated_file_size=*/max_run_size);
-      // Besides the last sorted run, we add additional `i` sorted runs
-      // without triggering space-amp or size-amp compactions.
-      uint64_t file_size = 1 << 20;
-      for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
-        Add(/*level=*/j, /*file_number=*/100 - j, /*smallest=*/"100",
-            /*largest=*/"200", /*file_size=*/file_size, /*path_id=*/0,
-            /*smallest_seq=*/100 - j, /*largest_seq=*/100 - j,
-            /*compensated_file_size=*/file_size);
-        // to avoid space-amp and size-amp compaction
-        file_size *= 2;
-      }
-      UpdateVersionStorageInfo();
-      // level0_file_num_compaction_trigger is still used as trigger to
-      // check potential compactions
-      ASSERT_EQ(
-          universal_compaction_picker.NeedsCompaction(vstorage_.get()),
-          i + 1 >= mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-      std::unique_ptr<Compaction> compaction(
-          universal_compaction_picker.PickCompaction(
-              cf_name_, mutable_cf_options_, mutable_db_options_,
-              vstorage_.get(), &log_buffer_));
-      if (i == kMaxRuns) {
-        // There are in total i + 1 > kMaxRuns sorted runs.
-        // This triggers compaction ignoring size_ratio.
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, compaction);
-        ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kUniversalSortedRunNum,
-                  compaction->compaction_reason());
-        // First two runs are compacted
-        ASSERT_EQ(0, compaction->start_level());
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, compaction->output_level());
-        ASSERT_EQ(1U, compaction->num_input_files(0));
-        ASSERT_EQ(1U, compaction->num_input_files(1));
-      } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, compaction);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionPickerTest, UniversalMaxReadAmpSmallDB) {
-  ioptions_.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  ioptions_.num_levels = 50;
-  mutable_cf_options_.RefreshDerivedOptions(ioptions_);
-  mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 1;
-  mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.size_ratio = 10;
-  mutable_cf_options_.write_buffer_size = 256 << 20;
-  mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal
-      .max_size_amplification_percent = 200;
-  const int kMaxRuns = 1;
-  for (int max_read_amp : {-1, kMaxRuns, 0}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("max_read_amp = " + std::to_string(max_read_amp));
-    mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp =
-        max_read_amp;
-    UniversalCompactionPicker universal_compaction_picker(ioptions_, &icmp_);
-    NewVersionStorage(/*num_levels=*/50, kCompactionStyleUniversal);
-    // max_run_size is much smaller than write_buffer_size,
-    // only 1 level is needed.
-    uint64_t max_run_size = 8 << 10;
-    Add(/*level=*/49, /*file_number=*/10, /*smallest=*/"100",
-        /*largest=*/"200", /*file_size=*/max_run_size, /*path_id=*/0,
-        /*smallest_seq=*/0, /*largest_seq=*/0,
-        /*compensated_file_size=*/max_run_size);
-    UpdateVersionStorageInfo();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(universal_compaction_picker.NeedsCompaction(vstorage_.get()));
-    std::unique_ptr<Compaction> compaction(
-        universal_compaction_picker.PickCompaction(
-            cf_name_, mutable_cf_options_, mutable_db_options_, vstorage_.get(),
-            &log_buffer_));
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, compaction);
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
  const InternalKeyComparator* icmp_;
  double score_;
  std::vector<SortedRun> sorted_runs_;
-  uint64_t max_run_size_;
  const std::string& cf_name_;
  const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options_;
  const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options_;
@@ -236,8 +235,7 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
  LogBuffer* log_buffer_;

  static std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun> CalculateSortedRuns(
-      const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level,
-      uint64_t* max_run_size);
+      const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level);

  // Pick a path ID to place a newly generated file, with its estimated file
  // size.
@@ -442,15 +440,11 @@ void UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun::DumpSizeInfo(

 std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun>
 UniversalCompactionBuilder::CalculateSortedRuns(
-    const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level,
-    uint64_t* max_run_size) {
-  assert(max_run_size);
-  *max_run_size = 0;
+    const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level) {
  std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun> ret;
  for (FileMetaData* f : vstorage.LevelFiles(0)) {
    ret.emplace_back(0, f, f->fd.GetFileSize(), f->compensated_file_size,
                     f->being_compacted);
-    *max_run_size = std::max(*max_run_size, f->fd.GetFileSize());
  }
  for (int level = 1; level <= last_level; level++) {
    uint64_t total_compensated_size = 0U;
@@ -472,7 +466,6 @@ UniversalCompactionBuilder::CalculateSortedRuns(
      ret.emplace_back(level, nullptr, total_size, total_compensated_size,
                       being_compacted);
    }
-    *max_run_size = std::max(*max_run_size, total_size);
  }
  return ret;
 }
@@ -484,16 +477,13 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
  score_ = vstorage_->CompactionScore(kLevel0);
  int max_output_level =
      vstorage_->MaxOutputLevel(ioptions_.allow_ingest_behind);
-  max_run_size_ = 0;
-  sorted_runs_ =
-      CalculateSortedRuns(*vstorage_, max_output_level, &max_run_size_);
-  int file_num_compaction_trigger =
-      mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
+  sorted_runs_ = CalculateSortedRuns(*vstorage_, max_output_level);

  if (sorted_runs_.size() == 0 ||
      (vstorage_->FilesMarkedForPeriodicCompaction().empty() &&
       vstorage_->FilesMarkedForCompaction().empty() &&
-       sorted_runs_.size() < (unsigned int)file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
+       sorted_runs_.size() < (unsigned int)mutable_cf_options_
+                                 .level0_file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
    ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_, "[%s] Universal: nothing to do\n",
                     cf_name_.c_str());
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
@@ -515,9 +505,11 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("PostPickPeriodicCompaction", c);
  }

+  // Check for size amplification.
  if (c == nullptr &&
-      sorted_runs_.size() >= static_cast<size_t>(file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
-    // Check for size amplification.
+      sorted_runs_.size() >=
+          static_cast<size_t>(
+              mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
    if ((c = PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmp()) != nullptr) {
      TEST_SYNC_POINT("PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmpReturnNonnullptr");
      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_, "[%s] Universal: compacting for size amp\n",
@@ -535,48 +527,13 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
                         cf_name_.c_str());
      } else {
        // Size amplification and file size ratios are within configured limits.
-        // If max read amplification exceeds configured limits, then force
-        // compaction to reduce the number sorted runs without looking at file
-        // size ratios.
-
+        // If max read amplification is exceeding configured limits, then force
+        // compaction without looking at filesize ratios and try to reduce
+        // the number of files to fewer than level0_file_num_compaction_trigger.
        // This is guaranteed by NeedsCompaction()
        assert(sorted_runs_.size() >=
-               static_cast<size_t>(file_num_compaction_trigger));
-        int max_num_runs =
-            mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp;
-        if (max_num_runs < 0) {
-          // any value < -1 is not valid
-          assert(max_num_runs == -1);
-          // By default, fall back to `level0_file_num_compaction_trigger`
-          max_num_runs = file_num_compaction_trigger;
-        } else if (max_num_runs == 0) {
-          if (mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.stop_style ==
-              kCompactionStopStyleTotalSize) {
-            // 0 means auto-tuning by RocksDB. We estimate max num run based on
-            // max_run_size, size_ratio and write buffer size:
-            // Assume the size of the lowest level size is equal to
-            // write_buffer_size. Each subsequent level is the max size without
-            // triggering size_ratio compaction. `max_num_runs` is the minimum
-            // number of levels required such that the target size of the
-            // largest level is at least `max_run_size_`.
-            max_num_runs = 1;
-            double cur_level_max_size =
-                static_cast<double>(mutable_cf_options_.write_buffer_size);
-            double total_run_size = 0;
-            while (cur_level_max_size < static_cast<double>(max_run_size_)) {
-              // This loop should not take too many iterations since
-              // cur_level_max_size at least doubles each iteration.
-              total_run_size += cur_level_max_size;
-              cur_level_max_size = (100.0 + ratio) / 100.0 * total_run_size;
-              ++max_num_runs;
-            }
-          } else {
-            // TODO: implement the auto-tune logic for this stop style
-            max_num_runs = file_num_compaction_trigger;
-          }
-        } else {
-          // max_num_runs > 0, it's the limit on the number of sorted run
-        }
+               static_cast<size_t>(
+                   mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger));
        // Get the total number of sorted runs that are not being compacted
        int num_sr_not_compacted = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sorted_runs_.size(); i++) {
@@ -587,25 +544,17 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {

        // The number of sorted runs that are not being compacted is greater
        // than the maximum allowed number of sorted runs
-        if (num_sr_not_compacted > max_num_runs) {
-          unsigned int num_files = num_sr_not_compacted - max_num_runs + 1;
+        if (num_sr_not_compacted >
+            mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger) {
+          unsigned int num_files =
+              num_sr_not_compacted -
+              mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger + 1;
          if ((c = PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(UINT_MAX, num_files)) !=
              nullptr) {
            ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
-                             "[%s] Universal: compacting for file num, to "
-                             "compact file num -- %u, max num runs allowed"
-                             "-- %d, max_run_size -- %" PRIu64 "\n",
-                             cf_name_.c_str(), num_files, max_num_runs,
-                             max_run_size_);
+                             "[%s] Universal: compacting for file num -- %u\n",
+                             cf_name_.c_str(), num_files);
          }
-        } else {
-          ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-              log_buffer_,
-              "[%s] Universal: skipping compaction for file num, num runs not "
-              "being compacted -- %u, max num runs allowed -- %d, max_run_size "
-              "-- %" PRIu64 "\n",
-              cf_name_.c_str(), num_sr_not_compacted, max_num_runs,
-              max_run_size_);
        }
      }
    }
@@ -275,8 +275,6 @@ Status CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run() {
  log_buffer_->FlushBufferToLog();
  LogCompaction();
  const uint64_t start_micros = db_options_.clock->NowMicros();
-  c->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();
-
  // Pick the only sub-compaction we should have
  assert(compact_->sub_compact_states.size() == 1);
  SubcompactionState* sub_compact = compact_->sub_compact_states.data();
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/iostats_context.h"
 #include "rocksdb/listener.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/debug.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/table_properties_collectors.h"
 #include "test_util/mock_time_env.h"
 #include "utilities/merge_operators.h"

@@ -1735,82 +1734,6 @@ TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, PreserveTimedPutOnPenultimateLevel) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, AutoTriggerCompaction) {
-  const int kNumTrigger = 10;
-  const int kNumLevels = 7;
-  const int kNumKeys = 200;
-
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 60;
-  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 0;
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
-  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  ConfigOptions config_options;
-  config_options.ignore_unsupported_options = false;
-  std::shared_ptr<TablePropertiesCollectorFactory> factory;
-  std::string id = CompactForTieringCollectorFactory::kClassName();
-  ASSERT_OK(TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::CreateFromString(
-      config_options, "compaction_trigger_ratio=0.4; id=" + id, &factory));
-  auto collector_factory =
-      factory->CheckedCast<CompactForTieringCollectorFactory>();
-  options.table_properties_collector_factories.push_back(factory);
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  WriteOptions wo;
-  wo.protection_bytes_per_key = GetParam();
-
-  Random rnd(301);
-
-  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun([&] {
-    mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(rnd.Uniform(10) + 1));
-  });
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys / 4; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), wo));
-    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun([&] {
-      mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(rnd.Uniform(2)));
-    });
-  }
-  // Create one file with regular Put.
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // Create one file with TimedPut.
-  // These data are eligible to be put on the last level once written to db
-  // and compaction will fast track them to the last level.
-  for (int i = kNumKeys / 4; i < kNumKeys / 2; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // TimedPut file moved to the last level via auto triggered compaction.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("1,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kUnknown), 0);
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-
-  collector_factory->SetCompactionTriggerRatio(1.1);
-  for (int i = kNumKeys / 2; i < kNumKeys * 3 / 4; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("2,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  collector_factory->SetCompactionTriggerRatio(0);
-  for (int i = kNumKeys * 3 / 4; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("3,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  Close();
-}
-
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest,
                        TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, ::testing::Values(0, 8));

@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ Status VerifySstFileChecksumInternal(const Options& options,
  } else {
    return s;
  }
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    return s;
-  }
  std::unique_ptr<TableReader> table_reader;
  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
      new RandomAccessFileReader(
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/table_properties.h"
 #include "table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h"
 #include "table/unique_id_impl.h"
-#include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 #include "util/compression.h"
 #include "util/defer.h"
 #include "util/hash.h"
@@ -741,6 +740,118 @@ class LookupLiarCache : public CacheWrapper {

 }  // anonymous namespace

+TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, AddRedundantStats) {
+  const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
+  const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
+  int iterations_tested = 0;
+  for (const std::shared_ptr<Cache>& base_cache :
+       {NewLRUCache(capacity, num_shard_bits),
+        // FixedHyperClockCache
+        HyperClockCacheOptions(
+            capacity,
+            BlockBasedTableOptions().block_size /*estimated_value_size*/,
+            num_shard_bits)
+            .MakeSharedCache(),
+        // AutoHyperClockCache
+        HyperClockCacheOptions(capacity, 0 /*estimated_value_size*/,
+                               num_shard_bits)
+            .MakeSharedCache()}) {
+    if (!base_cache) {
+      // Skip clock cache when not supported
+      continue;
+    }
+    ++iterations_tested;
+    Options options = CurrentOptions();
+    options.create_if_missing = true;
+    options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<LookupLiarCache> cache =
+        std::make_shared<LookupLiarCache>(base_cache);
+
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+    table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+    table_options.block_cache = cache;
+    table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+    DestroyAndReopen(options);
+
+    // Create a new table.
+    ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "value"));
+    ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "value"));
+    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
+
+    // Normal access filter+index+data.
+    ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("foo"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Againt access filter+index+data, but force redundant load+insert on index
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(2);
+    ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("bar"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Access just filter (with high probability), and force redundant
+    // load+insert
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get("this key was not added"));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Access just data, forcing redundant load+insert
+    ReadOptions read_options;
+    std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter{db_->NewIterator(read_options)};
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), "bar");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+  }
+  EXPECT_GE(iterations_tested, 1);
+}
+
 TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, ParanoidFileChecks) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
@@ -1236,274 +1347,6 @@ TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, HyperClockCacheReportProblems) {
  EXPECT_EQ(logger->PopCounts(), (std::array<int, 3>{{0, 1, 0}}));
 }

-class DBBlockCacheTypeTest
-    : public DBBlockCacheTest,
-      public secondary_cache_test_util::WithCacheTypeParam {};
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTestInstance, DBBlockCacheTypeTest,
-                        secondary_cache_test_util::GetTestingCacheTypes());
-
-TEST_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTest, AddRedundantStats) {
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-
-  const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
-  const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
-  estimated_value_size_ = table_options.block_size;
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> base_cache =
-      NewCache(capacity, num_shard_bits, /*strict_capacity_limit=*/false);
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
-
-  std::shared_ptr<LookupLiarCache> cache =
-      std::make_shared<LookupLiarCache>(base_cache);
-
-  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
-  table_options.block_cache = cache;
-  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  // Create a new table.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "value"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "value"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-  // Normal access filter+index+data.
-  ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("foo"));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Againt access filter+index+data, but force redundant load+insert on index
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(2);
-  ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("bar"));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(4, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Access just filter (with high probability), and force redundant
-  // load+insert
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
-  ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get("this key was not added"));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(5, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Access just data, forcing redundant load+insert
-  ReadOptions read_options;
-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter{db_->NewIterator(read_options)};
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
-  iter->SeekToFirst();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-  ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), "bar");
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(6, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-}
-
-namespace {
-std::string AltKey(int i) {
-  char buf[100];
-  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "altkey%06d", i);
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-TEST_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTest, Uncache) {
-  for (bool partitioned : {false, true}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("partitioned=" + std::to_string(partitioned));
-    for (uint32_t ua : {0, 1, 2, 10000}) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("ua=" + std::to_string(ua));
-
-      BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-      Options options = CurrentOptions();
-      options.uncache_aggressiveness = ua;
-      options.create_if_missing = true;
-      // Don't allow background operations to keep Versions referenced
-      options.stats_dump_period_sec = 0;
-      options.stats_persist_period_sec = 0;
-      auto stats = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
-      options.statistics = stats;
-
-      const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
-      const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
-      estimated_value_size_ = table_options.block_size;
-      std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-          NewCache(capacity, num_shard_bits, /*strict_capacity_limit=*/false);
-
-      table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
-      table_options.block_cache = cache;
-      table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
-      table_options.partition_filters = partitioned;
-      table_options.index_type =
-          partitioned ? BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kTwoLevelIndexSearch
-                      : BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kBinarySearch;
-      options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-      DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-      size_t kBaselineCount = 1;  // Because of entry stats collector
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(kBaselineCount, cache->GetOccupancyCount());
-      ASSERT_EQ(0U, cache->GetUsage());
-
-      constexpr uint8_t kNumDataBlocks = 10;
-      constexpr uint8_t kNumFiles = 3;
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        // Force some overlap with ordering
-        ASSERT_OK(Put(Key((i * 7) % kNumDataBlocks),
-                      Random::GetTLSInstance()->RandomBinaryString(
-                          static_cast<int>(table_options.block_size))));
-        if (i >= kNumDataBlocks - kNumFiles) {
-          ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-        }
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      size_t meta_blocks_per_file = /*index & filter*/ 2U * (1U + partitioned);
-      ASSERT_EQ(
-          cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-          kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks + meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-      ASSERT_GE(cache->GetUsage(), kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-
-      // Combine into one file, making the originals obsolete
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange({}, nullptr, nullptr));
-      ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForBackgroundWork());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(1));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      if (ua == 0) {
-        // Expect to see cache entries for new file and obsolete files
-        EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                  kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks * 2U +
-                      meta_blocks_per_file * (kNumFiles + 1));
-        EXPECT_GE(cache->GetUsage(),
-                  kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size * 2U);
-      } else {
-        // Expect only to see cache entries for new file
-        EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                  kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks + meta_blocks_per_file);
-        EXPECT_GE(cache->GetUsage(), kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-        EXPECT_LT(cache->GetUsage(),
-                  kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size * 2U);
-      }
-
-      size_t alt_baseline_count = cache->GetOccupancyCount();
-      size_t alt_baseline_usage = cache->GetUsage();
-      ASSERT_OK(stats->Reset());
-      // We aren't generally cleaning up cache entries on DB::Close, especially
-      // because someone might just re-open the same DB.
-      Reopen(options);
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(), alt_baseline_count);
-      EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetUsage(), alt_baseline_usage);
-
-      // Check for unnecessary unncessary cache churn
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_ADD), 0U);
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS), 0U);
-      ASSERT_GT(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_HIT), 0U);
-
-      // And now do a similar test as above except with trivial moves, making
-      // sure that we aren't falsely uncaching in that case, which would cause
-      // unnecessary cache misses. Using AltKey instead of Key to avoid
-      // interference.
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        // No overlap
-        ASSERT_OK(
-            Put(AltKey(i), Random::GetTLSInstance()->RandomBinaryString(
-                               static_cast<int>(table_options.block_size))));
-        if (i >= kNumDataBlocks - kNumFiles) {
-          ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-        }
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(AltKey(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                alt_baseline_count + kNumDataBlocks +
-                    meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-      ASSERT_GE(cache->GetUsage(),
-                alt_baseline_usage + kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-
-      ASSERT_OK(stats->Reset());
-
-      // Make trivial move
-      {
-        auto a = AltKey(0);
-        auto b = AltKey(kNumDataBlocks);
-        Slice slice_a{a};
-        Slice slice_b{b};
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange({}, &slice_a, &slice_b));
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(/*old*/ 1 + /*new*/ int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(1));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(AltKey(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      // Should be the same if trivial move
-      ASSERT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                alt_baseline_count + kNumDataBlocks +
-                    meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-
-      // Check for unnecessary unncessary cache churn
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_ADD), 0U);
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS), 0U);
-      ASSERT_GT(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_HIT), 0U);
-    }
-  }
-}

 class DBBlockCacheKeyTest
    : public DBTestBase,
@@ -322,67 +322,6 @@ TEST_F(DBBloomFilterTest, GetFilterByPrefixBloom) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(DBBloomFilterTest, FilterNumEntriesCoalesce) {
-  for (bool partition_filters : {true, false}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("partition_filters=" + std::to_string(partition_filters));
-    for (bool prefix : {true, false}) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("prefix=" + std::to_string(prefix));
-      for (bool whole : {true, false}) {
-        SCOPED_TRACE("whole=" + std::to_string(whole));
-        Options options = last_options_;
-        options.prefix_extractor.reset();
-        if (prefix) {
-          options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(3));
-        }
-        BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
-        bbto.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
-        bbto.whole_key_filtering = whole;
-        if (partition_filters) {
-          bbto.partition_filters = true;
-          bbto.index_type =
-              BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kTwoLevelIndexSearch;
-        }
-        options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
-        DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-        // Need a snapshot to allow keeping multiple entries for the same key
-        std::vector<const Snapshot*> snapshots;
-        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
-          std::string val = "val" + std::to_string(i);
-          ASSERT_OK(Put("foo1", val));
-          ASSERT_OK(Put("foo2", val));
-          ASSERT_OK(Put("bar1", val));
-          ASSERT_OK(Put("bar2", val));
-          ASSERT_OK(Put("bar3", val));
-          snapshots.push_back(db_->GetSnapshot());
-        }
-        ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-        TablePropertiesCollection tpc;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetPropertiesOfAllTables(&tpc));
-        // sanity checks
-        ASSERT_EQ(tpc.size(), 1U);
-        auto& tp = *tpc.begin()->second;
-        EXPECT_EQ(tp.num_entries, 3U * 5U);
-
-        // test checks
-        unsigned ex_filter_entries = 0;
-        if (whole) {
-          ex_filter_entries += 5;  // unique keys
-        }
-        if (prefix) {
-          ex_filter_entries += 2;  // unique prefixes
-        }
-        EXPECT_EQ(tp.num_filter_entries, ex_filter_entries);
-
-        for (auto* sn : snapshots) {
-          db_->ReleaseSnapshot(sn);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 TEST_F(DBBloomFilterTest, WholeKeyFilterProp) {
  for (bool partition_filters : {true, false}) {
    Options options = last_options_;
@@ -3204,55 +3143,52 @@ TEST_F(DBBloomFilterTest, DynamicBloomFilterOptions) {
 }

 TEST_F(DBBloomFilterTest, SeekForPrevWithPartitionedFilters) {
-  for (bool wkf : {true, false}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("whole_key_filtering=" + std::to_string(wkf));
-    Options options = CurrentOptions();
-    constexpr size_t kNumKeys = 10000;
-    static_assert(kNumKeys <= 10000, "kNumKeys have to be <= 10000");
-    options.memtable_factory.reset(
-        test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(kNumKeys + 10));
-    options.create_if_missing = true;
-    constexpr size_t kPrefixLength = 4;
-    options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(kPrefixLength));
-    options.compression = kNoCompression;
-    BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
-    bbto.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
-    bbto.index_shortening =
-        BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexShorteningMode::kNoShortening;
-    bbto.block_size = 128;
-    bbto.metadata_block_size = 128;
-    bbto.partition_filters = true;
-    bbto.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kTwoLevelIndexSearch;
-    bbto.whole_key_filtering = wkf;
-    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
-    DestroyAndReopen(options);
+  Options options = CurrentOptions();
+  constexpr size_t kNumKeys = 10000;
+  static_assert(kNumKeys <= 10000, "kNumKeys have to be <= 10000");
+  options.memtable_factory.reset(
+      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(kNumKeys + 10));
+  options.create_if_missing = true;
+  constexpr size_t kPrefixLength = 4;
+  options.prefix_extractor.reset(NewFixedPrefixTransform(kPrefixLength));
+  options.compression = kNoCompression;
+  BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
+  bbto.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
+  bbto.index_shortening =
+      BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexShorteningMode::kNoShortening;
+  bbto.block_size = 128;
+  bbto.metadata_block_size = 128;
+  bbto.partition_filters = true;
+  bbto.index_type = BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kTwoLevelIndexSearch;
+  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);

-    const std::string value(64, '\0');
+  const std::string value(64, '\0');

-    WriteOptions write_opts;
-    write_opts.disableWAL = true;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
-      std::ostringstream oss;
-      oss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << std::fixed << i;
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(write_opts, oss.str(), value));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-    ReadOptions read_opts;
-    // Use legacy, implicit prefix seek
-    read_opts.total_order_seek = false;
-    read_opts.auto_prefix_mode = false;
-    std::unique_ptr<Iterator> it(db_->NewIterator(read_opts));
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
-      // Seek with a key after each one added but with same prefix. One will
-      // surely cross a partition boundary.
-      std::ostringstream oss;
-      oss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << std::fixed << i << "a";
-      it->SeekForPrev(oss.str());
-      ASSERT_OK(it->status());
-      ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
-    }
+  WriteOptions write_opts;
+  write_opts.disableWAL = true;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << std::fixed << i;
+    ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(write_opts, oss.str(), value));
  }
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+
+  ReadOptions read_opts;
+  // Use legacy, implicit prefix seek
+  read_opts.total_order_seek = false;
+  read_opts.auto_prefix_mode = false;
+  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> it(db_->NewIterator(read_opts));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumKeys; ++i) {
+    // Seek with a key after each one added but with same prefix. One will
+    // surely cross a partition boundary.
+    std::ostringstream oss;
+    oss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << std::fixed << i << "a";
+    it->SeekForPrev(oss.str());
+    ASSERT_OK(it->status());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
+  }
+  it.reset();
 }

 namespace {
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
 #include "rocksdb/metadata.h"
-#include "rocksdb/transaction_log.h"
 #include "rocksdb/types.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "util/file_checksum_helper.h"
@@ -92,12 +91,7 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFiles(std::vector<std::string>& ret,
  return Status::OK();
 }

-Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files) {
-  return GetSortedWalFilesImpl(files,
-                               /*need_seqnos*/ true);
-}
-
-Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
+Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files) {
  // Record tracked WALs as a (minimum) cross-check for directory scan
  std::vector<uint64_t> required_by_manifest;

@@ -123,10 +117,7 @@ Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
    }
  }

-  // NOTE: need to include archived WALs because needed WALs might have been
-  // archived since getting required_by_manifest set
-  Status s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(files, need_seqnos,
-                                            /*include_archived*/ true);
+  Status s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(files);

  // DisableFileDeletions / EnableFileDeletions not supported in read-only DB
  if (deletions_disabled.ok()) {
@@ -161,11 +152,11 @@ Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
  }

  if (s.ok()) {
-    size_t wal_count = files.size();
+    size_t wal_size = files.size();
    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "Number of WAL files %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt " (%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt
+                   "Number of log files %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt " (%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt
                   " required by manifest)",
-                   wal_count, required_by_manifest.size());
+                   wal_size, required_by_manifest.size());
 #ifndef NDEBUG
    std::ostringstream wal_names;
    for (const auto& wal : files) {
@@ -186,7 +177,7 @@ Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
  return s;
 }

-Status DBImpl::GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* current_log_file) {
+Status DBImpl::GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* current_log_file) {
  uint64_t current_logfile_number;
  {
    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
@@ -207,20 +198,14 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  // NOTE: This implementation was largely migrated from Checkpoint.

  Status s;
-  VectorWalPtr live_wal_files;
+  VectorLogPtr live_wal_files;
  bool flush_memtable = true;
  if (!immutable_db_options_.allow_2pc) {
    if (opts.wal_size_for_flush == std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) {
      flush_memtable = false;
    } else if (opts.wal_size_for_flush > 0) {
-      // FIXME: avoid querying the filesystem for current WAL state
-      // If the outstanding WAL files are small, we skip the flush.
-      // Don't take archived log size into account when calculating wal
-      // size for flush, and don't need to verify consistency with manifest
-      // here & now.
-      s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files,
-                                         /* need_seqnos */ false,
-                                         /*include_archived*/ false);
+      // If the outstanding log files are small, we skip the flush.
+      s = GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files);

      if (!s.ok()) {
        return s;
@@ -231,7 +216,6 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
      // We may be able to cover 2PC case too.
      uint64_t total_wal_size = 0;
      for (auto& wal : live_wal_files) {
-        assert(wal->Type() == kAliveLogFile);
        total_wal_size += wal->SizeFileBytes();
      }
      if (total_wal_size < opts.wal_size_for_flush) {
@@ -332,8 +316,6 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  const uint64_t options_number = versions_->options_file_number();
  const uint64_t options_size = versions_->options_file_size_;
  const uint64_t min_log_num = MinLogNumberToKeep();
-  // Ensure consistency with manifest for track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest
-  const uint64_t max_log_num = logfile_number_;

  mutex_.Unlock();

@@ -397,13 +379,10 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCheckpoint:SavedLiveFiles2");

  if (s.ok()) {
-    // FlushWAL is required to ensure we can physically copy everything
-    // logically written to the WAL. (Sync not strictly required for
-    // active WAL to be copied rather than hard linked, even when
-    // Checkpoint guarantees that the copied-to file is sync-ed. Plus we can't
-    // help track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest after manifest_size is
-    // already determined.)
-    s = FlushWAL(/*sync=*/false);
+    // To maximize the effectiveness of track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest,
+    // sync WAL when it is enabled.
+    s = FlushWAL(
+        immutable_db_options_.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest /* sync */);
    if (s.IsNotSupported()) {  // read-only DB or similar
      s = Status::OK();
    }
@@ -412,52 +391,21 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCustomCheckpoint:AfterGetLive1");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCustomCheckpoint:AfterGetLive2");

-  // Even after WAL flush, there could be multiple WALs that are not
-  // fully synced. Although the output DB of a Checkpoint or Backup needs
-  // to be fully synced on return, we don't strictly need to sync this
-  // DB (the input DB). If we allow Checkpoint to hard link an inactive
-  // WAL that isn't fully synced, that could result in an insufficiently
-  // sync-ed Checkpoint. Here we get the set of WALs that are potentially
-  // unsynced or still being written to, to prevent them from being hard
-  // linked. Enforcing max_log_num from above ensures any new WALs after
-  // GetOpenWalSizes() and before GetSortedWalFiles() are not included in
-  // the results.
-  // NOTE: we might still hard link a file that is open for writing, even
-  // if we don't do any more writes to it.
-  //
-  // In a step toward reducing unnecessary file metadata queries, we also
-  // get and use our known flushed sizes for those WALs.
-  // FIXME: eventually we should not be using filesystem queries at all for
-  // the required set of WAL files.
-  //
-  // However for recycled log files, we just copy the whole file,
-  // for better or worse.
-  //
-  std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t> open_wal_number_to_size;
-  bool recycling_log_files = immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0;
-  if (s.ok() && !recycling_log_files) {
-    s = GetOpenWalSizes(open_wal_number_to_size);
-  }
-
-  // [old comment] If we have more than one column family, we also need to get
-  // WAL files.
+  // If we have more than one column family, we also need to get WAL files.
  if (s.ok()) {
-    // FIXME: avoid querying the filesystem for current WAL state
-    s = GetSortedWalFilesImpl(live_wal_files,
-                              /* need_seqnos */ false);
+    s = GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files);
  }
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }

-  size_t wal_count = live_wal_files.size();
+  size_t wal_size = live_wal_files.size();
  // Link WAL files. Copy exact size of last one because it is the only one
  // that has changes after the last flush.
  auto wal_dir = immutable_db_options_.GetWalDir();
-  for (size_t i = 0; s.ok() && i < wal_count; ++i) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; s.ok() && i < wal_size; ++i) {
    if ((live_wal_files[i]->Type() == kAliveLogFile) &&
-        (!flush_memtable || live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() >= min_log_num) &&
-        live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() <= max_log_num) {
+        (!flush_memtable || live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() >= min_log_num)) {
      results.emplace_back();
      LiveFileStorageInfo& info = results.back();
      auto f = live_wal_files[i]->PathName();
@@ -466,29 +414,12 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
      info.directory = wal_dir;
      info.file_number = live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber();
      info.file_type = kWalFile;
-      if (recycling_log_files) {
-        info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
-        // Recyclable WAL files must be copied instead of hard linked
-        info.trim_to_size = true;
-      } else {
-        auto it = open_wal_number_to_size.find(info.file_number);
-        if (it == open_wal_number_to_size.end()) {
-          // Known fully synced and no future writes (in part from
-          // max_log_num check). Ok to hard link
-          info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
-          assert(!info.trim_to_size);
-        } else {
-          // Marked as (possibly) still open -> use our known flushed size
-          // and force file copy instead of hard link
-          info.size = it->second;
-          info.trim_to_size = true;
-          // FIXME: this is needed as long as db_stress uses
-          // SetReadUnsyncedData(false), because it will only be able to
-          // copy the synced portion of the WAL, which under
-          // SetReadUnsyncedData(false) is given by the reported file size.
-          info.size = std::min(info.size, live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes());
-        }
-      }
+      info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
+      // Trim the log either if its the last one, or log file recycling is
+      // enabled. In the latter case, a hard link doesn't prevent the file
+      // from being renamed and recycled. So we need to copy it instead.
+      info.trim_to_size = (i + 1 == wal_size) ||
+                          (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0);
      if (opts.include_checksum_info) {
        info.file_checksum_func_name = kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName;
        info.file_checksum = kUnknownFileChecksum;
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, SyncFail) {
  options.env = fault_injection_env.get();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncFail:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start"},
-       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Failed", "DBFlushTest::SyncFail:2"}});
+      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncFail:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start"},
+       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Failed", "DBFlushTest::SyncFail:2"}});
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, options);
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, SyncSkip) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip"},
-       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip", "DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:2"}});
+      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip"},
+       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip", "DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:2"}});
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  Reopen(options);
@@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, PickRightMemtables) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:BeforeReLock", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
+      "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:BeforeReLock", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "what", "v"));
        auto* cfhi =
            static_cast_with_check<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl>(handles_[1]);
@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ Status DBImpl::ResumeImpl(DBRecoverContext context) {
      if (!s.ok()) {
        io_s = versions_->io_status();
        if (!io_s.ok()) {
-          error_handler_.SetBGError(io_s,
-                                    BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+          s = error_handler_.SetBGError(io_s,
+                                        BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
        }
      }
    }
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ Status DBImpl::CloseHelper() {
      if (!s.ok()) {
        ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
            immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-            "Unable to clear writer for WAL %s with error -- %s",
+            "Unable to Sync WAL file %s with error -- %s",
            LogFileName(immutable_db_options_.GetWalDir(), log_number).c_str(),
            s.ToString().c_str());
        // Retain the first error
@@ -917,8 +917,8 @@ Status DBImpl::RegisterRecordSeqnoTimeWorker(const ReadOptions& read_options,
            read_options, write_options, &edit, &mutex_,
            directories_.GetDbDir());
        if (!s.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
-          error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
-                                    BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+          s = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
+                                        BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
        }
      }

@@ -1550,132 +1550,64 @@ bool DBImpl::WALBufferIsEmpty() {
  return res;
 }

-Status DBImpl::GetOpenWalSizes(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& number_to_size) {
-  assert(number_to_size.empty());
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
-  for (auto& log : logs_) {
-    auto* open_file = log.writer->file();
-    if (open_file) {
-      number_to_size[log.number] = open_file->GetFlushedSize();
-    }
-  }
-  return Status::OK();
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::SyncWAL() {
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:Begin");
-  WriteOptions write_options;
-  VersionEdit synced_wals;
-  Status s = SyncWalImpl(/*include_current_wal=*/true, write_options,
-                         /*job_context=*/nullptr, &synced_wals,
-                         /*error_recovery_in_prog=*/false);
-
-  if (s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    const ReadOptions read_options;
-    s = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
-  }
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:2");
-  return s;
-}
-
-IOStatus DBImpl::SyncWalImpl(bool include_current_wal,
-                             const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                             JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
-                             bool error_recovery_in_prog) {
-  autovector<log::Writer*, 1> wals_to_sync;
-  bool need_wal_dir_sync;
-  // Number of a WAL that was active at the start of call and maybe is by
-  // the end of the call.
-  uint64_t maybe_active_number;
-  // Sync WALs up to this number
-  uint64_t up_to_number;
+  autovector<log::Writer*, 1> logs_to_sync;
+  bool need_log_dir_sync;
+  uint64_t current_log_number;

  {
    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
    assert(!logs_.empty());

-    maybe_active_number = logfile_number_;
-    up_to_number =
-        include_current_wal ? maybe_active_number : maybe_active_number - 1;
+    // This SyncWAL() call only cares about logs up to this number.
+    current_log_number = logfile_number_;

-    while (logs_.front().number <= up_to_number && logs_.front().IsSyncing()) {
+    while (logs_.front().number <= current_log_number &&
+           logs_.front().IsSyncing()) {
      log_sync_cv_.Wait();
    }
    // First check that logs are safe to sync in background.
-    if (include_current_wal &&
-        !logs_.back().writer->file()->writable_file()->IsSyncThreadSafe()) {
-      return IOStatus::NotSupported(
-          "SyncWAL() is not supported for this implementation of WAL file",
-          immutable_db_options_.allow_mmap_writes
-              ? "try setting Options::allow_mmap_writes to false"
-              : Slice());
+    for (auto it = logs_.begin();
+         it != logs_.end() && it->number <= current_log_number; ++it) {
+      if (!it->writer->file()->writable_file()->IsSyncThreadSafe()) {
+        return Status::NotSupported(
+            "SyncWAL() is not supported for this implementation of WAL file",
+            immutable_db_options_.allow_mmap_writes
+                ? "try setting Options::allow_mmap_writes to false"
+                : Slice());
+      }
    }
    for (auto it = logs_.begin();
-         it != logs_.end() && it->number <= up_to_number; ++it) {
+         it != logs_.end() && it->number <= current_log_number; ++it) {
      auto& log = *it;
-      // Ensure the head of logs_ is marked as getting_synced if any is.
      log.PrepareForSync();
-      // If last sync failed on a later WAL, this could be a fully synced
-      // and closed WAL that just needs to be recorded as synced in the
-      // manifest.
-      if (log.writer->file()) {
-        wals_to_sync.push_back(log.writer);
-      }
+      logs_to_sync.push_back(log.writer);
    }

-    need_wal_dir_sync = !log_dir_synced_;
+    need_log_dir_sync = !log_dir_synced_;
  }

-  if (include_current_wal) {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1");
-  }
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1");
  RecordTick(stats_, WAL_FILE_SYNCED);
+  Status status;
+  IOStatus io_s;
+  // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
+  const ReadOptions read_options;
+  const WriteOptions write_options;
  IOOptions opts;
-  IOStatus io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, opts);
-  std::list<log::Writer*> wals_internally_closed;
+  io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, opts);
+  if (!io_s.ok()) {
+    status = io_s;
+  }
  if (io_s.ok()) {
-    for (log::Writer* log : wals_to_sync) {
-      if (job_context) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                       "[JOB %d] Syncing log #%" PRIu64, job_context->job_id,
-                       log->get_log_number());
-      }
-      if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
-        log->file()->reset_seen_error();
-      }
-      if (log->get_log_number() >= maybe_active_number) {
-        assert(log->get_log_number() == maybe_active_number);
-        io_s = log->file()->SyncWithoutFlush(opts,
-                                             immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
-      } else {
-        io_s = log->file()->Sync(opts, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
-      }
+    for (log::Writer* log : logs_to_sync) {
+      io_s =
+          log->file()->SyncWithoutFlush(opts, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+        status = io_s;
        break;
      }
-      // WALs can be closed when purging obsolete files, but if recycling is
-      // enabled, the log file is closed here so that it can be reused. And
-      // immediate closure here upon final sync makes it easier to guarantee
-      // that Checkpoint doesn't LinkFile on a WAL still open for write, which
-      // might be unsupported for some FileSystem implementations. Close here
-      // should be inexpensive because flush and sync are done, so the kill
-      // switch background_close_inactive_wals is expected to be removed in
-      // the future.
-      if (log->get_log_number() < maybe_active_number &&
-          (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0 ||
-           !immutable_db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals)) {
-        if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
-          log->file()->reset_seen_error();
-        }
-        io_s = log->file()->Close(opts);
-        wals_internally_closed.push_back(log);
-        if (!io_s.ok()) {
-          break;
-        }
-      }
    }
  }
  if (!io_s.ok()) {
@@ -1685,34 +1617,31 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::SyncWalImpl(bool include_current_wal,
    // future writes
    IOStatusCheck(io_s);
  }
-  if (io_s.ok() && need_wal_dir_sync) {
-    io_s = directories_.GetWalDir()->FsyncWithDirOptions(
+  if (status.ok() && need_log_dir_sync) {
+    status = directories_.GetWalDir()->FsyncWithDirOptions(
        IOOptions(), nullptr,
        DirFsyncOptions(DirFsyncOptions::FsyncReason::kNewFileSynced));
  }
-  if (include_current_wal) {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2");
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2");

-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:1");
-  } else {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:BeforeReLock",
-                             /*arg=*/nullptr);
-  }
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:1");
+  VersionEdit synced_wals;
  {
    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
-    for (auto* wal : wals_internally_closed) {
-      // We can only modify the state of log::Writer under the mutex
-      bool was_closed = wal->PublishIfClosed();
-      assert(was_closed);
-      (void)was_closed;
-    }
-    if (io_s.ok()) {
-      MarkLogsSynced(up_to_number, need_wal_dir_sync, synced_wals);
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number, need_log_dir_sync, &synced_wals);
    } else {
-      MarkLogsNotSynced(up_to_number);
+      MarkLogsNotSynced(current_log_number);
    }
  }
-  return io_s;
+  if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    status = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
+  }
+
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncWAL:BeforeMarkLogsSynced:2");
+
+  return status;
 }

 Status DBImpl::ApplyWALToManifest(const ReadOptions& read_options,
@@ -1725,8 +1654,8 @@ Status DBImpl::ApplyWALToManifest(const ReadOptions& read_options,
      read_options, write_options, synced_wals, &mutex_,
      directories_.GetDbDir());
  if (!status.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
-    error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
-                              BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+    status = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
+                                       BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
  }
  return status;
 }
@@ -1830,19 +1759,16 @@ void DBImpl::MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir,
          wal.GetPreSyncSize() > 0) {
        synced_wals->AddWal(wal.number, WalMetadata(wal.GetPreSyncSize()));
      }
-      // Reclaim closed WALs (wal.writer->file() == nullptr), and if we don't
-      // need to close before that (background_close_inactive_wals) we can
-      // opportunistically reclaim WALs that happen to be fully synced.
-      // (Probably not worth extra code and mutex release to opportunistically
-      // close WALs that became eligible since last holding the mutex.
-      // FindObsoleteFiles can take care of it.)
+      // Check if the file has been closed, i.e wal.writer->file() == nullptr
+      // which can happen if log recycling is enabled, or if all the data in
+      // the log has been synced
      if (wal.writer->file() == nullptr ||
-          (immutable_db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals &&
-           wal.GetPreSyncSize() == wal.writer->file()->GetFlushedSize())) {
+          wal.GetPreSyncSize() == wal.writer->file()->GetFlushedSize()) {
        // Fully synced
        logs_to_free_.push_back(wal.ReleaseWriter());
        it = logs_.erase(it);
      } else {
+        assert(wal.GetPreSyncSize() < wal.writer->file()->GetFlushedSize());
        wal.FinishSync();
        ++it;
      }
@@ -2065,19 +1991,19 @@ InternalIterator* DBImpl::NewInternalIterator(
      read_options, super_version->GetSeqnoToTimeMapping(), arena);
  Status s;
  if (!read_options.ignore_range_deletions) {
-    std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator> mem_tombstone_iter;
+    TruncatedRangeDelIterator* mem_tombstone_iter = nullptr;
    auto range_del_iter = super_version->mem->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(
        read_options, sequence, false /* immutable_memtable */);
    if (range_del_iter == nullptr || range_del_iter->empty()) {
      delete range_del_iter;
    } else {
-      mem_tombstone_iter = std::make_unique<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>(
+      mem_tombstone_iter = new TruncatedRangeDelIterator(
          std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(range_del_iter),
          &cfd->ioptions()->internal_comparator, nullptr /* smallest */,
          nullptr /* largest */);
    }
-    merge_iter_builder.AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(
-        mem_iter, std::move(mem_tombstone_iter));
+    merge_iter_builder.AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(mem_iter,
+                                                    mem_tombstone_iter);
  } else {
    merge_iter_builder.AddIterator(mem_iter);
  }
@@ -4544,11 +4470,8 @@ bool DBImpl::GetAggregatedIntProperty(const Slice& property,
  if (property_info == nullptr || property_info->handle_int == nullptr) {
    return false;
  }
-  auto aggregator = CreateIntPropertyAggregator(property);
-  if (aggregator == nullptr) {
-    return false;
-  }

+  uint64_t sum = 0;
  bool ret = true;
  {
    // Needs mutex to protect the list of column families.
@@ -4562,14 +4485,14 @@ bool DBImpl::GetAggregatedIntProperty(const Slice& property,
      // GetIntPropertyInternal may release db mutex and re-acquire it.
      mutex_.AssertHeld();
      if (ret) {
-        aggregator->Add(cfd, value);
+        sum += value;
      } else {
        ret = false;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
-  *aggregated_value = aggregator->Aggregate();
+  *aggregated_value = sum;
  return ret;
 }

@@ -5828,18 +5751,6 @@ Status DBImpl::IngestExternalFiles(
            "timestamps enabled doesn't support ingest behind.");
      }
    }
-    if (ingest_opts.allow_db_generated_files) {
-      if (ingest_opts.write_global_seqno) {
-        return Status::NotSupported(
-            "write_global_seqno is deprecated and does not work with "
-            "allow_db_generated_files.");
-      }
-      if (ingest_opts.move_files) {
-        return Status::NotSupported(
-            "Options move_files and allow_db_generated_files are not "
-            "compatible.");
-      }
-    }
  }

  // TODO (yanqin) maybe handle the case in which column_families have
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <atomic>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <deque>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/status.h"
 #include "rocksdb/trace_reader_writer.h"
 #include "rocksdb/transaction_log.h"
-#include "rocksdb/user_write_callback.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/replayer.h"
 #include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h"
 #include "table/merging_iterator.h"
@@ -233,10 +231,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  using DB::Write;
  Status Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates) override;

-  using DB::WriteWithCallback;
-  Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
-                           UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) override;
-
  using DB::Get;
  Status Get(const ReadOptions& _read_options,
             ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
@@ -507,16 +501,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // All the returned filenames start with "/"
  Status GetLiveFiles(std::vector<std::string>&, uint64_t* manifest_file_size,
                      bool flush_memtable = true) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos);
-
-  // Get the known flushed sizes of WALs that might still be written to
-  // or have pending sync.
-  // NOTE: unlike alive_log_files_, this function includes WALs that might
-  // be obsolete (but not obsolete to a pending Checkpoint) and not yet fully
-  // synced.
-  Status GetOpenWalSizes(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& number_to_size);
-  Status GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* current_log_file) override;
+  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files) override;
+  Status GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* current_log_file) override;
  Status GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile(uint64_t* creation_time) override;

  Status GetUpdatesSince(
@@ -702,8 +688,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // thread to determine whether it is safe to perform the write.
  virtual Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                   WriteBatch* my_batch,
-                                   WriteCallback* callback,
-                                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr);
+                                   WriteCallback* callback);

  // Returns the sequence number that is guaranteed to be smaller than or equal
  // to the sequence number of any key that could be inserted into the current
@@ -1464,9 +1449,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  Status RenameTempFileToOptionsFile(const std::string& file_name);
  Status DeleteObsoleteOptionsFiles();

-  void NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds,
-                                    FlushReason flush_reason);
-
  void NotifyOnFlushBegin(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, FileMetaData* file_meta,
                          const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
                          int job_id, FlushReason flush_reason);
@@ -1517,7 +1499,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // batch that does not have duplicate keys.
  Status WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
                   WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
                   uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
                   bool disable_memtable = false, uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr,
                   size_t batch_cnt = 0,
@@ -1526,7 +1507,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  Status PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
                            WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                            UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
                            uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
                            bool disable_memtable = false,
                            uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr);
@@ -1553,8 +1533,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // marks start of a new sub-batch.
  Status WriteImplWALOnly(
      WriteThread* write_thread, const WriteOptions& options,
-      WriteBatch* updates, WriteCallback* callback,
-      UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
+      WriteBatch* updates, WriteCallback* callback, uint64_t* log_used,
      const uint64_t log_ref, uint64_t* seq_used, const size_t sub_batch_cnt,
      PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback, const AssignOrder assign_order,
      const PublishLastSeq publish_last_seq, const bool disable_memtable);
@@ -1726,11 +1705,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
      return w;
    }
    Status ClearWriter() {
-      Status s;
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        s = writer->WriteBuffer(WriteOptions());
-      }
+      // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
+      Status s = writer->WriteBuffer(WriteOptions());
      delete writer;
      writer = nullptr;
      return s;
@@ -1745,16 +1721,10 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

    void PrepareForSync() {
      assert(!getting_synced);
-      // Ensure the head of logs_ is marked as getting_synced if any is.
+      // Size is expected to be monotonically increasing.
+      assert(writer->file()->GetFlushedSize() >= pre_sync_size);
      getting_synced = true;
-      // If last sync failed on a later WAL, this could be a fully synced
-      // and closed WAL that just needs to be recorded as synced in the
-      // manifest.
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // Size is expected to be monotonically increasing.
-        assert(writer->file()->GetFlushedSize() >= pre_sync_size);
-        pre_sync_size = writer->file()->GetFlushedSize();
-      }
+      pre_sync_size = writer->file()->GetFlushedSize();
    }

    void FinishSync() {
@@ -1952,7 +1922,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  void ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(
      std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& v);

-  IOStatus SyncClosedWals(const WriteOptions& write_options,
+  IOStatus SyncClosedLogs(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                          JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
                          bool error_recovery_in_prog);

@@ -2211,8 +2181,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  void GenerateFlushRequest(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
                            FlushReason flush_reason, FlushRequest* req);

-  // Returns true if `req` is successfully enqueued.
-  bool SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& req);
+  void SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& req);

  void SchedulePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
  void SchedulePendingPurge(std::string fname, std::string dir_to_sync,
@@ -2288,11 +2257,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  ColumnFamilyData* PickCompactionFromQueue(
      std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken>* token, LogBuffer* log_buffer);

-  IOStatus SyncWalImpl(bool include_current_wal,
-                       const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                       JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
-                       bool error_recovery_in_prog);
-
  // helper function to call after some of the logs_ were synced
  void MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir, VersionEdit* edit);
  Status ApplyWALToManifest(const ReadOptions& read_options,
@@ -2350,9 +2314,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  bool HaveManualCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
  bool MCOverlap(ManualCompactionState* m, ManualCompactionState* m1);
  void UpdateDeletionCompactionStats(const std::unique_ptr<Compaction>& c);
-
-  // May open and read table files for table property.
-  // Should not be called while holding mutex_.
  void BuildCompactionJobInfo(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Compaction* c,
                              const Status& st,
                              const CompactionJobStats& compaction_job_stats,
@@ -2568,10 +2529,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  bool persistent_stats_cfd_exists_ = true;

-  // The current WAL file and those that have not been found obsolete from
-  // memtable flushes. A WAL not on this list might still be pending writer
-  // flush and/or sync and close and might still be in logs_. alive_log_files_
-  // is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details as follows:
+  // alive_log_files_ is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details
+  // as follows:
  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called in either application
  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads, both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
  //    held.
@@ -2622,7 +2581,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // 8. read by MarkLogsNotSynced() and MarkLogsSynced() are protected by
  //    log_write_mutex_.
  // 9. erase() by MarkLogsSynced() protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  // 10. read by SyncClosedWals() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
+  // 10. read by SyncClosedLogs() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
  //     happen in bg flush threads after DB::Open() returns success to
  //     applications.
  // 11. reads, e.g. front(), iteration, and back() called by PreprocessWrite()
@@ -2635,7 +2594,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // 13. emplace_back() by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader. Can conflict
  //     with bg threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(), MarkLogsSynced(),
-  //     SyncClosedWals(), etc. as well as application threads calling
+  //     SyncClosedLogs(), etc. as well as application threads calling
  //     FlushWAL(), SyncWAL(), LockWAL(). This is fine because all parties
  //     require at least log_write_mutex_.
  // 14. iteration called in WriteToWAL(write_group) protected by
@@ -87,9 +87,6 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  assert(flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.size() == 1);
  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->first;
-  if (cfd->GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule()) {
-    return false;
-  }
  uint64_t max_memtable_id =
      flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->second;
  if (cfd->IsDropped() ||
@@ -101,20 +98,15 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  // alleviated if we continue with the flush instead of postponing it.
  const auto& mutable_cf_options = *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions();

-  // Use the same criteria as WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites does w.r.t
-  // defining what a write stall is about to happen means. If this uses a
-  // stricter criteria, for example, a write stall is about to happen if the
-  // last memtable is 10% full, there is a possibility that manual flush could
-  // be waiting in `WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites` with the incorrect
-  // expectation that others will clear up the excessive memtables and
-  // eventually let it proceed. The others in this case won't start clearing
-  // until the last memtable is 10% full. To avoid that scenario, the criteria
-  // this uses should be the same or less strict than
-  // `WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites` does.
+  // Taking the status of the active Memtable into consideration so that we are
+  // not just checking if DB is currently already in write stall mode.
+  int mem_to_flush = cfd->mem()->ApproximateMemoryUsageFast() >=
+                             cfd->mem()->write_buffer_size() / 2
+                         ? 1
+                         : 0;
  WriteStallCondition write_stall =
      ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
-          cfd->GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck(),
-          /*num_l0_files=*/0,
+          cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() + mem_to_flush, /*num_l0_files=*/0,
          /*num_compaction_needed_bytes=*/0, mutable_cf_options,
          *cfd->ioptions())
          .first;
@@ -124,19 +116,89 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  return true;
 }

-IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedWals(const WriteOptions& write_options,
+IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                JobContext* job_context,
                                VersionEdit* synced_wals,
                                bool error_recovery_in_prog) {
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start");
-
-  IOStatus io_s = SyncWalImpl(/*include_current_wal*/ false, write_options,
-                              job_context, synced_wals, error_recovery_in_prog);
-  if (!io_s.ok()) {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Failed");
-  } else {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:end");
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start");
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
+  autovector<log::Writer*, 1> logs_to_sync;
+  uint64_t current_log_number = logfile_number_;
+  while (logs_.front().number < current_log_number &&
+         logs_.front().IsSyncing()) {
+    log_sync_cv_.Wait();
  }
+  for (auto it = logs_.begin();
+       it != logs_.end() && it->number < current_log_number; ++it) {
+    auto& log = *it;
+    log.PrepareForSync();
+    logs_to_sync.push_back(log.writer);
+  }
+
+  IOStatus io_s;
+  if (!logs_to_sync.empty()) {
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+
+    assert(job_context);
+
+    for (log::Writer* log : logs_to_sync) {
+      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
+                     "[JOB %d] Syncing log #%" PRIu64, job_context->job_id,
+                     log->get_log_number());
+      if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
+        log->file()->reset_seen_error();
+      }
+
+      IOOptions io_options;
+      io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, io_options);
+      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      io_s = log->file()->Sync(io_options, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
+      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0) {
+        if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
+          log->file()->reset_seen_error();
+        }
+        // Normally the log file is closed when purging obsolete file, but if
+        // log recycling is enabled, the log file is closed here so that it
+        // can be reused.
+        io_s = log->Close(write_options);
+        if (!io_s.ok()) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (io_s.ok()) {
+      IOOptions io_options;
+      io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, io_options);
+      if (io_s.ok()) {
+        io_s = directories_.GetWalDir()->FsyncWithDirOptions(
+            io_options, nullptr,
+            DirFsyncOptions(DirFsyncOptions::FsyncReason::kNewFileSynced));
+      }
+    }
+
+    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:BeforeReLock",
+                             /*arg=*/nullptr);
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+
+    // "number <= current_log_number - 1" is equivalent to
+    // "number < current_log_number".
+    if (io_s.ok()) {
+      MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number - 1, true, synced_wals);
+    } else {
+      MarkLogsNotSynced(current_log_number - 1);
+    }
+    if (!io_s.ok()) {
+      TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Failed");
+      return io_s;
+    }
+  }
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:end");
  return io_s;
 }

@@ -175,12 +237,12 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
  // If needs_to_sync_closed_wals is true, we need to record the current
  // maximum memtable ID of this column family so that a later PickMemtables()
  // call will not pick memtables whose IDs are higher. This is due to the fact
-  // that SyncClosedWals() may release the db mutex, and memtable switch can
+  // that SyncClosedLogs() may release the db mutex, and memtable switch can
  // happen for this column family in the meantime. The newly created memtables
  // have their data backed by unsynced WALs, thus they cannot be included in
  // this flush job.
  // Another reason why we must record the current maximum memtable ID of this
-  // column family: SyncClosedWals() may release db mutex, thus it's possible
+  // column family: SyncClosedLogs() may release db mutex, thus it's possible
  // for application to continue to insert into memtables increasing db's
  // sequence number. The application may take a snapshot, but this snapshot is
  // not included in `snapshot_seqs` which will be passed to flush job because
@@ -194,7 +256,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(

  // If needs_to_sync_closed_wals is false, then the flush job will pick ALL
  // existing memtables of the column family when PickMemTable() is called
-  // later. Although we won't call SyncClosedWals() in this case, we may still
+  // later. Although we won't call SyncClosedLogs() in this case, we may still
  // call the callbacks of the listeners, i.e. NotifyOnFlushBegin() which also
  // releases and re-acquires the db mutex. In the meantime, the application
  // can still insert into the memtables and increase the db's sequence number.
@@ -224,12 +286,12 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
  bool need_cancel = false;
  IOStatus log_io_s = IOStatus::OK();
  if (needs_to_sync_closed_wals) {
-    // SyncClosedWals() may unlock and re-lock the log_write_mutex multiple
+    // SyncClosedLogs() may unlock and re-lock the log_write_mutex multiple
    // times.
    VersionEdit synced_wals;
    bool error_recovery_in_prog = error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress();
    mutex_.Unlock();
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedWals(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
                              error_recovery_in_prog);
    mutex_.Lock();
    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
@@ -244,7 +306,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
      error_handler_.SetBGError(log_io_s, BackgroundErrorReason::kFlush);
    }
  } else {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip");
+    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip");
  }
  s = log_io_s;

@@ -518,7 +580,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(
    VersionEdit synced_wals;
    bool error_recovery_in_prog = error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress();
    mutex_.Unlock();
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedWals(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
                              error_recovery_in_prog);
    mutex_.Lock();
    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
@@ -1595,12 +1657,10 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(

  ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(pending_outputs_inserted_elem);

-  mutex_.Unlock();
  if (compaction_job_info != nullptr) {
    BuildCompactionJobInfo(cfd, c.get(), s, compaction_job_stats,
                           job_context->job_id, compaction_job_info);
  }
-  mutex_.Lock();

  if (status.ok()) {
    // Done
@@ -2250,23 +2310,6 @@ void DBImpl::GenerateFlushRequest(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
  }
 }

-void DBImpl::NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds,
-                                          FlushReason flush_reason) {
-  if (immutable_db_options_.listeners.size() == 0U) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (shutting_down_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  std::vector<ManualFlushInfo> info;
-  for (ColumnFamilyData* cfd : cfds) {
-    info.push_back({cfd->GetID(), cfd->GetName(), flush_reason});
-  }
-  for (const auto& listener : immutable_db_options_.listeners) {
-    listener->OnManualFlushScheduled(this, info);
-  }
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
                             const FlushOptions& flush_options,
                             FlushReason flush_reason,
@@ -2371,14 +2414,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
        }
      }
      for (const auto& req : flush_reqs) {
-        assert(req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.size() == 1);
-        ColumnFamilyData* loop_cfd =
-            req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->first;
-        bool already_queued_for_flush = loop_cfd->queued_for_flush();
-        bool flush_req_enqueued = SchedulePendingFlush(req);
-        if (already_queued_for_flush || flush_req_enqueued) {
-          loop_cfd->SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-        }
+        SchedulePendingFlush(req);
      }
      MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
    }
@@ -2390,8 +2426,6 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      }
    }
  }
-
-  NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled({cfd}, flush_reason);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::FlushMemTable:AfterScheduleFlush");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::FlushMemTable:BeforeWaitForBgFlush");
  if (s.ok() && flush_options.wait) {
@@ -2536,7 +2570,6 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
      }
    }
  }
-  NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(cfds, flush_reason);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables:AfterScheduleFlush");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables:BeforeWaitForBgFlush");
  if (s.ok() && flush_options.wait) {
@@ -2594,9 +2627,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RetryFlushesForErrorRecovery(FlushReason flush_reason,
          flush_reason,
          {{cfd,
            std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() /* max_mem_id_to_persist */}}};
-      if (SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req)) {
-        cfd->SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-      };
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    }
  }
  MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
@@ -2684,13 +2715,13 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      // mode due to pending compaction bytes, but that's less common
      // No extra immutable Memtable will be created if the current Memtable is
      // empty.
-      write_stall_condition =
-          ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
-              cfd->GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck(),
-              vstorage->l0_delay_trigger_count() + 1,
-              vstorage->estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(), mutable_cf_options,
-              *cfd->ioptions())
-              .first;
+      int mem_to_flush = cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() ? 0 : 1;
+      write_stall_condition = ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
+                                  cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() + mem_to_flush,
+                                  vstorage->l0_delay_trigger_count() + 1,
+                                  vstorage->estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(),
+                                  mutable_cf_options, *cfd->ioptions())
+                                  .first;
    } while (write_stall_condition != WriteStallCondition::kNormal);
  }
  return Status::OK();
@@ -3002,14 +3033,13 @@ ColumnFamilyData* DBImpl::PickCompactionFromQueue(
  return cfd;
 }

-bool DBImpl::SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
+void DBImpl::SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  bool enqueued = false;
  if (reject_new_background_jobs_) {
-    return enqueued;
+    return;
  }
  if (flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.empty()) {
-    return enqueued;
+    return;
  }
  if (!immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
    // For the non-atomic flush case, we never schedule multiple column
@@ -3024,7 +3054,6 @@ bool DBImpl::SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
      cfd->set_queued_for_flush(true);
      ++unscheduled_flushes_;
      flush_queue_.push_back(flush_req);
-      enqueued = true;
    }
  } else {
    for (auto& iter : flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist) {
@@ -3033,9 +3062,7 @@ bool DBImpl::SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
    }
    ++unscheduled_flushes_;
    flush_queue_.push_back(flush_req);
-    enqueued = true;
  }
-  return enqueued;
 }

 void DBImpl::SchedulePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) {
@@ -4163,7 +4190,7 @@ void DBImpl::BuildCompactionJobInfo(
  compaction_job_info->base_input_level = c->start_level();
  compaction_job_info->output_level = c->output_level();
  compaction_job_info->stats = compaction_job_stats;
-  const auto& input_table_properties = c->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();
+  const auto& input_table_properties = c->GetInputTableProperties();
  const auto& output_table_properties = c->GetOutputTableProperties();
  compaction_job_info->table_properties.insert(input_table_properties.begin(),
                                               input_table_properties.end());
@@ -312,26 +312,6 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
        // logs_ could have changed while we were waiting.
        continue;
      }
-      // This WAL file is not live, so it's OK if we never sync the rest of it.
-      // If it's already closed, then it's been fully synced. If
-      // !background_close_inactive_wals then we need to Close it before
-      // removing from logs_ but not blocking while holding log_write_mutex_.
-      if (!immutable_db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals &&
-          log.writer->file()) {
-        // We are taking ownership of and pinning the front entry, so we can
-        // expect it to be the same after releasing and re-acquiring the lock
-        log.PrepareForSync();
-        log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-        // TODO: maybe check the return value of Close.
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        auto s = log.writer->file()->Close({});
-        s.PermitUncheckedError();
-        log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-        log.writer->PublishIfClosed();
-        assert(&log == &logs_.front());
-        log.FinishSync();
-        log_sync_cv_.SignalAll();
-      }
      logs_to_free_.push_back(log.ReleaseWriter());
      logs_.pop_front();
    }
@@ -430,24 +410,12 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
      state.manifest_delete_files.size());
  // We may ignore the dbname when generating the file names.
  for (auto& file : state.sst_delete_files) {
-    auto* handle = file.metadata->table_reader_handle;
-    if (file.only_delete_metadata) {
-      if (handle) {
-        // Simply release handle of file that is not being deleted
-        table_cache_->Release(handle);
-      }
-    } else {
-      // File is being deleted (actually obsolete)
-      auto number = file.metadata->fd.GetNumber();
-      candidate_files.emplace_back(MakeTableFileName(number), file.path);
-      if (handle == nullptr) {
-        // For files not "pinned" in table cache
-        handle = TableCache::Lookup(table_cache_.get(), number);
-      }
-      if (handle) {
-        TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(table_cache_.get(), handle,
-                                    file.uncache_aggressiveness);
-      }
+    if (!file.only_delete_metadata) {
+      candidate_files.emplace_back(
+          MakeTableFileName(file.metadata->fd.GetNumber()), file.path);
+    }
+    if (file.metadata->table_reader_handle) {
+      table_cache_->Release(file.metadata->table_reader_handle);
    }
    file.DeleteMetadata();
  }
@@ -523,7 +491,7 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
  for (const auto w : state.logs_to_free) {
    // TODO: maybe check the return value of Close.
    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    auto s = w->Close({});
+    auto s = w->Close(WriteOptions());
    s.PermitUncheckedError();
  }

@@ -609,6 +577,8 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
    std::string fname;
    std::string dir_to_sync;
    if (type == kTableFile) {
+      // evict from cache
+      TableCache::Evict(table_cache_.get(), number);
      fname = MakeTableFileName(candidate_file.file_path, number);
      dir_to_sync = candidate_file.file_path;
    } else if (type == kBlobFile) {
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@

 #include "db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.h"

-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>

 #include "db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.h"
@@ -301,10 +301,7 @@ Status DBImpl::NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames) {
  }
  if (immutable_db_options_.write_dbid_to_manifest) {
    std::string temp_db_id;
-    s = GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(&temp_db_id);
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      return s;
-    }
+    GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(&temp_db_id);
    new_db.SetDBId(temp_db_id);
  }
  new_db.SetLogNumber(0);
@@ -530,12 +527,6 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
                           /*no_error_if_files_missing=*/false, is_retry,
                           &desc_status);
    desc_status.PermitUncheckedError();
-    if (is_retry) {
-      RecordTick(stats_, FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT);
-      if (desc_status.ok()) {
-        RecordTick(stats_, FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT);
-      }
-    }
    if (can_retry) {
      // If we're opening for the first time and the failure is likely due to
      // a corrupt MANIFEST file (could result in either the log::Reader
@@ -646,7 +637,7 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
                           f->fd.smallest_seqno, f->fd.largest_seqno,
                           f->marked_for_compaction,
                           f->temperature,  // this can be different from
-                           // `last_level_temperature`
+                                            // `last_level_temperature`
                           f->oldest_blob_file_number, f->oldest_ancester_time,
                           f->file_creation_time, f->epoch_number,
                           f->file_checksum, f->file_checksum_func_name,
@@ -1679,8 +1670,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot;
      std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshot_seqs =
          snapshots_.GetAll(&earliest_write_conflict_snapshot);
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot =
-          (snapshot_seqs.empty() ? kMaxSequenceNumber : snapshot_seqs.at(0));
      auto snapshot_checker = snapshot_checker_.get();
      if (use_custom_gc_ && snapshot_checker == nullptr) {
        snapshot_checker = DisableGCSnapshotChecker::Instance();
@@ -1700,7 +1689,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      IOStatus io_s;
      const ReadOptions read_option(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
      const WriteOptions write_option(Env::IO_HIGH, Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
-
      TableBuilderOptions tboptions(
          *cfd->ioptions(), mutable_cf_options, read_option, write_option,
          cfd->internal_comparator(), cfd->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
@@ -1709,22 +1697,21 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
          0 /* level */, false /* is_bottommost */,
          TableFileCreationReason::kRecovery, 0 /* oldest_key_time */,
          0 /* file_creation_time */, db_id_, db_session_id_,
-          0 /* target_file_size */, meta.fd.GetNumber(), kMaxSequenceNumber);
+          0 /* target_file_size */, meta.fd.GetNumber());
      Version* version = cfd->current();
      version->Ref();
      uint64_t num_input_entries = 0;
-      s = BuildTable(dbname_, versions_.get(), immutable_db_options_, tboptions,
-                     file_options_for_compaction_, cfd->table_cache(),
-                     iter.get(), std::move(range_del_iters), &meta,
-                     &blob_file_additions, snapshot_seqs, earliest_snapshot,
-                     earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
-                     snapshot_checker, paranoid_file_checks,
-                     cfd->internal_stats(), &io_s, io_tracer_,
-                     BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
-                     nullptr /* seqno_to_time_mapping */, &event_logger_,
-                     job_id, nullptr /* table_properties */, write_hint,
-                     nullptr /*full_history_ts_low*/, &blob_callback_, version,
-                     &num_input_entries);
+      s = BuildTable(
+          dbname_, versions_.get(), immutable_db_options_, tboptions,
+          file_options_for_compaction_, cfd->table_cache(), iter.get(),
+          std::move(range_del_iters), &meta, &blob_file_additions,
+          snapshot_seqs, earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
+          snapshot_checker, paranoid_file_checks, cfd->internal_stats(), &io_s,
+          io_tracer_, BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
+          nullptr /* seqno_to_time_mapping */, &event_logger_, job_id,
+          nullptr /* table_properties */, write_hint,
+          nullptr /*full_history_ts_low*/, &blob_callback_, version,
+          &num_input_entries);
      version->Unref();
      LogFlush(immutable_db_options_.info_log);
      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
@@ -155,36 +155,21 @@ Status DBImpl::Write(const WriteOptions& write_options, WriteBatch* my_batch) {
  }
  if (s.ok()) {
    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, /*callback=*/nullptr,
-                  /*user_write_cb=*/nullptr,
                  /*log_used=*/nullptr);
  }
  return s;
 }

-Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                 WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                                 UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) {
-  Status s;
-  if (write_options.protection_bytes_per_key > 0) {
-    s = WriteBatchInternal::UpdateProtectionInfo(
-        my_batch, write_options.protection_bytes_per_key);
-  }
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb);
-  }
-  return s;
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                 WriteBatch* my_batch,
-                                 UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) {
+                                 WriteCallback* callback) {
  Status s;
  if (write_options.protection_bytes_per_key > 0) {
    s = WriteBatchInternal::UpdateProtectionInfo(
        my_batch, write_options.protection_bytes_per_key);
  }
  if (s.ok()) {
-    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, /*callback=*/nullptr, user_write_cb);
+    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, nullptr);
  }
  return s;
 }
@@ -194,9 +179,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 // published sequence.
 Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                         WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                         UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
-                         uint64_t log_ref, bool disable_memtable,
-                         uint64_t* seq_used, size_t batch_cnt,
+                         uint64_t* log_used, uint64_t log_ref,
+                         bool disable_memtable, uint64_t* seq_used,
+                         size_t batch_cnt,
                         PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback,
                         PostMemTableCallback* post_memtable_callback) {
  assert(!seq_per_batch_ || batch_cnt != 0);
@@ -283,10 +268,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    return Status::NotSupported(
        "seq_per_batch currently does not honor post_memtable_callback");
  }
-  if (my_batch->HasDeleteRange() && immutable_db_options_.row_cache) {
-    return Status::NotSupported(
-        "DeleteRange is not compatible with row cache.");
-  }
  // Otherwise IsLatestPersistentState optimization does not make sense
  assert(!WriteBatchInternal::IsLatestPersistentState(my_batch) ||
         disable_memtable);
@@ -303,10 +284,10 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
        seq_per_batch_ ? kDoAssignOrder : kDontAssignOrder;
    // Otherwise it is WAL-only Prepare batches in WriteCommitted policy and
    // they don't consume sequence.
-    return WriteImplWALOnly(
-        &nonmem_write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-        log_used, log_ref, seq_used, batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
-        assign_order, kDontPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
+    return WriteImplWALOnly(&nonmem_write_thread_, write_options, my_batch,
+                            callback, log_used, log_ref, seq_used, batch_cnt,
+                            pre_release_callback, assign_order,
+                            kDontPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
  }

  if (immutable_db_options_.unordered_write) {
@@ -318,9 +299,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    // Use a write thread to i) optimize for WAL write, ii) publish last
    // sequence in in increasing order, iii) call pre_release_callback serially
    Status status = WriteImplWALOnly(
-        &write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-        log_used, log_ref, &seq, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
-        kDoAssignOrder, kDoPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
+        &write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, log_used, log_ref,
+        &seq, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback, kDoAssignOrder,
+        kDoPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::WriteImpl:UnorderedWriteAfterWriteWAL");
    if (!status.ok()) {
      return status;
@@ -337,20 +318,17 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
  }

  if (immutable_db_options_.enable_pipelined_write) {
-    return PipelinedWriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                              log_used, log_ref, disable_memtable, seq_used);
+    return PipelinedWriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_used,
+                              log_ref, disable_memtable, seq_used);
  }

  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, batch_cnt,
-                        pre_release_callback, post_memtable_callback);
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
+                        post_memtable_callback);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

  write_thread_.JoinBatchGroup(&w);
-  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER) {
-    write_thread_.SetMemWritersEachStride(&w);
-  }
  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER) {
    // we are a non-leader in a parallel group

@@ -556,35 +534,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    const SequenceNumber current_sequence = last_sequence + 1;
    last_sequence += seq_inc;

-    if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
-      VersionEdit synced_wals;
-      log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-      if (status.ok()) {
-        MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
-                       &synced_wals);
-      } else {
-        MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
-      }
-      log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-      if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
-        InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        const ReadOptions read_options;
-        status = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
-      }
-
-      // Requesting sync with two_write_queues_ is expected to be very rare. We
-      // hence provide a simple implementation that is not necessarily
-      // efficient.
-      if (status.ok() && two_write_queues_) {
-        if (manual_wal_flush_) {
-          status = FlushWAL(true);
-        } else {
-          status = SyncWAL();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
    // PreReleaseCallback is called after WAL write and before memtable write
    if (status.ok()) {
      SequenceNumber next_sequence = current_sequence;
@@ -668,6 +617,34 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    assert(pre_release_cb_status.ok());
  }

+  if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                     &synced_wals);
+    } else {
+      MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
+    }
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+    if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
+      const ReadOptions read_options;
+      status = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
+    }
+
+    // Requesting sync with two_write_queues_ is expected to be very rare. We
+    // hence provide a simple implementation that is not necessarily efficient.
+    if (two_write_queues_) {
+      if (manual_wal_flush_) {
+        status = FlushWAL(true);
+      } else {
+        status = SyncWAL();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  bool should_exit_batch_group = true;
  if (in_parallel_group) {
    // CompleteParallelWorker returns true if this thread should
@@ -702,7 +679,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

 Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                  WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                                  UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb,
                                  uint64_t* log_used, uint64_t log_ref,
                                  bool disable_memtable, uint64_t* seq_used) {
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
@@ -710,8 +686,8 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

  WriteContext write_context;

-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, /*_batch_cnt=*/0,
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, /*_batch_cnt=*/0,
                        /*_pre_release_callback=*/nullptr);
  write_thread_.JoinBatchGroup(&w);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplWrite::PipelinedWriteImpl:AfterJoinBatchGroup");
@@ -850,9 +826,7 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    // so we need to set its status to pass ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED
    memtable_write_group.status.PermitUncheckedError();
  }
-  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER) {
-    write_thread_.SetMemWritersEachStride(&w);
-  }
+
  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER) {
    PERF_TIMER_STOP(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
    PERF_TIMER_FOR_WAIT_GUARD(write_memtable_time);
@@ -892,8 +866,7 @@ Status DBImpl::UnorderedWriteMemtable(const WriteOptions& write_options,
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback,
-                        /*user_write_cb=*/nullptr, log_ref,
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
                        false /*disable_memtable*/);

  if (w.CheckCallback(this) && w.ShouldWriteToMemtable()) {
@@ -943,15 +916,13 @@ Status DBImpl::UnorderedWriteMemtable(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 // applicable in a two-queue setting.
 Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
    WriteThread* write_thread, const WriteOptions& write_options,
-    WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-    UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
+    WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback, uint64_t* log_used,
    const uint64_t log_ref, uint64_t* seq_used, const size_t sub_batch_cnt,
    PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback, const AssignOrder assign_order,
    const PublishLastSeq publish_last_seq, const bool disable_memtable) {
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, sub_batch_cnt,
-                        pre_release_callback);
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

  write_thread->JoinBatchGroup(&w);
@@ -1205,7 +1176,8 @@ void DBImpl::MemTableInsertStatusCheck(const Status& status) {
    mutex_.Lock();
    assert(!error_handler_.IsBGWorkStopped());
    // Maybe change the return status to void?
-    error_handler_.SetBGError(status, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable);
+    error_handler_.SetBGError(status, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable)
+        .PermitUncheckedError();
    mutex_.Unlock();
  }
 }
@@ -1517,11 +1489,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::WriteToWAL(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
    RecordTick(stats_, WAL_FILE_BYTES, log_size);
    stats->AddDBStats(InternalStats::kIntStatsWriteWithWal, write_with_wal);
    RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_WITH_WAL, write_with_wal);
-    for (auto* writer : write_group) {
-      if (!writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-        writer->CheckPostWalWriteCallback();
-      }
-    }
  }
  return io_s;
 }
@@ -1586,11 +1553,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::ConcurrentWriteToWAL(
    stats->AddDBStats(InternalStats::kIntStatsWriteWithWal, write_with_wal,
                      concurrent);
    RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_WITH_WAL, write_with_wal);
-    for (auto* writer : write_group) {
-      if (!writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-        writer->CheckPostWalWriteCallback();
-      }
-    }
  }
  return io_s;
 }
@@ -2239,11 +2201,6 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
  memtable_info.earliest_seqno = cfd->mem()->GetEarliestSequenceNumber();
  memtable_info.num_entries = cfd->mem()->num_entries();
  memtable_info.num_deletes = cfd->mem()->num_deletes();
-  if (!cfd->ioptions()->persist_user_defined_timestamps &&
-      cfd->user_comparator()->timestamp_size() > 0) {
-    const Slice& newest_udt = cfd->mem()->GetNewestUDT();
-    memtable_info.newest_udt.assign(newest_udt.data(), newest_udt.size());
-  }
  // Log this later after lock release. It may be outdated, e.g., if background
  // flush happens before logging, but that should be ok.
  int num_imm_unflushed = cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed();
@@ -2263,15 +2220,14 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
    SequenceNumber seq = versions_->LastSequence();
    new_mem = cfd->ConstructNewMemtable(mutable_cf_options, seq);
    context->superversion_context.NewSuperVersion();
-
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "[%s] New memtable created with log file: #%" PRIu64
-                   ". Immutable memtables: %d.\n",
-                   cfd->GetName().c_str(), new_log_number, num_imm_unflushed);
-    // There should be no concurrent write as the thread is at the front of
-    // writer queue
-    cfd->mem()->ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();
  }
+  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
+                 "[%s] New memtable created with log file: #%" PRIu64
+                 ". Immutable memtables: %d.\n",
+                 cfd->GetName().c_str(), new_log_number, num_imm_unflushed);
+  // There should be no concurrent write as the thread is at the front of
+  // writer queue
+  cfd->mem()->ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();

  mutex_.Lock();
  if (recycle_log_number != 0) {
@@ -2363,8 +2319,8 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
          read_options, write_options, &wal_deletion, &mutex_,
          directories_.GetDbDir());
      if (!s.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
-        error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
-                                  BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+        s = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
+                                      BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
      }
      if (!s.ok()) {
        return s;
@@ -705,7 +705,6 @@ class DBIOCorruptionTest
  DBIOCorruptionTest() : DBIOFailureTest() {
    BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
    options_ = CurrentOptions();
-    options_.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();

    base_env_ = env_;
    EXPECT_NE(base_env_, nullptr);
@@ -728,8 +727,6 @@ class DBIOCorruptionTest

  Status ReopenDB() { return TryReopen(options_); }

-  Statistics* stats() { return options_.statistics.get(); }
-
 protected:
  std::unique_ptr<Env> env_guard_;
  std::shared_ptr<CorruptionFS> fs_;
@@ -752,12 +749,8 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, GetReadCorruptionRetry) {
  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_OK(s);
    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
  } else {
    ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
 }

@@ -780,12 +773,8 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, IterReadCorruptionRetry) {
  }
  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
  } else {
    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->status().IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
  delete iter;
 }
@@ -810,13 +799,9 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, MultiGetReadCorruptionRetry) {
  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_EQ(values[0].ToString(), "val1");
    ASSERT_EQ(values[1].ToString(), "val2");
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
  } else {
    ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[0].IsCorruption());
    ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[1].IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
 }

@@ -833,9 +818,6 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, CompactionReadCorruptionRetry) {
  Status s = dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);

    std::string val;
    ReadOptions ro;
@@ -844,7 +826,6 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, CompactionReadCorruptionRetry) {
    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
  } else {
    ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
 }

@@ -857,9 +838,6 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, FlushReadCorruptionRetry) {
  Status s = Flush();
  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);

    std::string val;
    ReadOptions ro;
@@ -868,7 +846,6 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, FlushReadCorruptionRetry) {
    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
  } else {
    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
 }

@@ -885,12 +862,8 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, ManifestCorruptionRetry) {

  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
    ASSERT_OK(ReopenDB());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
  } else {
    ASSERT_EQ(ReopenDB(), Status::Corruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
  }
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
 }
@@ -192,49 +192,6 @@ TEST_F(DBPropertiesTest, GetAggregatedIntPropertyTest) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(DBPropertiesTest, AggregateBlockCacheProperty) {
-  constexpr size_t kCapacity = 1000;
-  LRUCacheOptions co;
-  co.capacity = kCapacity;
-  co.num_shard_bits = 0;
-  co.metadata_charge_policy = kDontChargeCacheMetadata;
-  auto block_cache = NewLRUCache(co);
-
-  // All columns families share the same block cache.
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_opt;
-  table_opt.no_block_cache = false;
-  table_opt.block_cache = block_cache;
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_opt));
-
-  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"one", "two", "three", "four"}, options);
-
-  // Insert unpinned block to the cache
-  constexpr size_t kSize1 = 100;
-  ASSERT_OK(block_cache->Insert("block1", nullptr /*value*/,
-                                &kNoopCacheItemHelper, kSize1));
-  // Insert pinned block to the cache
-  constexpr size_t kSize2 = 200;
-  Cache::Handle* block2 = nullptr;
-  ASSERT_OK(block_cache->Insert("block2", nullptr /*value*/,
-                                &kNoopCacheItemHelper, kSize2, &block2));
-
-  uint64_t value;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(db_->GetAggregatedIntProperty(DB::Properties::kBlockCacheCapacity,
-                                            &value));
-  ASSERT_EQ(value, kCapacity);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      db_->GetAggregatedIntProperty(DB::Properties::kBlockCacheUsage, &value));
-  ASSERT_EQ(value, kSize1 + kSize2);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(db_->GetAggregatedIntProperty(
-      DB::Properties::kBlockCachePinnedUsage, &value));
-  ASSERT_EQ(value, kSize2);
-
-  block_cache->Release(block2);
-}
-
 namespace {
 void VerifySimilar(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, double bias) {
  ASSERT_EQ(a == 0U, b == 0U);
@@ -1126,6 +1083,7 @@ TEST_F(DBPropertiesTest, EstimateCompressionRatio) {
  ASSERT_GT(CompressionRatioAtLevel(1), 10.0);
 }

+
 class CountingUserTblPropCollector : public TablePropertiesCollector {
 public:
  const char* Name() const override { return "CountingUserTblPropCollector"; }
@@ -2408,6 +2366,7 @@ TEST_F(DBPropertiesTest, TableMetaIndexKeys) {
  } while (ChangeOptions());
 }

+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -3820,10 +3820,6 @@ TEST_F(DBRangeDelTest, RowCache) {
  ASSERT_OK(wb.DeleteRange(Key(1), Key(5)));
  ASSERT_TRUE(db_->Write(WriteOptions(), &wb).IsNotSupported());
  ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(3)), "val");
-  // By default, memtable insertion failure will turn the DB to read-only mode.
-  // The check for delete range should happen before that to fail early
-  // and should not turn db into read-only mdoe.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(5), "foo"));
 }
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

@@ -245,13 +245,7 @@ TEST_P(DBRateLimiterOnReadTest, VerifyChecksum) {
  // In DirectIO, where we support tail prefetching, during table open, we only
  // do 1 read instead of 4 as described above. Actual checksum verification
  // reads stay the same.
-#ifdef OS_WIN
-  // No file system prefetch implemented for OS Win. During table open,
-  // we only do 1 read for BufferedIO.
-  int num_read_per_file = 4;
-#else
  int num_read_per_file = (!use_direct_io_) ? 7 : 4;
-#endif
  int expected = kNumFiles * num_read_per_file;

  ASSERT_EQ(expected, options_.rate_limiter->GetTotalRequests(Env::IO_USER));
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParam, WALTrashCleanupOnOpen) {
      // before restarting the DB.
      // We have to set this on the 2nd to last file for it to delay deletion
      // on the last file. (Quirk of DeleteScheduler::BackgroundEmptyTrash())
-      options.sst_file_manager->SetDeleteRateBytesPerSecond(1);
+      options.sst_file_manager->SetDeleteRateBytesPerSecond(1024 * 1024);
    }
    ASSERT_OK(Put("Key2", DummyString(1024, v)));
    ASSERT_OK(Put("Key3", DummyString(1024, v)));
@@ -5645,8 +5645,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTest, DynamicUniversalCompactionOptions) {
  ASSERT_EQ(
      dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.allow_trivial_move,
      false);
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp,
-            -1);

  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
      {{"compaction_options_universal", "{size_ratio=7;}"}}));
@@ -5668,11 +5666,9 @@ TEST_F(DBTest, DynamicUniversalCompactionOptions) {
  ASSERT_EQ(
      dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.allow_trivial_move,
      false);
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp,
-            -1);

-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions({{"compaction_options_universal",
-                                   "{min_merge_width=11;max_read_amp=0;}"}}));
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
+      {{"compaction_options_universal", "{min_merge_width=11;}"}}));
  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.size_ratio, 7u);
  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.min_merge_width,
            11u);
@@ -5691,8 +5687,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTest, DynamicUniversalCompactionOptions) {
  ASSERT_EQ(
      dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.allow_trivial_move,
      false);
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp,
-            0);
 }

 TEST_F(DBTest, FileCreationRandomFailure) {
@@ -6353,8 +6347,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTest, PromoteL0) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.write_buffer_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
-  // Exercise what was a use-after-free (ASAN failure) under ~VersionSet()
-  options.uncache_aggressiveness = 300;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  // non overlapping ranges
@@ -4154,7 +4154,7 @@ TEST_F(DBTest2, LiveFilesOmitObsoleteFiles) {
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBTest2::LiveFilesOmitObsoleteFiles:FlushTriggered");

  ASSERT_OK(db_->DisableFileDeletions());
-  VectorWalPtr log_files;
+  VectorLogPtr log_files;
  ASSERT_OK(db_->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBTest2::LiveFilesOmitObsoleteFiles:LiveFilesCaptured");
  for (const auto& log_file : log_files) {
@@ -565,11 +565,6 @@ Options DBTestBase::GetOptions(
      options.unordered_write = false;
      break;
    }
-    case kBlockBasedTableWithBinarySearchWithFirstKeyIndex: {
-      table_options.index_type =
-          BlockBasedTableOptions::kBinarySearchWithFirstKey;
-      break;
-    }

    default:
      break;
@@ -276,16 +276,16 @@ class SpecialEnv : public EnvWrapper {
      SpecialEnv* env_;
      std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> base_;
    };
-    class SpecialWalFile : public WritableFile {
+    class WalFile : public WritableFile {
     public:
-      SpecialWalFile(SpecialEnv* env, std::unique_ptr<WritableFile>&& b)
+      WalFile(SpecialEnv* env, std::unique_ptr<WritableFile>&& b)
          : env_(env), base_(std::move(b)) {
        env_->num_open_wal_file_.fetch_add(1);
      }
-      virtual ~SpecialWalFile() { env_->num_open_wal_file_.fetch_add(-1); }
+      virtual ~WalFile() { env_->num_open_wal_file_.fetch_add(-1); }
      Status Append(const Slice& data) override {
 #if !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)
-        TEST_SYNC_POINT("SpecialEnv::SpecialWalFile::Append:1");
+        TEST_SYNC_POINT("SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:1");
 #endif
        Status s;
        if (env_->log_write_error_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class SpecialEnv : public EnvWrapper {
          s = base_->Append(data);
        }
 #if !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)
-        TEST_SYNC_POINT("SpecialEnv::SpecialWalFile::Append:2");
+        TEST_SYNC_POINT("SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:2");
 #endif
        return s;
      }
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class SpecialEnv : public EnvWrapper {
      } else if (strstr(f.c_str(), "MANIFEST") != nullptr) {
        r->reset(new ManifestFile(this, std::move(*r)));
      } else if (strstr(f.c_str(), "log") != nullptr) {
-        r->reset(new SpecialWalFile(this, std::move(*r)));
+        r->reset(new WalFile(this, std::move(*r)));
      } else {
        r->reset(new OtherFile(this, std::move(*r)));
      }
@@ -1041,7 +1041,6 @@ class DBTestBase : public testing::Test {
    kPartitionedFilterWithNewTableReaderForCompactions,
    kUniversalSubcompactions,
    kUnorderedWrite,
-    kBlockBasedTableWithBinarySearchWithFirstKeyIndex,
    // This must be the last line
    kEnd,
  };
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
 #include "rocksdb/file_system.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
-#include "util/defer.h"
 #include "util/udt_util.h"
 #include "utilities/fault_injection_env.h"
 #include "utilities/fault_injection_fs.h"
@@ -271,10 +270,8 @@ TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncWALNotWaitWrite) {
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo3", "bar3"));

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"SpecialEnv::SpecialWalFile::Append:1",
-       "DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1"},
-      {"DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2",
-       "SpecialEnv::SpecialWalFile::Append:2"},
+      {"SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:1", "DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1"},
+      {"DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2", "SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:2"},
  });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

@@ -1472,93 +1469,6 @@ TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncMultipleLogs) {
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SyncWAL());
 }

-TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncWalPartialFailure) {
-  class MyTestFileSystem : public FileSystemWrapper {
-   public:
-    explicit MyTestFileSystem(std::shared_ptr<FileSystem> base)
-        : FileSystemWrapper(std::move(base)) {}
-
-    static const char* kClassName() { return "MyTestFileSystem"; }
-    const char* Name() const override { return kClassName(); }
-    IOStatus NewWritableFile(const std::string& fname,
-                             const FileOptions& file_opts,
-                             std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile>* result,
-                             IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-      IOStatus s = target()->NewWritableFile(fname, file_opts, result, dbg);
-      if (s.ok()) {
-        *result =
-            std::make_unique<MyTestWritableFile>(std::move(*result), *this);
-      }
-      return s;
-    }
-
-    AcqRelAtomic<uint32_t> syncs_before_failure_{UINT32_MAX};
-
-   protected:
-    class MyTestWritableFile : public FSWritableFileOwnerWrapper {
-     public:
-      MyTestWritableFile(std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile>&& file,
-                         MyTestFileSystem& fs)
-          : FSWritableFileOwnerWrapper(std::move(file)), fs_(fs) {}
-
-      IOStatus Sync(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-        int prev_val = fs_.syncs_before_failure_.FetchSub(1);
-        if (prev_val == 0) {
-          return IOStatus::IOError("fault");
-        } else {
-          return target()->Sync(options, dbg);
-        }
-      }
-
-     protected:
-      MyTestFileSystem& fs_;
-    };
-  };
-
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.max_write_buffer_number = 4;
-  options.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest = true;
-  options.max_bgerror_resume_count = 0;  // manual resume
-
-  auto custom_fs =
-      std::make_shared<MyTestFileSystem>(options.env->GetFileSystem());
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> fault_fs_env(NewCompositeEnv(custom_fs));
-  options.env = fault_fs_env.get();
-  Reopen(options);
-  Defer closer([this]() { Close(); });
-
-  // This is the simplest way to get
-  // * one inactive WAL, synced
-  // * one inactive WAL, not synced, and
-  // * one active WAL, not synced
-  // with a single thread, to exercise as much logic as we reasonably can.
-  ASSERT_OK(static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_)->PauseBackgroundWork());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_)->TEST_SwitchMemtable());
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->SyncWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key2", "val2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_)->TEST_SwitchMemtable());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key3", "val3"));
-
-  // Allow 1 of the WALs to sync, but another won't
-  custom_fs->syncs_before_failure_.Store(1);
-  ASSERT_NOK(db_->SyncWAL());
-
-  // Stuck in this state. (This could previously cause a segfault.)
-  ASSERT_NOK(db_->SyncWAL());
-
-  // Can't Resume because WAL write failure is considered non-recoverable,
-  // regardless of the IOStatus itself. (Can/should be fixed?)
-  ASSERT_NOK(db_->Resume());
-
-  // Verify no data loss after reopen.
-  // Also Close() could previously crash in this state.
-  Reopen(options);
-  ASSERT_EQ("val1", Get("key1"));
-  ASSERT_EQ("val2", Get("key2"));
-  ASSERT_EQ("val3", Get("key3"));
-}
-
 // Github issue 1339. Prior the fix we read sequence id from the first log to
 // a local variable, then keep increase the variable as we replay logs,
 // ignoring actual sequence id of the records. This is incorrect if some writes
@@ -250,6 +250,8 @@ void ErrorHandler::CancelErrorRecovery() {
  EndAutoRecovery();
 }

+STATIC_AVOID_DESTRUCTION(const Status, kOkStatus){Status::OK()};
+
 // This is the main function for looking at an error during a background
 // operation and deciding the severity, and error recovery strategy. The high
 // level algorithm is as follows -
@@ -268,11 +270,11 @@ void ErrorHandler::CancelErrorRecovery() {
 // This can also get called as part of a recovery operation. In that case, we
 // also track the error separately in recovery_error_ so we can tell in the
 // end whether recovery succeeded or not
-void ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
-                                     BackgroundErrorReason reason) {
+const Status& ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
+                                              BackgroundErrorReason reason) {
  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
  if (bg_err.ok()) {
-    return;
+    return kOkStatus;
  }

  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log,
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@ void ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
    } else {
      // This error is less severe than previously encountered error. Don't
      // take any further action
-      return;
+      return bg_error_;
    }
  }

@@ -354,6 +356,7 @@ void ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
  if (bg_error_.severity() >= Status::Severity::kHardError) {
    is_db_stopped_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
  }
+  return bg_error_;
 }

 // This is the main function for looking at IO related error during the
@@ -380,14 +383,14 @@ void ErrorHandler::HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
 // 3) for other cases, HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
 //    BackgroundErrorReason reason) will be called to handle other error cases
 //    such as delegating to SstFileManager to handle no space error.
-void ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
-                              BackgroundErrorReason reason) {
+const Status& ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
+                                       BackgroundErrorReason reason) {
  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
  Status tmp_status = bg_status;
  IOStatus bg_io_err = status_to_io_status(std::move(tmp_status));

  if (bg_io_err.ok()) {
-    return;
+    return kOkStatus;
  }
  ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log, "Background IO error %s",
                 bg_io_err.ToString().c_str());
@@ -410,11 +413,11 @@ void ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
    EventHelpers::NotifyOnBackgroundError(db_options_.listeners, reason,
                                          &bg_err, db_mutex_, &auto_recovery);
    recover_context_ = context;
-    return;
-  }
-  if (bg_io_err.subcode() != IOStatus::SubCode::kNoSpace &&
-      (bg_io_err.GetScope() == IOStatus::IOErrorScope::kIOErrorScopeFile ||
-       bg_io_err.GetRetryable())) {
+    return bg_error_;
+  } else if (bg_io_err.subcode() != IOStatus::SubCode::kNoSpace &&
+             (bg_io_err.GetScope() ==
+                  IOStatus::IOErrorScope::kIOErrorScopeFile ||
+              bg_io_err.GetRetryable())) {
    // Second, check if the error is a retryable IO error (file scope IO error
    // is also treated as retryable IO error in RocksDB write path). if it is
    // retryable error and its severity is higher than bg_error_, overwrite the
@@ -423,6 +426,10 @@ void ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
    // IO error as hard error. Note that, all the NoSpace error should be
    // handled by the SstFileManager::StartErrorRecovery(). Therefore, no matter
    // it is retryable or file scope, this logic will be bypassed.
+    bool auto_recovery = false;
+    EventHelpers::NotifyOnBackgroundError(db_options_.listeners, reason,
+                                          &new_bg_io_err, db_mutex_,
+                                          &auto_recovery);

    RecordStats({ERROR_HANDLER_BG_RETRYABLE_IO_ERROR_COUNT},
                {} /* int_histograms */);
@@ -438,13 +445,9 @@ void ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
          db_options_.info_log,
          "ErrorHandler: Compaction will schedule by itself to resume\n");
-      bool auto_recovery = false;
-      EventHelpers::NotifyOnBackgroundError(db_options_.listeners, reason,
-                                            &new_bg_io_err, db_mutex_,
-                                            &auto_recovery);
      // Not used in this code path.
      new_bg_io_err.PermitUncheckedError();
-      return;
+      return bg_error_;
    }

    Status::Severity severity;
@@ -466,14 +469,10 @@ void ErrorHandler::SetBGError(const Status& bg_status,
    Status bg_err(new_bg_io_err, severity);
    CheckAndSetRecoveryAndBGError(bg_err);
    recover_context_ = context;
-    bool auto_recovery = db_options_.max_bgerror_resume_count > 0;
-    EventHelpers::NotifyOnBackgroundError(db_options_.listeners, reason,
-                                          &new_bg_io_err, db_mutex_,
-                                          &auto_recovery);
-    StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(bg_io_err);
-    return;
+    return StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(bg_io_err);
+  } else {
+    return HandleKnownErrors(new_bg_io_err, reason);
  }
-  HandleKnownErrors(new_bg_io_err, reason);
 }

 void ErrorHandler::AddFilesToQuarantine(
@@ -621,23 +620,23 @@ Status ErrorHandler::RecoverFromBGError(bool is_manual) {
  return s;
 }

-void ErrorHandler::StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(
+const Status& ErrorHandler::StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(
    const IOStatus& io_error) {
  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
-  if (bg_error_.ok() || io_error.ok()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (db_options_.max_bgerror_resume_count <= 0 || recovery_in_prog_) {
-    // Auto resume BG error is not enabled
-    return;
-  }
-  if (end_recovery_) {
+  if (bg_error_.ok()) {
+    return bg_error_;
+  } else if (io_error.ok()) {
+    return kOkStatus;
+  } else if (db_options_.max_bgerror_resume_count <= 0 || recovery_in_prog_) {
+    // Auto resume BG error is not enabled, directly return bg_error_.
+    return bg_error_;
+  } else if (end_recovery_) {
    // Can temporarily release db mutex
    EventHelpers::NotifyOnErrorRecoveryEnd(db_options_.listeners, bg_error_,
                                           Status::ShutdownInProgress(),
                                           db_mutex_);
    db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
-    return;
+    return bg_error_;
  }
  RecordStats({ERROR_HANDLER_AUTORESUME_COUNT}, {} /* int_histograms */);
  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
@@ -665,6 +664,12 @@ void ErrorHandler::StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(

  recovery_thread_.reset(
      new port::Thread(&ErrorHandler::RecoverFromRetryableBGIOError, this));
+
+  if (recovery_error_.ok()) {
+    return recovery_error_;
+  } else {
+    return bg_error_;
+  }
 }

 // Automatic recover from Retryable BG IO error. Must be called after db
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class ErrorHandler {
  Status::Severity GetErrorSeverity(BackgroundErrorReason reason,
                                    Status::Code code, Status::SubCode subcode);

-  void SetBGError(const Status& bg_err, BackgroundErrorReason reason);
+  const Status& SetBGError(const Status& bg_err, BackgroundErrorReason reason);

  Status GetBGError() const { return bg_error_; }

@@ -135,10 +135,11 @@ class ErrorHandler {
  // unsorted.
  autovector<uint64_t> files_to_quarantine_;

-  void HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err, BackgroundErrorReason reason);
+  const Status& HandleKnownErrors(const Status& bg_err,
+                                  BackgroundErrorReason reason);
  Status OverrideNoSpaceError(const Status& bg_error, bool* auto_recovery);
  void RecoverFromNoSpace();
-  void StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(const IOStatus& io_error);
+  const Status& StartRecoverFromRetryableBGIOError(const IOStatus& io_error);
  void RecoverFromRetryableBGIOError();
  // First, if it is in recovery and the recovery_error is ok. Set the
  // recovery_error_ to bg_err. Second, if the severity is higher than the
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ TEST_F(DBErrorHandlingFSTest, FlushWALWriteRetryableError) {

  listener->EnableAutoRecovery(false);
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start",
+      "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start",
      [&](void*) { fault_fs_->SetFilesystemActive(false, error_msg); });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ TEST_F(DBErrorHandlingFSTest, FlushWALAtomicWriteRetryableError) {

  listener->EnableAutoRecovery(false);
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start",
+      "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start",
      [&](void*) { fault_fs_->SetFilesystemActive(false, error_msg); });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

@@ -851,17 +851,13 @@ TEST_F(DBErrorHandlingFSTest, DoubleManifestWriteError) {
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  s = Flush();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsNoSpace());
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->TEST_GetBGError().severity(),
-            ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status::Severity::kHardError);
+  ASSERT_EQ(s.severity(), ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status::Severity::kHardError);
  ASSERT_FALSE(dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesToQuarantine().empty());
  fault_fs_->SetFilesystemActive(true);

  // This Resume() will attempt to create a new manifest file and fail again
  s = dbfull()->Resume();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsNoSpace());
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->TEST_GetBGError().severity(),
-            ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status::Severity::kHardError);
+  ASSERT_EQ(s.severity(), ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status::Severity::kHardError);
  ASSERT_FALSE(dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesToQuarantine().empty());
  fault_fs_->SetFilesystemActive(true);
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
@@ -228,18 +228,15 @@ void EventHelpers::NotifyOnErrorRecoveryEnd(
    InstrumentedMutex* db_mutex) {
  if (!listeners.empty()) {
    db_mutex->AssertHeld();
-    // Make copies before releasing mutex to avoid race.
-    Status old_bg_error_cp = old_bg_error;
-    Status new_bg_error_cp = new_bg_error;
    // release lock while notifying events
    db_mutex->Unlock();
    TEST_SYNC_POINT("NotifyOnErrorRecoveryEnd:MutexUnlocked:1");
    TEST_SYNC_POINT("NotifyOnErrorRecoveryEnd:MutexUnlocked:2");
    for (auto& listener : listeners) {
      BackgroundErrorRecoveryInfo info;
-      info.old_bg_error = old_bg_error_cp;
-      info.new_bg_error = new_bg_error_cp;
-      listener->OnErrorRecoveryCompleted(old_bg_error_cp);
+      info.old_bg_error = old_bg_error;
+      info.new_bg_error = new_bg_error;
+      listener->OnErrorRecoveryCompleted(old_bg_error);
      listener->OnErrorRecoveryEnd(info);
      info.old_bg_error.PermitUncheckedError();
      info.new_bg_error.PermitUncheckedError();
@@ -44,12 +44,9 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::Prepare(
      return status;
    }

-    // Files generated in another DB or CF may have a different column family
-    // ID, so we let it pass here.
    if (file_to_ingest.cf_id !=
            TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily &&
-        file_to_ingest.cf_id != cfd_->GetID() &&
-        !ingestion_options_.allow_db_generated_files) {
+        file_to_ingest.cf_id != cfd_->GetID()) {
      return Status::InvalidArgument(
          "External file column family id don't match");
    }
@@ -114,7 +111,6 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::Prepare(
    const std::string path_inside_db = TableFileName(
        cfd_->ioptions()->cf_paths, f.fd.GetNumber(), f.fd.GetPathId());
    if (ingestion_options_.move_files) {
-      assert(!ingestion_options_.allow_db_generated_files);
      status =
          fs_->LinkFile(path_outside_db, path_inside_db, IOOptions(), nullptr);
      if (status.ok()) {
@@ -346,7 +342,8 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::NeedsFlush(bool* flush_needed,
  autovector<UserKeyRange> ranges;
  ranges.reserve(n);
  for (const IngestedFileInfo& file_to_ingest : files_to_ingest_) {
-    ranges.emplace_back(file_to_ingest.start_ukey, file_to_ingest.limit_ukey);
+    ranges.emplace_back(file_to_ingest.smallest_internal_key.user_key(),
+                        file_to_ingest.largest_internal_key.user_key());
  }
  Status status = cfd_->RangesOverlapWithMemtables(
      ranges, super_version, db_options_.allow_data_in_errors, flush_needed);
@@ -708,16 +705,9 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::SanityCheckTableProperties(
  // Get table version
  auto version_iter = uprops.find(ExternalSstFilePropertyNames::kVersion);
  if (version_iter == uprops.end()) {
-    if (!ingestion_options_.allow_db_generated_files) {
-      return Status::Corruption("External file version not found");
-    } else {
-      // 0 is special version for when a file from live DB does not have the
-      // version table property
-      file_to_ingest->version = 0;
-    }
-  } else {
-    file_to_ingest->version = DecodeFixed32(version_iter->second.c_str());
+    return Status::Corruption("External file version not found");
  }
+  file_to_ingest->version = DecodeFixed32(version_iter->second.c_str());

  auto seqno_iter = uprops.find(ExternalSstFilePropertyNames::kGlobalSeqno);
  if (file_to_ingest->version == 2) {
@@ -744,15 +734,8 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::SanityCheckTableProperties(
      return Status::InvalidArgument(
          "External SST file V1 does not support global seqno");
    }
-  } else if (file_to_ingest->version == 0) {
-    // allow_db_generated_files is true
-    assert(seqno_iter == uprops.end());
-    file_to_ingest->original_seqno = 0;
-    file_to_ingest->global_seqno_offset = 0;
  } else {
-    return Status::InvalidArgument("External file version " +
-                                   std::to_string(file_to_ingest->version) +
-                                   " is not supported");
+    return Status::InvalidArgument("External file version is not supported");
  }

  file_to_ingest->cf_id = static_cast<uint32_t>(props->column_family_id);
@@ -914,25 +897,6 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::GetIngestedFileInfo(
  } else if (!iter->status().ok()) {
    return iter->status();
  }
-  if (ingestion_options_.allow_db_generated_files) {
-    // Verify that all keys have seqno zero.
-    // TODO: store largest seqno in table property and validate it instead.
-    for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
-      Status pik_status =
-          ParseInternalKey(iter->key(), &key, allow_data_in_errors);
-      if (!pik_status.ok()) {
-        return Status::Corruption("Corrupted key in external file. ",
-                                  pik_status.getState());
-      }
-      if (key.sequence != 0) {
-        return Status::NotSupported(
-            "External file has a key with non zero sequence number.");
-      }
-    }
-    if (!iter->status().ok()) {
-      return iter->status();
-    }
-  }

  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> range_del_iter(
      table_reader->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(ro));
@@ -948,11 +912,6 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::GetIngestedFileInfo(
        return Status::Corruption("Corrupted key in external file. ",
                                  pik_status.getState());
      }
-      if (key.sequence != 0) {
-        return Status::Corruption(
-            "External file has a range deletion with non zero sequence "
-            "number.");
-      }
      RangeTombstone tombstone(key, range_del_iter->value());

      InternalKey start_key = tombstone.SerializeKey();
@@ -971,17 +930,6 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::GetIngestedFileInfo(
    }
  }

-  const size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
-  Slice smallest = file_to_ingest->smallest_internal_key.user_key();
-  Slice largest = file_to_ingest->largest_internal_key.user_key();
-  if (ts_sz > 0) {
-    AppendUserKeyWithMaxTimestamp(&file_to_ingest->start_ukey, smallest, ts_sz);
-    AppendUserKeyWithMinTimestamp(&file_to_ingest->limit_ukey, largest, ts_sz);
-  } else {
-    file_to_ingest->start_ukey.assign(smallest.data(), smallest.size());
-    file_to_ingest->limit_ukey.assign(largest.data(), largest.size());
-  }
-
  auto s =
      GetSstInternalUniqueId(file_to_ingest->table_properties.db_id,
                             file_to_ingest->table_properties.db_session_id,
@@ -1034,8 +982,9 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::AssignLevelAndSeqnoForIngestedFile(
    if (lvl > 0 && lvl < vstorage->base_level()) {
      continue;
    }
-    if (cfd_->RangeOverlapWithCompaction(file_to_ingest->start_ukey,
-                                         file_to_ingest->limit_ukey, lvl)) {
+    if (cfd_->RangeOverlapWithCompaction(
+            file_to_ingest->smallest_internal_key.user_key(),
+            file_to_ingest->largest_internal_key.user_key(), lvl)) {
      // We must use L0 or any level higher than `lvl` to be able to overwrite
      // the compaction output keys that we overlap with in this level, We also
      // need to assign this file a seqno to overwrite the compaction output
@@ -1045,8 +994,9 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::AssignLevelAndSeqnoForIngestedFile(
    } else if (vstorage->NumLevelFiles(lvl) > 0) {
      bool overlap_with_level = false;
      status = sv->current->OverlapWithLevelIterator(
-          ro, env_options_, file_to_ingest->start_ukey,
-          file_to_ingest->limit_ukey, lvl, &overlap_with_level);
+          ro, env_options_, file_to_ingest->smallest_internal_key.user_key(),
+          file_to_ingest->largest_internal_key.user_key(), lvl,
+          &overlap_with_level);
      if (!status.ok()) {
        return status;
      }
@@ -1087,18 +1037,11 @@ Status ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::AssignLevelAndSeqnoForIngestedFile(
          "Column family enables user-defined timestamps, please make sure the "
          "key range (without timestamp) of external file does not overlap "
          "with key range (without timestamp) in the db");
-      return status;
    }
    if (*assigned_seqno == 0) {
      *assigned_seqno = last_seqno + 1;
    }
  }
-
-  if (ingestion_options_.allow_db_generated_files && *assigned_seqno != 0) {
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(
-        "An ingested file is assigned to a non-zero sequence number, which is "
-        "incompatible with ingestion option allow_db_generated_files.");
-  }
  return status;
 }

@@ -1222,8 +1165,9 @@ bool ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::IngestedFileFitInLevel(
  }

  auto* vstorage = cfd_->current()->storage_info();
-  Slice file_smallest_user_key(file_to_ingest->start_ukey);
-  Slice file_largest_user_key(file_to_ingest->limit_ukey);
+  Slice file_smallest_user_key(
+      file_to_ingest->smallest_internal_key.user_key());
+  Slice file_largest_user_key(file_to_ingest->largest_internal_key.user_key());

  if (vstorage->OverlapInLevel(level, &file_smallest_user_key,
                               &file_largest_user_key)) {
@@ -32,17 +32,6 @@ struct IngestedFileInfo {
  InternalKey smallest_internal_key;
  // Largest internal key in external file
  InternalKey largest_internal_key;
-  // NOTE: use below two fields for all `*Overlap*` types of checks instead of
-  // smallest_internal_key.user_key() and largest_internal_key.user_key().
-  // The smallest / largest user key contained in the file for key range checks.
-  // These could be different from smallest_internal_key.user_key(), and
-  // largest_internal_key.user_key() when user-defined timestamps are enabled,
-  // because the check is about making sure the user key without timestamps part
-  // does not overlap. To achieve that, the smallest user key will be updated
-  // with the maximum timestamp while the largest user key will be updated with
-  // the min timestamp. It's otherwise the same.
-  std::string start_ukey;
-  std::string limit_ukey;
  // Sequence number for keys in external file
  SequenceNumber original_seqno;
  // Offset of the global sequence number field in the file, will
@@ -3358,60 +3358,11 @@ TEST_F(ExternalSSTFileWithTimestampTest, Basic) {

    ASSERT_OK(IngestExternalUDTFile({file4}));

-    for (int k = 200; k < 250; k++) {
-      VerifyValueAndTs(Key(k), EncodeAsUint64(k), Key(k) + "_val",
-                       EncodeAsUint64(k));
-    }
-
    // In UDT mode, any external file that can be successfully ingested also
    // should not overlap with the db. As a result, they can always get the
    // seq 0 assigned.
    ASSERT_EQ(db_->GetLatestSequenceNumber(), seq_num_before_ingestion);

-    // file5.sst (Key(200), ts = 199)
-    // While DB has (Key(200), ts = 200) => user key without timestamp overlaps
-    std::string file5 = sst_files_dir_ + "file5.sst";
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file5));
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        sst_file_writer.Put(Key(200), EncodeAsUint64(199), Key(200) + "_val"));
-
-    ExternalSstFileInfo file5_info;
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file5_info));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IngestExternalUDTFile({file5}).IsInvalidArgument());
-
-    // file6.sst (Key(200), ts = 201)
-    // While DB has (Key(200), ts = 200) => user key without timestamp overlaps
-    std::string file6 = sst_files_dir_ + "file6.sst";
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file6));
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        sst_file_writer.Put(Key(200), EncodeAsUint64(201), Key(0) + "_val"));
-
-    ExternalSstFileInfo file6_info;
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file6_info));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IngestExternalUDTFile({file6}).IsInvalidArgument());
-
-    // Check memtable overlap.
-    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(WriteOptions(), Key(250), EncodeAsUint64(250),
-                            Key(250) + "_val"));
-
-    std::string file7 = sst_files_dir_ + "file7.sst";
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file7));
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        sst_file_writer.Put(Key(250), EncodeAsUint64(249), Key(250) + "_val2"));
-
-    ExternalSstFileInfo file7_info;
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file7_info));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IngestExternalUDTFile({file7}).IsInvalidArgument());
-
-    std::string file8 = sst_files_dir_ + "file8.sst";
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file8));
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        sst_file_writer.Put(Key(250), EncodeAsUint64(251), Key(250) + "_val3"));
-
-    ExternalSstFileInfo file8_info;
-    ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file8_info));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(IngestExternalUDTFile({file8}).IsInvalidArgument());
-
    DestroyAndRecreateExternalSSTFilesDir();
  } while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipFIFOCompaction |
                         kRangeDelSkipConfigs));
@@ -3719,7 +3670,10 @@ TEST_F(ExternalSSTFileWithTimestampTest, TimestampsNotPersistedBasic) {
 }

 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ExternalSSTFileTest, ExternalSSTFileTest,
-                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
+                        testing::Values(std::make_tuple(false, false),
+                                        std::make_tuple(false, true),
+                                        std::make_tuple(true, false),
+                                        std::make_tuple(true, true)));

 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ExternSSTFileLinkFailFallbackTest,
                        ExternSSTFileLinkFailFallbackTest,
@@ -3727,339 +3681,6 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(ExternSSTFileLinkFailFallbackTest,
                                        std::make_tuple(true, true),
                                        std::make_tuple(false, false)));

-class IngestDBGeneratedFileTest : public ExternalSSTFileTestBase,
-                                  public ::testing::WithParamInterface<bool> {
- public:
-  IngestDBGeneratedFileTest() {
-    ingest_opts.allow_db_generated_files = true;
-    ingest_opts.move_files = false;
-    ingest_opts.verify_checksums_before_ingest = GetParam();
-    ingest_opts.snapshot_consistency = false;
-  }
-
- protected:
-  IngestExternalFileOptions ingest_opts;
-};
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BasicMultiConfig, IngestDBGeneratedFileTest,
-                        testing::Bool());
-
-TEST_P(IngestDBGeneratedFileTest, FailureCase) {
-  // Ingesting overlapping data should always fail.
-  do {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("option_config_ = " + std::to_string(option_config_));
-
-    Options options = CurrentOptions();
-    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"toto"}, options);
-    // Fill CFs with overlapping keys. Will try to ingest CF1 into default CF.
-    for (int k = 0; k < 50; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(k), "default_cf_" + Key(k)));
-    }
-    for (int k = 49; k < 100; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(k), "cf1_" + Key(k)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(/*cf=*/1));
-    {
-      // Verify that largest key of the file has non-zero seqno.
-      std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData>> metadata;
-      dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesMetaData(handles_[1], &metadata, nullptr);
-      const FileMetaData& file = metadata[0][0];
-      ValueType vtype;
-      SequenceNumber seq;
-      UnPackSequenceAndType(ExtractInternalKeyFooter(file.largest.Encode()),
-                            &seq, &vtype);
-      ASSERT_GE(seq, 0);
-    }
-    std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> live_meta;
-    db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_meta);
-    ASSERT_EQ(live_meta.size(), 1);
-    std::vector<std::string> to_ingest_files;
-    to_ingest_files.emplace_back(live_meta[0].directory + "/" +
-                                 live_meta[0].relative_filename);
-    // Ingesting a file whose boundary key has non-zero seqno.
-    Status s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(
-        s.ToString().find("External file has non zero sequence number") !=
-        std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-
-    {
-      // Only non-boundary key with non-zero seqno.
-      const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(70), "cf1_" + Key(70)));
-      ASSERT_OK(Flush(1));
-      CompactRangeOptions cro;
-      cro.bottommost_level_compaction =
-          BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized;
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, handles_[1], nullptr, nullptr));
-
-      // Verify that only the non-boundary key of the file has non-zero seqno.
-      std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData>> metadata;
-      // File may be at different level for different options.
-      dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesMetaData(handles_[1], &metadata, nullptr);
-      bool found_file = false;
-      for (const auto& level : metadata) {
-        if (level.empty()) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        ASSERT_FALSE(found_file);
-        found_file = true;
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, level.size());
-        const FileMetaData& file = level[0];
-        ValueType vtype;
-        SequenceNumber seq;
-        UnPackSequenceAndType(ExtractInternalKeyFooter(file.largest.Encode()),
-                              &seq, &vtype);
-        ASSERT_EQ(seq, 0);
-        UnPackSequenceAndType(ExtractInternalKeyFooter(file.smallest.Encode()),
-                              &seq, &vtype);
-        ASSERT_EQ(seq, 0);
-        ASSERT_GT(file.fd.largest_seqno, 0);
-      }
-      ASSERT_TRUE(found_file);
-      live_meta.clear();
-      db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_meta);
-      ASSERT_EQ(live_meta.size(), 1);
-      to_ingest_files[0] =
-          live_meta[0].directory + "/" + live_meta[0].relative_filename;
-      s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-      ASSERT_NOK(s);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(
-          s.ToString().find(
-              "External file has a key with non zero sequence number") !=
-          std::string::npos);
-      db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
-    }
-
-    CompactRangeOptions cro;
-    cro.bottommost_level_compaction =
-        BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized;
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, handles_[1], nullptr, nullptr));
-    live_meta.clear();
-    db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_meta);
-    ASSERT_EQ(live_meta.size(), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, live_meta[0].largest_seqno);
-    to_ingest_files[0] =
-        live_meta[0].directory + "/" + live_meta[0].relative_filename;
-
-    ingest_opts.allow_db_generated_files = false;
-    // Ingesting a DB genrate file with allow_db_generated_files = false;
-    s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.ToString().find("External file version not found") !=
-                std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-
-    const std::string err =
-        "An ingested file is assigned to a non-zero sequence number, which is "
-        "incompatible with ingestion option allow_db_generated_files";
-    ingest_opts.allow_db_generated_files = true;
-    s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.ToString().find(err) != std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    if (options.compaction_style != kCompactionStyleUniversal) {
-      // FIXME: after fixing ingestion with universal compaction, currently
-      //  will always ingest into L0.
-      ingest_opts.fail_if_not_bottommost_level = true;
-      s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-      ASSERT_NOK(s);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(s.ToString().find("Files cannot be ingested to Lmax") !=
-                  std::string::npos);
-      ingest_opts.fail_if_not_bottommost_level = false;
-    }
-    ingest_opts.write_global_seqno = true;
-    s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.ToString().find("write_global_seqno is deprecated and does "
-                                  "not work with allow_db_generated_files") !=
-                std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    ingest_opts.write_global_seqno = false;
-
-    // Delete the overlapping key.
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->Delete(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], Key(49)));
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, handles_[1], nullptr, nullptr));
-    live_meta.clear();
-    db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_meta);
-    bool cf1_file_found = false;
-    for (const auto& f : live_meta) {
-      if (f.column_family_name == "toto") {
-        ASSERT_FALSE(cf1_file_found);
-        cf1_file_found = true;
-        ASSERT_EQ(0, f.largest_seqno);
-        to_ingest_files[0] = f.directory + "/" + f.relative_filename;
-      }
-    }
-    ASSERT_TRUE(cf1_file_found);
-
-    const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
-    ingest_opts.snapshot_consistency = true;
-    s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    // snapshot_consistency with snapshot will assign a newest sequence number.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.ToString().find(err) != std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-
-    ingest_opts.move_files = true;
-    s = db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts);
-    ingest_opts.move_files = false;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(
-        s.ToString().find("Options move_files and allow_db_generated_files are "
-                          "not compatible") != std::string::npos);
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-
-    ingest_opts.snapshot_consistency = false;
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->IngestExternalFile(to_ingest_files, ingest_opts));
-    db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
-
-    // Verify default CF content.
-    std::string val;
-    for (int k = 0; k < 100; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Get(ReadOptions(), Key(k), &val));
-      if (k < 50) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(val, "default_cf_" + Key(k));
-      } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ(val, "cf1_" + Key(k));
-      }
-    }
-  } while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipFIFOCompaction));
-}
-
-class IngestDBGeneratedFileTest2
-    : public ExternalSSTFileTestBase,
-      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool, bool, bool>> {
- public:
-  IngestDBGeneratedFileTest2() = default;
-};
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(VaryingOptions, IngestDBGeneratedFileTest2,
-                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool(),
-                                         testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
-
-TEST_P(IngestDBGeneratedFileTest2, NotOverlapWithDB) {
-  // Use a separate column family to sort some data, generate multiple SST
-  // files. Then ingest these files into another column family or DB. The data
-  // to be ingested does not overlap with existing data.
-  IngestExternalFileOptions ingest_opts;
-  ingest_opts.allow_db_generated_files = true;
-  ingest_opts.move_files = false;
-  ingest_opts.snapshot_consistency = std::get<0>(GetParam());
-  ingest_opts.allow_global_seqno = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-  ingest_opts.allow_blocking_flush = std::get<2>(GetParam());
-  ingest_opts.fail_if_not_bottommost_level = std::get<3>(GetParam());
-
-  do {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("option_config_ = " + std::to_string(option_config_));
-    Options options = CurrentOptions();
-    // vector memtable for temp CF does not support concurrent write
-    options.allow_concurrent_memtable_write = false;
-    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"toto"}, options);
-
-    // non-empty bottommost level
-    WriteOptions wo;
-    for (int k = 0; k < 50; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(wo, handles_[1], Key(k), "base_val_" + Key(k)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-    CompactRangeOptions cro;
-    cro.bottommost_level_compaction =
-        BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized;
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, handles_[1], nullptr, nullptr));
-    // non-empty memtable
-    for (int k = 50; k < 100; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(wo, handles_[1], Key(k), "base_val_" + Key(k)));
-    }
-
-    // load external data to sort, generate multiple files
-    Options temp_cf_opts;
-    ColumnFamilyHandle* temp_cfh;
-    temp_cf_opts.target_file_size_base = 4 << 10;
-    temp_cf_opts.memtable_factory.reset(new VectorRepFactory());
-    temp_cf_opts.allow_concurrent_memtable_write = false;
-    temp_cf_opts.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CreateColumnFamily(temp_cf_opts, "temp_cf", &temp_cfh));
-
-    Random rnd(301);
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_value;
-    expected_value.resize(100);
-    // Out of order insertion of keys from 100 to 199.
-    for (int k = 99; k >= 0; --k) {
-      expected_value[k] = rnd.RandomString(200);
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(wo, temp_cfh, Key(k + 100), expected_value[k]));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, temp_cfh, nullptr, nullptr));
-    std::vector<std::string> sst_file_paths;
-    ColumnFamilyMetaData cf_meta;
-    db_->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(temp_cfh, &cf_meta);
-    ASSERT_GT(cf_meta.file_count, 1);
-    for (const auto& level_meta : cf_meta.levels) {
-      if (level_meta.level + 1 < temp_cf_opts.num_levels) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0, level_meta.files.size());
-      } else {
-        ASSERT_GT(level_meta.files.size(), 1);
-        for (const auto& meta : level_meta.files) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(0, meta.largest_seqno);
-          sst_file_paths.emplace_back(meta.directory + "/" +
-                                      meta.relative_filename);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        db_->IngestExternalFile(handles_[1], sst_file_paths, ingest_opts));
-    // Verify state of the CF1
-    ReadOptions ro;
-    std::string val;
-    for (int k = 0; k < 100; ++k) {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Get(ro, handles_[1], Key(k), &val));
-      ASSERT_EQ(val, "base_val_" + Key(k));
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->Get(ro, handles_[1], Key(100 + k), &val));
-      ASSERT_EQ(val, expected_value[k]);
-    }
-
-    // Ingest into another DB.
-    if (!encrypted_env_) {
-      // Ingestion between encrypted env and non-encrypted env won't work.
-      std::string db2_path = test::PerThreadDBPath("DB2");
-      Options db2_options;
-      db2_options.create_if_missing = true;
-      DB* db2 = nullptr;
-      ASSERT_OK(DB::Open(db2_options, db2_path, &db2));
-      // Write some base data.
-      expected_value.emplace_back(rnd.RandomString(100));
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->Put(WriteOptions(), Key(200), expected_value.back()));
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->CompactRange(cro, nullptr, nullptr));
-      expected_value.emplace_back(rnd.RandomString(100));
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->Put(WriteOptions(), Key(201), expected_value.back()));
-
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->IngestExternalFile({sst_file_paths}, ingest_opts));
-      {
-        std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter{db2->NewIterator(ReadOptions())};
-        iter->SeekToFirst();
-        // The DB should have keys 100-199 from ingested files, and keys 200 and
-        // 201 from itself.
-        for (int k = 100; k <= 201; ++k, iter->Next()) {
-          ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-          ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), Key(k));
-          ASSERT_EQ(iter->value(), expected_value[k - 100]);
-        }
-        ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
-        ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-      }
-
-      // Dropping the original CF should not affect db2, reopening it should not
-      // miss SST files.
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->DropColumnFamily(temp_cfh));
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->DestroyColumnFamilyHandle(temp_cfh));
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->Close());
-      delete db2;
-      ASSERT_OK(DB::Open(db2_options, db2_path, &db2));
-      ASSERT_OK(db2->Close());
-      delete db2;
-      ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(db2_path, db2_options));
-    } else {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->DropColumnFamily(temp_cfh));
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->DestroyColumnFamilyHandle(temp_cfh));
-    }
-  } while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipFIFOCompaction));
-}
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 // file data (or entire files) not protected by a "sync".

 #include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
-#include "db/db_test_util.h"
 #include "db/log_format.h"
 #include "db/version_set.h"
 #include "env/mock_env.h"
@@ -546,6 +545,78 @@ TEST_P(FaultInjectionTest, WriteBatchWalTerminationTest) {
  ASSERT_EQ(db_->Get(ro, "boys", &val), Status::NotFound());
 }

+TEST_P(FaultInjectionTest, NoDuplicateTrailingEntries) {
+  auto fault_fs = std::make_shared<FaultInjectionTestFS>(FileSystem::Default());
+  fault_fs->EnableWriteErrorInjection();
+  fault_fs->SetFilesystemDirectWritable(false);
+  const std::string file_name = NormalizePath(dbname_ + "/test_file");
+  std::unique_ptr<log::Writer> log_writer = nullptr;
+  constexpr uint64_t log_number = 0;
+  {
+    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> file;
+    const Status s =
+        fault_fs->NewWritableFile(file_name, FileOptions(), &file, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_OK(s);
+    std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> fwriter(
+        new WritableFileWriter(std::move(file), file_name, FileOptions()));
+    log_writer.reset(new log::Writer(std::move(fwriter), log_number,
+                                     /*recycle_log_files=*/false));
+  }
+
+  fault_fs->SetRandomWriteError(
+      0xdeadbeef, /*one_in=*/1, IOStatus::IOError("Injected IOError"),
+      /*inject_for_all_file_types=*/true, /*types=*/{});
+
+  {
+    VersionEdit edit;
+    edit.SetColumnFamily(0);
+    std::string buf;
+    assert(edit.EncodeTo(&buf));
+    const Status s = log_writer->AddRecord(WriteOptions(), buf);
+    ASSERT_NOK(s);
+  }
+
+  fault_fs->DisableWriteErrorInjection();
+
+  // Flush remaining data from its buffer to underlying file.
+  ASSERT_OK(log_writer->file()->writable_file()->Sync(IOOptions(),
+                                                      nullptr /* dbg */));
+  // Closing the log writer will cause WritableFileWriter::Close()
+  log_writer.reset();
+
+  {
+    std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file;
+    Status s =
+        fault_fs->NewSequentialFile(file_name, FileOptions(), &file, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_OK(s);
+    std::unique_ptr<SequentialFileReader> freader(
+        new SequentialFileReader(std::move(file), file_name));
+    Status log_read_s;
+    class LogReporter : public log::Reader::Reporter {
+     public:
+      Status* status_;
+      explicit LogReporter(Status* _s) : status_(_s) {}
+      void Corruption(size_t /*bytes*/, const Status& _s) override {
+        if (status_->ok()) {
+          *status_ = _s;
+        }
+      }
+    } reporter(&log_read_s);
+    std::unique_ptr<log::Reader> log_reader(new log::Reader(
+        nullptr, std::move(freader), &reporter, /*checksum=*/true, log_number));
+    Slice record;
+    std::string data;
+    size_t count = 0;
+    while (log_reader->ReadRecord(&record, &data) && log_read_s.ok()) {
+      VersionEdit edit;
+      ASSERT_OK(edit.DecodeFrom(data));
+      ++count;
+    }
+    // Verify that only one version edit exists in the file.
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, count);
+  }
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
    FaultTest, FaultInjectionTest,
    ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(false, kDefault, kEnd),
@@ -558,93 +629,6 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
                      std::make_tuple(false, kSyncWal, kEnd),
                      std::make_tuple(true, kSyncWal, kEnd)));

-class FaultInjectionDBTest : public DBTestBase {
- public:
-  FaultInjectionDBTest()
-      : DBTestBase("fault_injection_fs_test", /*env_do_fsync=*/false) {}
-};
-
-TEST(FaultInjectionFSTest, ReadUnsyncedData) {
-  std::shared_ptr<FaultInjectionTestFS> fault_fs =
-      std::make_shared<FaultInjectionTestFS>(FileSystem::Default());
-  fault_fs->SetInjectUnsyncedDataLoss(true);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(fault_fs->ReadUnsyncedData());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(fault_fs->InjectUnsyncedDataLoss());
-
-  // This is a randomized mini-stress test, to reduce the chances of bugs in
-  // FaultInjectionTestFS being caught only in db_stress, where they are
-  // difficult to debug. ~1000 iterations might be needed to debug relevant
-  // code changes. Limiting to 10 for each regular unit test run.
-  auto seed = Random::GetTLSInstance()->Next();
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++, seed++) {
-    Random rnd(seed);
-    uint32_t len = rnd.Uniform(10000) + 1;
-
-    std::string f =
-        test::PerThreadDBPath("read_unsynced." + std::to_string(seed));
-    std::string data = rnd.RandomString(len);
-
-    // Create partially synced file
-    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> w;
-    ASSERT_OK(fault_fs->NewWritableFile(f, {}, &w, nullptr));
-    uint32_t synced_len = rnd.Uniform(len + 1);
-    ASSERT_OK(w->Append(Slice(data.data(), synced_len), {}, nullptr));
-    if (synced_len > 0) {
-      ASSERT_OK(w->Sync({}, nullptr));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(w->Append(Slice(data.data() + synced_len, len - synced_len), {},
-                        nullptr));
-
-    // Test file size includes unsynced data
-    {
-      uint64_t file_size;
-      ASSERT_OK(fault_fs->GetFileSize(f, {}, &file_size, nullptr));
-      ASSERT_EQ(len, file_size);
-    }
-
-    // Test read file contents, with two reads that probably don't
-    // align with the unsynced split. And maybe a sync or write between
-    // the two reads.
-    std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> r;
-    ASSERT_OK(fault_fs->NewSequentialFile(f, {}, &r, nullptr));
-    uint32_t first_read_len = rnd.Uniform(len + 1);
-    Slice sl;
-    std::unique_ptr<char[]> scratch(new char[first_read_len]);
-    ASSERT_OK(r->Read(first_read_len, {}, &sl, scratch.get(), nullptr));
-    ASSERT_EQ(first_read_len, sl.size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, sl.compare(Slice(data.data(), first_read_len)));
-
-    // Maybe a sync and/or write and/or close between the two reads.
-    if (rnd.OneIn(2)) {
-      ASSERT_OK(w->Sync({}, nullptr));
-    }
-    if (rnd.OneIn(2)) {
-      uint32_t more_len = rnd.Uniform(1000) + 1;
-      std::string more_data = rnd.RandomString(more_len);
-      ASSERT_OK(w->Append(more_data, {}, nullptr));
-      data += more_data;
-      len += more_len;
-    }
-    if (rnd.OneIn(2)) {
-      ASSERT_OK(w->Sync({}, nullptr));
-    }
-    if (rnd.OneIn(2)) {
-      ASSERT_OK(w->Close({}, nullptr));
-      w.reset();
-    }
-
-    // Second read some of, all of, or more than rest of file
-    uint32_t second_read_len = rnd.Uniform(len + 1);
-    scratch.reset(new char[second_read_len]);
-    ASSERT_OK(r->Read(second_read_len, {}, &sl, scratch.get(), nullptr));
-    if (len - first_read_len < second_read_len) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(len - first_read_len, sl.size());
-    } else {
-      ASSERT_EQ(second_read_len, sl.size());
-    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, sl.compare(Slice(data.data() + first_read_len, sl.size())));
-  }
-}
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -115,9 +115,6 @@ FlushJob::FlushJob(
      db_mutex_(db_mutex),
      shutting_down_(shutting_down),
      existing_snapshots_(std::move(existing_snapshots)),
-      earliest_snapshot_(existing_snapshots_.empty()
-                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
-                             : existing_snapshots_.at(0)),
      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_(earliest_write_conflict_snapshot),
      snapshot_checker_(snapshot_checker),
      job_context_(job_context),
@@ -197,7 +194,6 @@ void FlushJob::PickMemTable() {
  // Track effective cutoff user-defined timestamp during flush if
  // user-defined timestamps can be stripped.
  GetEffectiveCutoffUDTForPickedMemTables();
-  GetPrecludeLastLevelMinSeqno();

  ReportFlushInputSize(mems_);

@@ -506,7 +502,7 @@ Status FlushJob::MemPurge() {
    const std::atomic<bool> kManualCompactionCanceledFalse{false};
    CompactionIterator c_iter(
        iter.get(), (cfd_->internal_comparator()).user_comparator(), &merge,
-        kMaxSequenceNumber, &existing_snapshots_, earliest_snapshot_,
+        kMaxSequenceNumber, &existing_snapshots_,
        earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq, snapshot_checker_,
        env, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env, ioptions->stats),
        true /* internal key corruption is not ok */, range_del_agg.get(),
@@ -972,17 +968,14 @@ Status FlushJob::WriteLevel0Table() {
          cfd_->GetID(), cfd_->GetName(), 0 /* level */,
          false /* is_bottommost */, TableFileCreationReason::kFlush,
          oldest_key_time, current_time, db_id_, db_session_id_,
-          0 /* target_file_size */, meta_.fd.GetNumber(),
-          preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ == kMaxSequenceNumber
-              ? preclude_last_level_min_seqno_
-              : std::min(earliest_snapshot_, preclude_last_level_min_seqno_));
+          0 /* target_file_size */, meta_.fd.GetNumber());
      const SequenceNumber job_snapshot_seq =
          job_context_->GetJobSnapshotSequence();

      s = BuildTable(
          dbname_, versions_, db_options_, tboptions, file_options_,
          cfd_->table_cache(), iter.get(), std::move(range_del_iters), &meta_,
-          &blob_file_additions, existing_snapshots_, earliest_snapshot_,
+          &blob_file_additions, existing_snapshots_,
          earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq,
          snapshot_checker_, mutable_cf_options_.paranoid_file_checks,
          cfd_->internal_stats(), &io_s, io_tracer_,
@@ -1161,26 +1154,6 @@ void FlushJob::GetEffectiveCutoffUDTForPickedMemTables() {
  }
 }

-void FlushJob::GetPrecludeLastLevelMinSeqno() {
-  if (cfd_->ioptions()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  int64_t current_time = 0;
-  Status s = db_options_.clock->GetCurrentTime(&current_time);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
-                   "Failed to get current time in Flush: Status: %s",
-                   s.ToString().c_str());
-  } else {
-    SequenceNumber preserve_time_min_seqno;
-    seqno_to_time_mapping_->GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-        static_cast<uint64_t>(current_time),
-        cfd_->ioptions()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-        cfd_->ioptions()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-        &preserve_time_min_seqno, &preclude_last_level_min_seqno_);
-  }
-}
-
 Status FlushJob::MaybeIncreaseFullHistoryTsLowToAboveCutoffUDT() {
  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
  const auto* ucmp = cfd_->user_comparator();
@@ -143,13 +143,6 @@ class FlushJob {
  // `MaybeIncreaseFullHistoryTsLowToAboveCutoffUDT` for details.
  void GetEffectiveCutoffUDTForPickedMemTables();

-  // If this column family enables tiering feature, it will find the current
-  // `preclude_last_level_min_seqno_`, and the smaller one between this and
-  // the `earliset_snapshot_` will later be announced to user property
-  // collectors. It indicates to tiering use cases which data are old enough to
-  // be placed on the last level.
-  void GetPrecludeLastLevelMinSeqno();
-
  Status MaybeIncreaseFullHistoryTsLowToAboveCutoffUDT();

  const std::string& dbname_;
@@ -168,7 +161,6 @@ class FlushJob {
  InstrumentedMutex* db_mutex_;
  std::atomic<bool>* shutting_down_;
  std::vector<SequenceNumber> existing_snapshots_;
-  SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot_;
  SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_;
  SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker_;
  JobContext* job_context_;
@@ -229,12 +221,6 @@ class FlushJob {
  // Keeps track of the newest user-defined timestamp for this flush job if
  // `persist_user_defined_timestamps` flag is false.
  std::string cutoff_udt_;
-
-  // The current minimum seqno that compaction jobs will preclude the data from
-  // the last level. Data with seqnos larger than this or larger than
-  // `earliest_snapshot_` will be output to the penultimate level had it gone
-  // through a compaction to the last level.
-  SequenceNumber preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;
 };

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>

@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {

+
 const std::map<LevelStatType, LevelStat> InternalStats::compaction_level_stats =
    {
        {LevelStatType::NUM_FILES, LevelStat{"NumFiles", "Files"}},
@@ -2135,64 +2135,5 @@ void InternalStats::DumpCFFileHistogram(std::string* value) {
  value->append(oss.str());
 }

-namespace {
-
-class SumPropertyAggregator : public IntPropertyAggregator {
- public:
-  SumPropertyAggregator() : aggregated_value_(0) {}
-  virtual ~SumPropertyAggregator() override = default;
-
-  void Add(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, uint64_t value) override {
-    (void)cfd;
-    aggregated_value_ += value;
-  }
-
-  uint64_t Aggregate() const override { return aggregated_value_; }
-
- private:
-  uint64_t aggregated_value_;
-};
-
-// A block cache may be shared by multiple column families.
-// BlockCachePropertyAggregator ensures that the same cache is only added once.
-class BlockCachePropertyAggregator : public IntPropertyAggregator {
- public:
-  BlockCachePropertyAggregator() = default;
-  virtual ~BlockCachePropertyAggregator() override = default;
-
-  void Add(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, uint64_t value) override {
-    auto* table_factory = cfd->ioptions()->table_factory.get();
-    assert(table_factory != nullptr);
-    Cache* cache =
-        table_factory->GetOptions<Cache>(TableFactory::kBlockCacheOpts());
-    if (cache != nullptr) {
-      block_cache_properties_.emplace(cache, value);
-    }
-  }
-
-  uint64_t Aggregate() const override {
-    uint64_t sum = 0;
-    for (const auto& p : block_cache_properties_) {
-      sum += p.second;
-    }
-    return sum;
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::unordered_map<Cache*, uint64_t> block_cache_properties_;
-};
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-std::unique_ptr<IntPropertyAggregator> CreateIntPropertyAggregator(
-    const Slice& property) {
-  if (property == DB::Properties::kBlockCacheCapacity ||
-      property == DB::Properties::kBlockCacheUsage ||
-      property == DB::Properties::kBlockCachePinnedUsage) {
-    return std::make_unique<BlockCachePropertyAggregator>();
-  } else {
-    return std::make_unique<SumPropertyAggregator>();
-  }
-}

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class InternalStats {
    explicit CompactionStatsFull() : stats(), penultimate_level_stats() {}

    explicit CompactionStatsFull(CompactionReason reason, int c)
-        : stats(reason, c), penultimate_level_stats(reason, c) {}
+        : stats(reason, c), penultimate_level_stats(reason, c){}

    uint64_t TotalBytesWritten() const {
      uint64_t bytes_written = stats.bytes_written + stats.bytes_written_blob;
@@ -873,24 +873,5 @@ class InternalStats {
  uint64_t started_at_;
 };

-// IntPropertyAggregator aggregates an integer property across all column
-// families.
-class IntPropertyAggregator {
- public:
-  IntPropertyAggregator() {}
-  virtual ~IntPropertyAggregator() {}
-
-  IntPropertyAggregator(const IntPropertyAggregator&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const IntPropertyAggregator&) = delete;
-
-  // Add a column family's property value to the aggregator.
-  virtual void Add(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, uint64_t value) = 0;
-
-  // Get the aggregated value.
-  virtual uint64_t Aggregate() const = 0;
-};
-
-std::unique_ptr<IntPropertyAggregator> CreateIntPropertyAggregator(
-    const Slice& property);

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ Writer::~Writer() {

 IOStatus Writer::WriteBuffer(const WriteOptions& write_options) {
  if (dest_->seen_error()) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (dest_->seen_injected_error()) {
-      return IOStatus::IOError("Seen injected error. Skip writing buffer.");
-    }
-#endif  // NDEBUG
    return IOStatus::IOError("Seen error. Skip writing buffer.");
  }
  IOOptions opts;
@@ -79,23 +74,9 @@ IOStatus Writer::Close(const WriteOptions& write_options) {
  return s;
 }

-bool Writer::PublishIfClosed() {
-  if (dest_->IsClosed()) {
-    dest_.reset();
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
 IOStatus Writer::AddRecord(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                           const Slice& slice) {
  if (dest_->seen_error()) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (dest_->seen_injected_error()) {
-      return IOStatus::IOError("Seen injected error. Skip writing buffer.");
-    }
-#endif  // NDEBUG
    return IOStatus::IOError("Seen error. Skip writing buffer.");
  }
  const char* ptr = slice.data();
@@ -203,11 +184,6 @@ IOStatus Writer::AddCompressionTypeRecord(const WriteOptions& write_options) {
  }

  if (dest_->seen_error()) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    if (dest_->seen_injected_error()) {
-      return IOStatus::IOError("Seen injected error. Skip writing buffer.");
-    }
-#endif  // NDEBUG
    return IOStatus::IOError("Seen error. Skip writing buffer.");
  }

@@ -107,11 +107,6 @@ class Writer {

  IOStatus Close(const WriteOptions& write_options);

-  // If closing the writer through file(), call this afterwards to modify
-  // this object's state to reflect that. Returns true if the destination file
-  // has been closed. If it hasn't been closed, returns false with no change.
-  bool PublishIfClosed();
-
  bool BufferIsEmpty();

  size_t TEST_block_offset() const { return block_offset_; }
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
-#include <optional>

 #include "db/dbformat.h"
 #include "db/kv_checksum.h"
@@ -618,9 +617,8 @@ FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator* MemTable::NewRangeTombstoneIteratorInternal(
 }

 void MemTable::ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones() {
-  // There should be no concurrent Construction.
-  // We could also check fragmented_range_tombstone_list_ to avoid repeate
-  // constructions. We just construct them here again to be safe.
+  assert(!IsFragmentedRangeTombstonesConstructed(false));
+  // There should be no concurrent Construction
  if (!is_range_del_table_empty_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
    auto* unfragmented_iter = new MemTableIterator(
@@ -957,9 +955,9 @@ static bool SaveValue(void* arg, const char* entry) {
                                             s->key->user_key())) {
    // Correct user key
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("Memtable::SaveValue:Found:entry", &entry);
-    std::optional<ReadLock> read_lock;
+    std::unique_ptr<ReadLock> read_lock;
    if (s->inplace_update_support) {
-      read_lock.emplace(s->mem->GetLock(s->key->user_key()));
+      read_lock.reset(new ReadLock(s->mem->GetLock(s->key->user_key())));
    }

    if (s->protection_bytes_per_key > 0) {
@@ -534,21 +534,21 @@ class MemTable {
  // Returns a heuristic flush decision
  bool ShouldFlushNow();

-  // Updates `fragmented_range_tombstone_list_` that will be used to serve reads
-  // when this memtable becomes an immutable memtable (in some
-  // MemtableListVersion::memlist_). Should be called when this memtable is
-  // about to become immutable. May be called multiple times since
-  // SwitchMemtable() may fail.
  void ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();

  // Returns whether a fragmented range tombstone list is already constructed
  // for this memtable. It should be constructed right before a memtable is
  // added to an immutable memtable list. Note that if a memtable does not have
-  // any range tombstone, then no range tombstone list will ever be constructed
-  // and true is returned in that case.
-  bool IsFragmentedRangeTombstonesConstructed() const {
-    return fragmented_range_tombstone_list_.get() != nullptr ||
-           is_range_del_table_empty_;
+  // any range tombstone, then no range tombstone list will ever be constructed.
+  // @param allow_empty Specifies whether a memtable with no range tombstone is
+  // considered to have its fragmented range tombstone list constructed.
+  bool IsFragmentedRangeTombstonesConstructed(bool allow_empty = true) const {
+    if (allow_empty) {
+      return fragmented_range_tombstone_list_.get() != nullptr ||
+             is_range_del_table_empty_;
+    } else {
+      return fragmented_range_tombstone_list_.get() != nullptr;
+    }
  }

  // Get the newest user-defined timestamp contained in this MemTable. Check
@@ -235,19 +235,19 @@ void MemTableListVersion::AddIterators(
      SequenceNumber read_seq = options.snapshot != nullptr
                                    ? options.snapshot->GetSequenceNumber()
                                    : kMaxSequenceNumber;
-      std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator> mem_tombstone_iter;
+      TruncatedRangeDelIterator* mem_tombstone_iter = nullptr;
      auto range_del_iter = m->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(
          options, read_seq, true /* immutale_memtable */);
      if (range_del_iter == nullptr || range_del_iter->empty()) {
        delete range_del_iter;
      } else {
-        mem_tombstone_iter = std::make_unique<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>(
+        mem_tombstone_iter = new TruncatedRangeDelIterator(
            std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(range_del_iter),
            &m->GetInternalKeyComparator(), nullptr /* smallest */,
            nullptr /* largest */);
      }
-      merge_iter_builder->AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(
-          mem_iter, std::move(mem_tombstone_iter));
+      merge_iter_builder->AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(mem_iter,
+                                                       mem_tombstone_iter);
    }
  }
 }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class MultiCfIteratorImpl {
  void Next() {
    assert(Valid());
    auto& min_heap = GetHeap<MultiCfMinHeap>([this]() {
-      std::string target(key().data(), key().size());
+      Slice target = key();
      InitMinHeap();
      Seek(target);
    });
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class MultiCfIteratorImpl {
  void Prev() {
    assert(Valid());
    auto& max_heap = GetHeap<MultiCfMaxHeap>([this]() {
-      std::string target(key().data(), key().size());
+      Slice target = key();
      InitMaxHeap();
      SeekForPrev(target);
    });
@@ -198,15 +198,8 @@ class MultiCfIteratorImpl {

  template <typename BinaryHeap, typename AdvanceFuncType>
  void AdvanceIterator(BinaryHeap& heap, AdvanceFuncType advance_func) {
+    assert(!heap.empty());
    reset_func_();
-    // It is possible for one or more child iters are at invalid keys due to
-    // manual prefix iteration. For such cases, we consider the result of the
-    // multi-cf-iter is also undefined.
-    // https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Prefix-Seek#manual-prefix-iterating
-    // for details about manual prefix iteration
-    if (heap.empty()) {
-      return;
-    }

    // 1. Keep the top iterator (by popping it from the heap)
    // 2. Make sure all others have iterated past the top iterator key slice
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@
 #include "table/internal_iterator.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+struct FragmentedRangeTombstoneList;
+
+struct FragmentedRangeTombstoneListCache {
+  // ensure only the first reader needs to initialize l
+  std::mutex reader_mutex;
+  std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneList> tombstones = nullptr;
+  // readers will first check this bool to avoid
+  std::atomic<bool> initialized = false;
+};
+
 struct FragmentedRangeTombstoneList {
 public:
  // A compact representation of a "stack" of range tombstone fragments, which
@@ -114,14 +124,6 @@ struct FragmentedRangeTombstoneList {
  uint64_t total_tombstone_payload_bytes_;
 };

-struct FragmentedRangeTombstoneListCache {
-  // ensure only the first reader needs to initialize l
-  std::mutex reader_mutex;
-  std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneList> tombstones = nullptr;
-  // readers will first check this bool to avoid
-  std::atomic<bool> initialized = false;
-};
-
 // FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator converts an InternalIterator of a range-del
 // meta block into an iterator over non-overlapping tombstone fragments. The
 // tombstone fragmentation process should be more efficient than the range
@@ -480,10 +480,9 @@ class Repairer {
          dbname_, /* versions */ nullptr, immutable_db_options_, tboptions,
          file_options_, table_cache_.get(), iter.get(),
          std::move(range_del_iters), &meta, nullptr /* blob_file_additions */,
-          {}, kMaxSequenceNumber, kMaxSequenceNumber, kMaxSequenceNumber,
-          snapshot_checker, false /* paranoid_file_checks*/,
-          nullptr /* internal_stats */, &io_s, nullptr /*IOTracer*/,
-          BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
+          {}, kMaxSequenceNumber, kMaxSequenceNumber, snapshot_checker,
+          false /* paranoid_file_checks*/, nullptr /* internal_stats */, &io_s,
+          nullptr /*IOTracer*/, BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
          nullptr /* seqno_to_time_mapping */, nullptr /* event_logger */,
          0 /* job_id */, nullptr /* table_properties */, write_hint);
      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log,
@@ -69,36 +69,6 @@ SequenceNumber SeqnoToTimeMapping::GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(
  return it->seqno;
 }

-void SeqnoToTimeMapping::GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-    uint64_t current_time, uint64_t preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-    uint64_t preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-    SequenceNumber* preserve_time_min_seqno,
-    SequenceNumber* preclude_last_level_min_seqno) const {
-  uint64_t preserve_time_duration = std::max(preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-                                             preclude_last_level_data_seconds);
-  if (preserve_time_duration <= 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  uint64_t preserve_time = current_time > preserve_time_duration
-                               ? current_time - preserve_time_duration
-                               : 0;
-  // GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime tells us the last seqno known to have been
-  // written at or before the given time. + 1 to get the minimum we should
-  // preserve without excluding anything that might have been written on or
-  // after the given time.
-  if (preserve_time_min_seqno) {
-    *preserve_time_min_seqno = GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(preserve_time) + 1;
-  }
-  if (preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0 && preclude_last_level_min_seqno) {
-    uint64_t preclude_last_level_time =
-        current_time > preclude_last_level_data_seconds
-            ? current_time - preclude_last_level_data_seconds
-            : 0;
-    *preclude_last_level_min_seqno =
-        GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(preclude_last_level_time) + 1;
-  }
-}
-
 void SeqnoToTimeMapping::EnforceMaxTimeSpan(uint64_t now) {
  assert(enforced_);  // at least sorted
  uint64_t cutoff_time;
@@ -213,15 +213,6 @@ class SeqnoToTimeMapping {
  // must be in enforced state as a precondition.
  SequenceNumber GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(uint64_t time) const;

-  // Given current time, the configured `preserve_internal_time_seconds`, and
-  // `preclude_last_level_data_seconds`, find the relevant cutoff sequence
-  // numbers for tiering.
-  void GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-      uint64_t current_time, uint64_t preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-      uint64_t preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-      SequenceNumber* preserve_time_min_seqno,
-      SequenceNumber* preclude_last_level_min_seqno) const;
-
  // Encode to a binary string by appending to `dest`.
  // Because this is a const operation depending on sortedness, the structure
  // must be in enforced state as a precondition.
@@ -163,11 +163,6 @@ Status TableCache::GetTableReader(
  return s;
 }

-Cache::Handle* TableCache::Lookup(Cache* cache, uint64_t file_number) {
-  Slice key = GetSliceForFileNumber(&file_number);
-  return cache->Lookup(key);
-}
-
 Status TableCache::FindTable(
    const ReadOptions& ro, const FileOptions& file_options,
    const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator,
@@ -230,7 +225,7 @@ InternalIterator* TableCache::NewIterator(
    const InternalKey* smallest_compaction_key,
    const InternalKey* largest_compaction_key, bool allow_unprepared_value,
    uint8_t block_protection_bytes_per_key, const SequenceNumber* read_seqno,
-    std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* range_del_iter) {
+    TruncatedRangeDelIterator** range_del_iter) {
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(new_table_iterator_nanos);

  Status s;
@@ -285,7 +280,7 @@ InternalIterator* TableCache::NewIterator(
        delete new_range_del_iter;
        *range_del_iter = nullptr;
      } else {
-        *range_del_iter = std::make_unique<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>(
+        *range_del_iter = new TruncatedRangeDelIterator(
            std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(
                new_range_del_iter),
            &icomparator, &file_meta.smallest, &file_meta.largest);
@@ -732,14 +727,4 @@ uint64_t TableCache::ApproximateSize(

  return result;
 }
-
-void TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(Cache* cache, Cache::Handle* h,
-                                 uint32_t uncache_aggressiveness) {
-  CacheInterface typed_cache(cache);
-  TypedHandle* table_handle = reinterpret_cast<TypedHandle*>(h);
-  TableReader* table_reader = typed_cache.Value(table_handle);
-  table_reader->MarkObsolete(uncache_aggressiveness);
-  typed_cache.ReleaseAndEraseIfLastRef(table_handle);
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class TableCache {
      const InternalKey* largest_compaction_key, bool allow_unprepared_value,
      uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key,
      const SequenceNumber* range_del_read_seqno = nullptr,
-      std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* range_del_iter = nullptr);
+      TruncatedRangeDelIterator** range_del_iter = nullptr);

  // If a seek to internal key "k" in specified file finds an entry,
  // call get_context->SaveValue() repeatedly until
@@ -165,14 +165,6 @@ class TableCache {
  // Evict any entry for the specified file number
  static void Evict(Cache* cache, uint64_t file_number);

-  // Handles releasing, erasing, etc. of what should be the last reference
-  // to an obsolete file.
-  static void ReleaseObsolete(Cache* cache, Cache::Handle* handle,
-                              uint32_t uncache_aggressiveness);
-
-  // Return handle to an existing cache entry if there is one
-  static Cache::Handle* Lookup(Cache* cache, uint64_t file_number);
-
  // Find table reader
  // @param skip_filters Disables loading/accessing the filter block
  // @param level == -1 means not specified
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ class InternalTblPropCollFactory {
  virtual ~InternalTblPropCollFactory() {}
  // has to be thread-safe
  virtual InternalTblPropColl* CreateInternalTblPropColl(
-      uint32_t column_family_id, int level_at_creation, int num_levels,
-      SequenceNumber last_level_inclusive_max_seqno_threshold =
-          kMaxSequenceNumber) = 0;
+      uint32_t column_family_id, int level_at_creation) = 0;

  // The name of the properties collector can be used for debugging purpose.
  virtual const char* Name() const = 0;
@@ -94,15 +92,10 @@ class UserKeyTablePropertiesCollectorFactory
      std::shared_ptr<TablePropertiesCollectorFactory> user_collector_factory)
      : user_collector_factory_(user_collector_factory) {}
  InternalTblPropColl* CreateInternalTblPropColl(
-      uint32_t column_family_id, int level_at_creation, int num_levels,
-      SequenceNumber last_level_inclusive_max_seqno_threshold =
-          kMaxSequenceNumber) override {
+      uint32_t column_family_id, int level_at_creation) override {
    TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context context;
    context.column_family_id = column_family_id;
    context.level_at_creation = level_at_creation;
-    context.num_levels = num_levels;
-    context.last_level_inclusive_max_seqno_threshold =
-        last_level_inclusive_max_seqno_threshold;
    TablePropertiesCollector* collector =
        user_collector_factory_->CreateTablePropertiesCollector(context);
    if (collector) {
@@ -209,9 +209,7 @@ class RegularKeysStartWithAFactory : public InternalTblPropCollFactory,
    }
  }
  InternalTblPropColl* CreateInternalTblPropColl(
-      uint32_t /*column_family_id*/, int /* level_at_creation */,
-      int /* num_levels */,
-      SequenceNumber /* last_level_inclusive_max_seqno_threshold */) override {
+      uint32_t /*column_family_id*/, int /* level_at_creation */) override {
    return new RegularKeysStartWithAInternal();
  }
  const char* Name() const override { return "RegularKeysStartWithA"; }
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ TransactionLogIteratorImpl::TransactionLogIteratorImpl(
    const std::string& dir, const ImmutableDBOptions* options,
    const TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions& read_options,
    const EnvOptions& soptions, const SequenceNumber seq,
-    std::unique_ptr<VectorWalPtr> files, VersionSet const* const versions,
+    std::unique_ptr<VectorLogPtr> files, VersionSet const* const versions,
    const bool seq_per_batch, const std::shared_ptr<IOTracer>& io_tracer)
    : dir_(dir),
      options_(options),
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ TransactionLogIteratorImpl::TransactionLogIteratorImpl(
 }

 Status TransactionLogIteratorImpl::OpenLogFile(
-    const WalFile* log_file,
+    const LogFile* log_file,
    std::unique_ptr<SequentialFileReader>* file_reader) {
  FileSystemPtr fs(options_->fs, io_tracer_);
  std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file;
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ void TransactionLogIteratorImpl::UpdateCurrentWriteBatch(const Slice& record) {
  current_status_ = Status::OK();
 }

-Status TransactionLogIteratorImpl::OpenLogReader(const WalFile* log_file) {
+Status TransactionLogIteratorImpl::OpenLogReader(const LogFile* log_file) {
  std::unique_ptr<SequentialFileReader> file;
  Status s = OpenLogFile(log_file, &file);
  if (!s.ok()) {
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {

-class WalFileImpl : public WalFile {
+class LogFileImpl : public LogFile {
 public:
-  WalFileImpl(uint64_t logNum, WalFileType logType, SequenceNumber startSeq,
+  LogFileImpl(uint64_t logNum, WalFileType logType, SequenceNumber startSeq,
              uint64_t sizeBytes)
      : logNumber_(logNum),
        type_(logType),
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class WalFileImpl : public WalFile {

  uint64_t SizeFileBytes() const override { return sizeFileBytes_; }

-  bool operator<(const WalFile& that) const {
+  bool operator<(const LogFile& that) const {
    return LogNumber() < that.LogNumber();
  }

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class TransactionLogIteratorImpl : public TransactionLogIterator {
      const std::string& dir, const ImmutableDBOptions* options,
      const TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions& read_options,
      const EnvOptions& soptions, const SequenceNumber seqNum,
-      std::unique_ptr<VectorWalPtr> files, VersionSet const* const versions,
+      std::unique_ptr<VectorLogPtr> files, VersionSet const* const versions,
      const bool seq_per_batch, const std::shared_ptr<IOTracer>& io_tracer);

  bool Valid() override;
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class TransactionLogIteratorImpl : public TransactionLogIterator {
  const TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions read_options_;
  const EnvOptions& soptions_;
  SequenceNumber starting_sequence_number_;
-  std::unique_ptr<VectorWalPtr> files_;
+  std::unique_ptr<VectorLogPtr> files_;
  // Used only to get latest seq. num
  // TODO(icanadi) can this be just a callback?
  VersionSet const* const versions_;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class TransactionLogIteratorImpl : public TransactionLogIterator {
  std::unique_ptr<WriteBatch> current_batch_;
  std::unique_ptr<log::Reader> current_log_reader_;
  std::string scratch_;
-  Status OpenLogFile(const WalFile* log_file,
+  Status OpenLogFile(const LogFile* log_file,
                     std::unique_ptr<SequentialFileReader>* file);

  struct LogReporter : public log::Reader::Reporter {
@@ -123,6 +123,6 @@ class TransactionLogIteratorImpl : public TransactionLogIterator {
  bool IsBatchExpected(const WriteBatch* batch, SequenceNumber expected_seq);
  // Update current batch if a continuous batch is found.
  void UpdateCurrentWriteBatch(const Slice& record);
-  Status OpenLogReader(const WalFile* file);
+  Status OpenLogReader(const LogFile* file);
 };
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ bool VersionEdit::EncodeTo(std::string* dst,
      char p = static_cast<char>(0);
      PutLengthPrefixedSlice(dst, Slice(&p, 1));
    }
+
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("VersionEdit::EncodeTo:NewFile4:CustomizeFields",
                             dst);

@@ -364,15 +364,14 @@ class DumpManifestHandler : public VersionEditHandler {

  Status ApplyVersionEdit(VersionEdit& edit, ColumnFamilyData** cfd) override {
    // Write out each individual edit
-    if (json_) {
+    if (verbose_ && !json_) {
      // Print out DebugStrings. Can include non-terminating null characters.
-      std::string edit_dump_str = edit.DebugJSON(count_, hex_);
-      fwrite(edit_dump_str.data(), sizeof(char), edit_dump_str.size(), stdout);
-      fwrite("\n", sizeof(char), 1, stdout);
-    } else if (verbose_) {
+      fwrite(edit.DebugString(hex_).data(), sizeof(char),
+             edit.DebugString(hex_).size(), stdout);
+    } else if (json_) {
      // Print out DebugStrings. Can include non-terminating null characters.
-      std::string edit_dump_str = edit.DebugString(hex_);
-      fwrite(edit_dump_str.data(), sizeof(char), edit_dump_str.size(), stdout);
+      fwrite(edit.DebugString(hex_).data(), sizeof(char),
+             edit.DebugString(hex_).size(), stdout);
    }
    ++count_;
    return VersionEditHandler::ApplyVersionEdit(edit, cfd);
@@ -857,14 +857,10 @@ Version::~Version() {
      f->refs--;
      if (f->refs <= 0) {
        assert(cfd_ != nullptr);
-        // When not in the process of closing the DB, we'll have a superversion
-        // to get current mutable options from
-        auto* sv = cfd_->GetSuperVersion();
        uint32_t path_id = f->fd.GetPathId();
        assert(path_id < cfd_->ioptions()->cf_paths.size());
        vset_->obsolete_files_.emplace_back(
            f, cfd_->ioptions()->cf_paths[path_id].path,
-            sv ? sv->mutable_cf_options.uncache_aggressiveness : 0,
            cfd_->GetFileMetadataCacheReservationManager());
      }
    }
@@ -976,8 +972,7 @@ class LevelIterator final : public InternalIterator {
      const std::vector<AtomicCompactionUnitBoundary>* compaction_boundaries =
          nullptr,
      bool allow_unprepared_value = false,
-      std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>*** range_tombstone_iter_ptr_ =
-          nullptr)
+      TruncatedRangeDelIterator**** range_tombstone_iter_ptr_ = nullptr)
      : table_cache_(table_cache),
        read_options_(read_options),
        file_options_(file_options),
@@ -1117,8 +1112,9 @@ class LevelIterator final : public InternalIterator {
  }

  void ClearRangeTombstoneIter() {
-    if (range_tombstone_iter_) {
-      range_tombstone_iter_->reset();
+    if (range_tombstone_iter_ && *range_tombstone_iter_) {
+      delete *range_tombstone_iter_;
+      *range_tombstone_iter_ = nullptr;
    }
  }

@@ -1201,7 +1197,7 @@ class LevelIterator final : public InternalIterator {
  // iterator end).
  //
  // *range_tombstone_iter_ points to range tombstones of the current SST file
-  std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* range_tombstone_iter_;
+  TruncatedRangeDelIterator** range_tombstone_iter_;

  // The sentinel key to be returned
  Slice sentinel_;
@@ -1280,9 +1276,11 @@ void LevelIterator::Seek(const Slice& target) {
                                          ts_sz);
      if (prefix_extractor_->InDomain(target_user_key_without_ts) &&
          (!prefix_extractor_->InDomain(next_file_first_user_key_without_ts) ||
-           prefix_extractor_->Transform(target_user_key_without_ts)
-                   .compare(prefix_extractor_->Transform(
-                       next_file_first_user_key_without_ts)) != 0)) {
+           user_comparator_.CompareWithoutTimestamp(
+               prefix_extractor_->Transform(target_user_key_without_ts), false,
+               prefix_extractor_->Transform(
+                   next_file_first_user_key_without_ts),
+               false) != 0)) {
        // SkipEmptyFileForward() will not advance to next file when this flag
        // is set for reason detailed below.
        //
@@ -1927,7 +1925,7 @@ InternalIterator* Version::TEST_GetLevelIterator(
    int level, bool allow_unprepared_value) {
  auto* arena = merge_iter_builder->GetArena();
  auto* mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(LevelIterator));
-  std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>** tombstone_iter_ptr = nullptr;
+  TruncatedRangeDelIterator*** tombstone_iter_ptr = nullptr;
  auto level_iter = new (mem) LevelIterator(
      cfd_->table_cache(), read_options, file_options_,
      cfd_->internal_comparator(), &storage_info_.LevelFilesBrief(level),
@@ -2027,7 +2025,7 @@ void Version::AddIteratorsForLevel(const ReadOptions& read_options,
  auto* arena = merge_iter_builder->GetArena();
  if (level == 0) {
    // Merge all level zero files together since they may overlap
-    std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator> tombstone_iter = nullptr;
+    TruncatedRangeDelIterator* tombstone_iter = nullptr;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < storage_info_.LevelFilesBrief(0).num_files; i++) {
      const auto& file = storage_info_.LevelFilesBrief(0).files[i];
      auto table_iter = cfd_->table_cache()->NewIterator(
@@ -2044,8 +2042,8 @@ void Version::AddIteratorsForLevel(const ReadOptions& read_options,
      if (read_options.ignore_range_deletions) {
        merge_iter_builder->AddIterator(table_iter);
      } else {
-        merge_iter_builder->AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(
-            table_iter, std::move(tombstone_iter));
+        merge_iter_builder->AddPointAndTombstoneIterator(table_iter,
+                                                         tombstone_iter);
      }
    }
    if (should_sample) {
@@ -2062,7 +2060,7 @@ void Version::AddIteratorsForLevel(const ReadOptions& read_options,
    // walks through the non-overlapping files in the level, opening them
    // lazily.
    auto* mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(LevelIterator));
-    std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>** tombstone_iter_ptr = nullptr;
+    TruncatedRangeDelIterator*** tombstone_iter_ptr = nullptr;
    auto level_iter = new (mem) LevelIterator(
        cfd_->table_cache(), read_options, soptions,
        cfd_->internal_comparator(), &storage_info_.LevelFilesBrief(level),
@@ -3503,10 +3501,6 @@ void VersionStorageInfo::ComputeCompactionScore(
          score = kScoreForNeedCompaction;
        }
      } else {
-        // For universal compaction, if a user configures `max_read_amp`, then
-        // the score may be a false positive signal.
-        // `level0_file_num_compaction_trigger` is used as a trigger to check
-        // if there is any compaction work to do.
        score = static_cast<double>(num_sorted_runs) /
                mutable_cf_options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
        if (compaction_style_ == kCompactionStyleLevel && num_levels() > 1) {
@@ -5194,21 +5188,13 @@ Status VersionSet::Close(FSDirectory* db_dir, InstrumentedMutex* mu) {
 }

 VersionSet::~VersionSet() {
-  // Must clean up column families to make all files "obsolete"
+  // we need to delete column_family_set_ because its destructor depends on
+  // VersionSet
  column_family_set_.reset();
-
  for (auto& file : obsolete_files_) {
    if (file.metadata->table_reader_handle) {
-      // NOTE: DB is shutting down, so file is probably not obsolete, just
-      // no longer referenced by Versions in memory.
-      // For more context, see comment on "table_cache_->EraseUnRefEntries()"
-      // in DBImpl::CloseHelper().
-      // Using uncache_aggressiveness=0 overrides any previous marking to
-      // attempt to uncache the file's blocks (which after cleaning up
-      // column families could cause use-after-free)
-      TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(table_cache_,
-                                  file.metadata->table_reader_handle,
-                                  /*uncache_aggressiveness=*/0);
+      table_cache_->Release(file.metadata->table_reader_handle);
+      TableCache::Evict(table_cache_, file.metadata->fd.GetNumber());
    }
    file.DeleteMetadata();
  }
@@ -5508,7 +5494,6 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
  Status s;
  IOStatus io_s;
  IOStatus manifest_io_status;
-  std::unique_ptr<log::Writer> new_desc_log_ptr;
  {
    FileOptions opt_file_opts = fs_->OptimizeForManifestWrite(file_options_);
    mu->Unlock();
@@ -5537,7 +5522,6 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
      }
    }

-    log::Writer* raw_desc_log_ptr = descriptor_log_.get();
    if (s.ok() && new_descriptor_log) {
      // This is fine because everything inside of this block is serialized --
      // only one thread can be here at the same time
@@ -5559,14 +5543,12 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
            db_options_->listeners, nullptr,
            tmp_set.Contains(FileType::kDescriptorFile),
            tmp_set.Contains(FileType::kDescriptorFile)));
-        new_desc_log_ptr.reset(
+        descriptor_log_.reset(
            new log::Writer(std::move(file_writer), 0, false));
-        raw_desc_log_ptr = new_desc_log_ptr.get();
        s = WriteCurrentStateToManifest(write_options, curr_state,
-                                        wal_additions, raw_desc_log_ptr, io_s);
-        assert(s == io_s);
-      }
-      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+                                        wal_additions, descriptor_log_.get(),
+                                        io_s);
+      } else {
        manifest_io_status = io_s;
        s = io_s;
      }
@@ -5609,7 +5591,7 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
        }
        ++idx;
 #endif /* !NDEBUG */
-        io_s = raw_desc_log_ptr->AddRecord(write_options, record);
+        io_s = descriptor_log_->AddRecord(write_options, record);
        if (!io_s.ok()) {
          s = io_s;
          manifest_io_status = io_s;
@@ -5619,7 +5601,7 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(

      if (s.ok()) {
        io_s =
-            SyncManifest(db_options_, write_options, raw_desc_log_ptr->file());
+            SyncManifest(db_options_, write_options, descriptor_log_->file());
        manifest_io_status = io_s;
        TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
            "VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites:AfterSyncManifest", &io_s);
@@ -5652,7 +5634,7 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(

    if (s.ok()) {
      // find offset in manifest file where this version is stored.
-      new_manifest_file_size = raw_desc_log_ptr->file()->GetFileSize();
+      new_manifest_file_size = descriptor_log_->file()->GetFileSize();
    }

    if (first_writer.edit_list.front()->IsColumnFamilyDrop()) {
@@ -5698,7 +5680,6 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
  // Append the old manifest file to the obsolete_manifest_ list to be deleted
  // by PurgeObsoleteFiles later.
  if (s.ok() && new_descriptor_log) {
-    descriptor_log_ = std::move(new_desc_log_ptr);
    obsolete_manifests_.emplace_back(
        DescriptorFileName("", manifest_file_number_));
  }
@@ -5776,7 +5757,6 @@ Status VersionSet::ProcessManifestWrites(
    // corrupted. So we need to force the next version update to start a
    // new manifest file.
    descriptor_log_.reset();
-    new_desc_log_ptr.reset();
    // If manifest operations failed, then we know the CURRENT file still
    // points to the original MANIFEST. Therefore, we can safely delete the
    // new MANIFEST.
@@ -7082,8 +7062,8 @@ InternalIterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(
  // that will be initialized to where CompactionMergingIterator stores
  // pointer to its range tombstones. This is used by LevelIterator
  // to update pointer to range tombstones as it traverse different SST files.
-  std::vector<std::pair<std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>,
-                        std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>**>>
+  std::vector<
+      std::pair<TruncatedRangeDelIterator*, TruncatedRangeDelIterator***>>
      range_tombstones;
  size_t num = 0;
  for (size_t which = 0; which < c->num_input_levels(); which++) {
@@ -7105,8 +7085,7 @@ InternalIterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(
                  *end, fmd.smallest.user_key()) < 0) {
            continue;
          }
-          std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator> range_tombstone_iter =
-              nullptr;
+          TruncatedRangeDelIterator* range_tombstone_iter = nullptr;
          list[num++] = cfd->table_cache()->NewIterator(
              read_options, file_options_compactions,
              cfd->internal_comparator(), fmd, range_del_agg,
@@ -7123,13 +7102,11 @@ InternalIterator* VersionSet::MakeInputIterator(
              c->mutable_cf_options()->block_protection_bytes_per_key,
              /*range_del_read_seqno=*/nullptr,
              /*range_del_iter=*/&range_tombstone_iter);
-          range_tombstones.emplace_back(std::move(range_tombstone_iter),
-                                        nullptr);
+          range_tombstones.emplace_back(range_tombstone_iter, nullptr);
        }
      } else {
        // Create concatenating iterator for the files from this level
-        std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>** tombstone_iter_ptr =
-            nullptr;
+        TruncatedRangeDelIterator*** tombstone_iter_ptr = nullptr;
        list[num++] = new LevelIterator(
            cfd->table_cache(), read_options, file_options_compactions,
            cfd->internal_comparator(), c->input_levels(which),
@@ -797,20 +797,16 @@ struct ObsoleteFileInfo {
  // the file, usually because the file is trivial moved so two FileMetadata
  // is managing the file.
  bool only_delete_metadata = false;
-  // To apply to this file
-  uint32_t uncache_aggressiveness = 0;

  ObsoleteFileInfo() noexcept
      : metadata(nullptr), only_delete_metadata(false) {}
  ObsoleteFileInfo(FileMetaData* f, const std::string& file_path,
-                   uint32_t _uncache_aggressiveness,
                   std::shared_ptr<CacheReservationManager>
                       file_metadata_cache_res_mgr_arg = nullptr)
      : metadata(f),
        path(file_path),
-        uncache_aggressiveness(_uncache_aggressiveness),
-        file_metadata_cache_res_mgr(
-            std::move(file_metadata_cache_res_mgr_arg)) {}
+        only_delete_metadata(false),
+        file_metadata_cache_res_mgr(file_metadata_cache_res_mgr_arg) {}

  ObsoleteFileInfo(const ObsoleteFileInfo&) = delete;
  ObsoleteFileInfo& operator=(const ObsoleteFileInfo&) = delete;
@@ -820,13 +816,9 @@ struct ObsoleteFileInfo {
  }

  ObsoleteFileInfo& operator=(ObsoleteFileInfo&& rhs) noexcept {
+    path = std::move(rhs.path);
    metadata = rhs.metadata;
    rhs.metadata = nullptr;
-    path = std::move(rhs.path);
-    only_delete_metadata = rhs.only_delete_metadata;
-    rhs.only_delete_metadata = false;
-    uncache_aggressiveness = rhs.uncache_aggressiveness;
-    rhs.uncache_aggressiveness = 0;
    file_metadata_cache_res_mgr = rhs.file_metadata_cache_res_mgr;
    rhs.file_metadata_cache_res_mgr = nullptr;

@@ -1503,7 +1495,10 @@ class VersionSet {
  void GetLiveFilesMetaData(std::vector<LiveFileMetaData>* metadata);

  void AddObsoleteBlobFile(uint64_t blob_file_number, std::string path) {
-    // TODO: Erase file from BlobFileCache?
+    assert(table_cache_);
+
+    table_cache_->Erase(GetSliceForKey(&blob_file_number));
+
    obsolete_blob_files_.emplace_back(blob_file_number, std::move(path));
  }

@@ -1681,8 +1676,6 @@ class VersionSet {
  // Current size of manifest file
  uint64_t manifest_file_size_;

-  // Obsolete files, or during DB shutdown any files not referenced by what's
-  // left of the in-memory LSM state.
  std::vector<ObsoleteFileInfo> obsolete_files_;
  std::vector<ObsoleteBlobFileInfo> obsolete_blob_files_;
  std::vector<std::string> obsolete_manifests_;
@@ -43,17 +43,16 @@ Status WalManager::DeleteFile(const std::string& fname, uint64_t number) {
  }
  return s;
 }
-Status WalManager::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos,
-                                     bool include_archived) {
+
+Status WalManager::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files) {
  // First get sorted files in db dir, then get sorted files from archived
  // dir, to avoid a race condition where a log file is moved to archived
  // dir in between.
  Status s;
  // list wal files in main db dir.
-  VectorWalPtr logs;
-  s = GetSortedWalsOfType(wal_dir_, logs, kAliveLogFile, need_seqnos);
-
-  if (!include_archived || !s.ok()) {
+  VectorLogPtr logs;
+  s = GetSortedWalsOfType(wal_dir_, logs, kAliveLogFile);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }

@@ -68,13 +67,13 @@ Status WalManager::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos,
  std::string archivedir = ArchivalDirectory(wal_dir_);
  Status exists = env_->FileExists(archivedir);
  if (exists.ok()) {
-    s = GetSortedWalsOfType(archivedir, files, kArchivedLogFile, need_seqnos);
+    s = GetSortedWalsOfType(archivedir, files, kArchivedLogFile);
    if (!s.ok()) {
      return s;
    }
  } else if (!exists.IsNotFound()) {
-    assert(s.ok());
-    return exists;
+    assert(s.IsIOError());
+    return s;
  }

  uint64_t latest_archived_log_number = 0;
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ Status WalManager::GetUpdatesSince(
  //  Get all sorted Wal Files.
  //  Do binary search and open files and find the seq number.

-  std::unique_ptr<VectorWalPtr> wal_files(new VectorWalPtr);
+  std::unique_ptr<VectorLogPtr> wal_files(new VectorLogPtr);
  Status s = GetSortedWalFiles(*wal_files);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
@@ -174,6 +173,7 @@ void WalManager::PurgeObsoleteWALFiles() {
  if (!s.ok()) {
    ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(db_options_.info_log, "Can't get archive files: %s",
                    s.ToString().c_str());
+    assert(false);
    return;
  }

@@ -249,9 +249,8 @@ void WalManager::PurgeObsoleteWALFiles() {
  }

  size_t files_del_num = log_files_num - files_keep_num;
-  VectorWalPtr archived_logs;
-  s = GetSortedWalsOfType(archival_dir, archived_logs, kArchivedLogFile,
-                          /*need_seqno=*/false);
+  VectorLogPtr archived_logs;
+  s = GetSortedWalsOfType(archival_dir, archived_logs, kArchivedLogFile);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
                   "Unable to get archived WALs from: %s: %s",
@@ -286,17 +285,14 @@ void WalManager::ArchiveWALFile(const std::string& fname, uint64_t number) {
  Status s = env_->RenameFile(fname, archived_log_name);
  // The sync point below is used in (DBTest,TransactionLogIteratorRace)
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("WalManager::PurgeObsoleteFiles:2");
-  // The sync point below is used in
-  // (CheckPointTest, CheckpointWithArchievedLog)
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("WalManager::ArchiveWALFile");
  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log, "Move log file %s to %s -- %s\n",
                 fname.c_str(), archived_log_name.c_str(),
                 s.ToString().c_str());
 }

 Status WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path,
-                                       VectorWalPtr& log_files,
-                                       WalFileType log_type, bool need_seqnos) {
+                                       VectorLogPtr& log_files,
+                                       WalFileType log_type) {
  std::vector<std::string> all_files;
  const Status status = env_->GetChildren(path, &all_files);
  if (!status.ok()) {
@@ -308,17 +304,13 @@ Status WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path,
    FileType type;
    if (ParseFileName(f, &number, &type) && type == kWalFile) {
      SequenceNumber sequence;
-      if (need_seqnos) {
-        Status s = ReadFirstRecord(log_type, number, &sequence);
-        if (!s.ok()) {
-          return s;
-        }
-        if (sequence == 0) {
-          // empty file
-          continue;
-        }
-      } else {
-        sequence = 0;
+      Status s = ReadFirstRecord(log_type, number, &sequence);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        return s;
+      }
+      if (sequence == 0) {
+        // empty file
+        continue;
      }

      // Reproduce the race condition where a log file is moved
@@ -328,7 +320,7 @@ Status WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path,
      TEST_SYNC_POINT("WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType:2");

      uint64_t size_bytes;
-      Status s = env_->GetFileSize(LogFileName(path, number), &size_bytes);
+      s = env_->GetFileSize(LogFileName(path, number), &size_bytes);
      // re-try in case the alive log file has been moved to archive.
      if (!s.ok() && log_type == kAliveLogFile) {
        std::string archived_file = ArchivedLogFileName(path, number);
@@ -346,20 +338,20 @@ Status WalManager::GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path,
      }

      log_files.emplace_back(
-          new WalFileImpl(number, log_type, sequence, size_bytes));
+          new LogFileImpl(number, log_type, sequence, size_bytes));
    }
  }
  std::sort(
      log_files.begin(), log_files.end(),
-      [](const std::unique_ptr<WalFile>& a, const std::unique_ptr<WalFile>& b) {
-        WalFileImpl* a_impl = static_cast_with_check<WalFileImpl>(a.get());
-        WalFileImpl* b_impl = static_cast_with_check<WalFileImpl>(b.get());
+      [](const std::unique_ptr<LogFile>& a, const std::unique_ptr<LogFile>& b) {
+        LogFileImpl* a_impl = static_cast_with_check<LogFileImpl>(a.get());
+        LogFileImpl* b_impl = static_cast_with_check<LogFileImpl>(b.get());
        return *a_impl < *b_impl;
      });
  return status;
 }

-Status WalManager::RetainProbableWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& all_logs,
+Status WalManager::RetainProbableWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& all_logs,
                                          const SequenceNumber target) {
  int64_t start = 0;  // signed to avoid overflow when target is < first file.
  int64_t end = static_cast<int64_t>(all_logs.size()) - 1;
@@ -432,7 +424,7 @@ Status WalManager::ReadFirstRecord(const WalFileType type,
 }

 Status WalManager::GetLiveWalFile(uint64_t number,
-                                  std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* log_file) {
+                                  std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* log_file) {
  if (!log_file) {
    return Status::InvalidArgument("log_file not preallocated.");
  }
@@ -450,7 +442,7 @@ Status WalManager::GetLiveWalFile(uint64_t number,
    return s;
  }

-  log_file->reset(new WalFileImpl(number, kAliveLogFile,
+  log_file->reset(new LogFileImpl(number, kAliveLogFile,
                                  0,  // SequenceNumber
                                  size_bytes));

@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@ class WalManager {
        wal_in_db_path_(db_options_.IsWalDirSameAsDBPath()),
        io_tracer_(io_tracer) {}

-  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos = true,
-                           bool include_archived = true);
+  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files);

  // Allow user to tail transaction log to find all recent changes to the
  // database that are newer than `seq_number`.
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ class WalManager {

  Status DeleteFile(const std::string& fname, uint64_t number);

-  Status GetLiveWalFile(uint64_t number, std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* log_file);
+  Status GetLiveWalFile(uint64_t number, std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* log_file);

  Status TEST_ReadFirstRecord(const WalFileType type, const uint64_t number,
                              SequenceNumber* sequence) {
@@ -78,12 +77,12 @@ class WalManager {
  }

 private:
-  Status GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path, VectorWalPtr& log_files,
-                             WalFileType type, bool need_seqnos);
+  Status GetSortedWalsOfType(const std::string& path, VectorLogPtr& log_files,
+                             WalFileType type);
  // Requires: all_logs should be sorted with earliest log file first
  // Retains all log files in all_logs which contain updates with seq no.
  // Greater Than or Equal to the requested SequenceNumber.
-  Status RetainProbableWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& all_logs,
+  Status RetainProbableWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& all_logs,
                                const SequenceNumber target);

  // ReadFirstRecord checks the read_first_record_cache_ to see if the entry
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "db/wide/wide_columns_helper.h"

 #include <algorithm>
-#include <ios>

 #include "db/wide/wide_column_serialization.h"

@@ -16,9 +15,6 @@ void WideColumnsHelper::DumpWideColumns(const WideColumns& columns,
  if (columns.empty()) {
    return;
  }
-
-  const std::ios_base::fmtflags orig_flags = os.flags();
-
  if (hex) {
    os << std::hex;
  }
@@ -27,8 +23,6 @@ void WideColumnsHelper::DumpWideColumns(const WideColumns& columns,
  for (++it; it != columns.end(); ++it) {
    os << ' ' << *it;
  }
-
-  os.flags(orig_flags);
 }

 Status WideColumnsHelper::DumpSliceAsWideColumns(const Slice& value,
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@
 #include "port/lang.h"
 #include "rocksdb/merge_operator.h"
 #include "rocksdb/system_clock.h"
-#include "util/aligned_storage.h"
 #include "util/autovector.h"
 #include "util/cast_util.h"
 #include "util/coding.h"
@@ -1901,7 +1900,7 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
  // Make creation optional but do not incur
  // std::unique_ptr additional allocation
  using MemPostInfoMap = std::map<MemTable*, MemTablePostProcessInfo>;
-  using PostMapType = aligned_storage<MemPostInfoMap>::type;
+  using PostMapType = std::aligned_storage<sizeof(MemPostInfoMap)>::type;
  PostMapType mem_post_info_map_;
  // current recovered transaction we are rebuilding (recovery)
  WriteBatch* rebuilding_trx_;
@@ -1915,7 +1914,7 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
  bool write_before_prepare_;
  // Whether this batch was unprepared or not
  bool unprepared_batch_;
-  using DupDetector = aligned_storage<DuplicateDetector>::type;
+  using DupDetector = std::aligned_storage<sizeof(DuplicateDetector)>::type;
  DupDetector duplicate_detector_;
  bool dup_dectector_on_;

@@ -1923,7 +1922,7 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
  bool hint_created_;
  // Hints for this batch
  using HintMap = std::unordered_map<MemTable*, void*>;
-  using HintMapType = aligned_storage<HintMap>::type;
+  using HintMapType = std::aligned_storage<sizeof(HintMap)>::type;
  HintMapType hint_;

  HintMap& GetHintMap() {
@@ -2122,15 +2121,14 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
    return true;
  }

-  template <typename RebuildTxnOp>
  Status PutCFImpl(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
                   const Slice& value, ValueType value_type,
-                   RebuildTxnOp rebuild_txn_op,
                   const ProtectionInfoKVOS64* kv_prot_info) {
    // optimize for non-recovery mode
    if (UNLIKELY(write_after_commit_ && rebuilding_trx_ != nullptr)) {
      // TODO(ajkr): propagate `ProtectionInfoKVOS64`.
-      return rebuild_txn_op(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id, key, value);
+      return WriteBatchInternal::Put(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id, key,
+                                     value);
      // else insert the values to the memtable right away
    }

@@ -2141,8 +2139,8 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
        // The CF is probably flushed and hence no need for insert but we still
        // need to keep track of the keys for upcoming rollback/commit.
        // TODO(ajkr): propagate `ProtectionInfoKVOS64`.
-        ret_status =
-            rebuild_txn_op(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id, key, value);
+        ret_status = WriteBatchInternal::Put(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id,
+                                             key, value);
        if (ret_status.ok()) {
          MaybeAdvanceSeq(IsDuplicateKeySeq(column_family_id, key));
        }
@@ -2266,8 +2264,8 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
    if (UNLIKELY(ret_status.ok() && rebuilding_trx_ != nullptr)) {
      assert(!write_after_commit_);
      // TODO(ajkr): propagate `ProtectionInfoKVOS64`.
-      ret_status =
-          rebuild_txn_op(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id, key, value);
+      ret_status = WriteBatchInternal::Put(rebuilding_trx_, column_family_id,
+                                           key, value);
    }
    return ret_status;
  }
@@ -2276,21 +2274,15 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
               const Slice& value) override {
    const auto* kv_prot_info = NextProtectionInfo();
    Status ret_status;
-
-    auto rebuild_txn_op = [](WriteBatch* rebuilding_trx, uint32_t cf_id,
-                             const Slice& k, const Slice& v) -> Status {
-      return WriteBatchInternal::Put(rebuilding_trx, cf_id, k, v);
-    };
-
    if (kv_prot_info != nullptr) {
      // Memtable needs seqno, doesn't need CF ID
      auto mem_kv_prot_info =
          kv_prot_info->StripC(column_family_id).ProtectS(sequence_);
      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeValue,
-                             rebuild_txn_op, &mem_kv_prot_info);
+                             &mem_kv_prot_info);
    } else {
      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeValue,
-                             rebuild_txn_op, nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
+                             nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
    }
    // TODO: this assumes that if TryAgain status is returned to the caller,
    // the operation is actually tried again. The proper way to do this is to
@@ -2309,23 +2301,15 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
    std::string value_buf;
    Slice packed_value =
        PackValueAndWriteTime(value, unix_write_time, &value_buf);
-
-    auto rebuild_txn_op = [](WriteBatch* /* rebuilding_trx */,
-                             uint32_t /* cf_id */, const Slice& /* k */,
-                             const Slice& /* v */) -> Status {
-      return Status::NotSupported();
-    };
-
    if (kv_prot_info != nullptr) {
      auto mem_kv_prot_info =
          kv_prot_info->StripC(column_family_id).ProtectS(sequence_);
      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, packed_value,
-                             kTypeValuePreferredSeqno, rebuild_txn_op,
-                             &mem_kv_prot_info);
+                             kTypeValuePreferredSeqno, &mem_kv_prot_info);
    } else {
-      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, packed_value,
-                             kTypeValuePreferredSeqno, rebuild_txn_op,
-                             nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
+      ret_status =
+          PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, packed_value,
+                    kTypeValuePreferredSeqno, nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
    }

    // TODO: this assumes that if TryAgain status is returned to the caller,
@@ -2343,27 +2327,14 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
    const auto* kv_prot_info = NextProtectionInfo();

    Status s;
-
-    auto rebuild_txn_op = [](WriteBatch* rebuilding_trx, uint32_t cf_id,
-                             const Slice& k, Slice entity) -> Status {
-      WideColumns columns;
-      const Status st = WideColumnSerialization::Deserialize(entity, columns);
-      if (!st.ok()) {
-        return st;
-      }
-
-      return WriteBatchInternal::PutEntity(rebuilding_trx, cf_id, k, columns);
-    };
-
    if (kv_prot_info) {
      // Memtable needs seqno, doesn't need CF ID
      auto mem_kv_prot_info =
          kv_prot_info->StripC(column_family_id).ProtectS(sequence_);
      s = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeWideColumnEntity,
-                    rebuild_txn_op, &mem_kv_prot_info);
+                    &mem_kv_prot_info);
    } else {
      s = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeWideColumnEntity,
-                    rebuild_txn_op,
                    /* kv_prot_info */ nullptr);
    }

@@ -2550,6 +2521,11 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
    assert(ret_status.ok());

    if (db_ != nullptr) {
+      if (db_->immutable_db_options().row_cache) {
+        ret_status.PermitUncheckedError();
+        return Status::NotSupported(
+            "DeleteRange is not compatible with row cache.");
+      }
      auto cf_handle = cf_mems_->GetColumnFamilyHandle();
      if (cf_handle == nullptr) {
        cf_handle = db_->DefaultColumnFamily();
@@ -2802,23 +2778,16 @@ class MemTableInserter : public WriteBatch::Handler {
                        const Slice& value) override {
    const auto* kv_prot_info = NextProtectionInfo();
    Status ret_status;
-
-    auto rebuild_txn_op = [](WriteBatch* /* rebuilding_trx */,
-                             uint32_t /* cf_id */, const Slice& /* k */,
-                             const Slice& /* v */) -> Status {
-      return Status::NotSupported();
-    };
-
    if (kv_prot_info != nullptr) {
      // Memtable needs seqno, doesn't need CF ID
      auto mem_kv_prot_info =
          kv_prot_info->StripC(column_family_id).ProtectS(sequence_);
      // Same as PutCF except for value type.
      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeBlobIndex,
-                             rebuild_txn_op, &mem_kv_prot_info);
+                             &mem_kv_prot_info);
    } else {
      ret_status = PutCFImpl(column_family_id, key, value, kTypeBlobIndex,
-                             rebuild_txn_op, nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
+                             nullptr /* kv_prot_info */);
    }
    if (UNLIKELY(ret_status.IsTryAgain())) {
      DecrementProtectionInfoIdxForTryAgain();
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
 //  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
 //  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+
 #include "db/write_callback.h"

 #include <atomic>
@@ -13,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
 #include "port/port.h"
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
-#include "rocksdb/user_write_callback.h"
 #include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
@@ -83,28 +84,6 @@ class MockWriteCallback : public WriteCallback {
  bool AllowWriteBatching() override { return allow_batching_; }
 };

-class MockUserWriteCallback : public UserWriteCallback {
- public:
-  std::atomic<bool> write_enqueued_{false};
-  std::atomic<bool> wal_write_done_{false};
-
-  MockUserWriteCallback() = default;
-
-  MockUserWriteCallback(const MockUserWriteCallback& other) {
-    write_enqueued_.store(other.write_enqueued_.load());
-    wal_write_done_.store(other.wal_write_done_.load());
-  }
-
-  void OnWriteEnqueued() override { write_enqueued_.store(true); }
-
-  void OnWalWriteFinish() override { wal_write_done_.store(true); }
-
-  void Reset() {
-    write_enqueued_.store(false);
-    wal_write_done_.store(false);
-  }
-};
-
 #if !defined(ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN) || defined(ROCKSDB_FULL_VALGRIND_RUN)
 class WriteCallbackPTest
    : public WriteCallbackTest,
@@ -140,11 +119,9 @@ TEST_P(WriteCallbackPTest, WriteWithCallbackTest) {
      kvs_.clear();
      write_batch_.Clear();
      callback_.was_called_.store(false);
-      user_write_cb_.Reset();
    }

    MockWriteCallback callback_;
-    MockUserWriteCallback user_write_cb_;
    WriteBatch write_batch_;
    std::vector<std::pair<string, string>> kvs_;
  };
@@ -350,26 +327,18 @@ TEST_P(WriteCallbackPTest, WriteWithCallbackTest) {
        ASSERT_OK(WriteBatchInternal::InsertNoop(&write_op.write_batch_));
        const size_t ONE_BATCH = 1;
        s = db_impl->WriteImpl(woptions, &write_op.write_batch_,
-                               &write_op.callback_, &write_op.user_write_cb_,
-                               nullptr, 0, false, nullptr, ONE_BATCH,
+                               &write_op.callback_, nullptr, 0, false, nullptr,
+                               ONE_BATCH,
                               two_queues_ ? &publish_seq_callback : nullptr);
      } else {
        s = db_impl->WriteWithCallback(woptions, &write_op.write_batch_,
-                                       &write_op.callback_,
-                                       &write_op.user_write_cb_);
+                                       &write_op.callback_);
      }

-      ASSERT_TRUE(write_op.user_write_cb_.write_enqueued_.load());
      if (write_op.callback_.should_fail_) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsBusy());
-        ASSERT_FALSE(write_op.user_write_cb_.wal_write_done_.load());
      } else {
        ASSERT_OK(s);
-        if (enable_WAL_) {
-          ASSERT_TRUE(write_op.user_write_cb_.wal_write_done_.load());
-        } else {
-          ASSERT_FALSE(write_op.user_write_cb_.wal_write_done_.load());
-        }
      }
    };

@@ -471,16 +440,6 @@ TEST_F(WriteCallbackTest, WriteCallBackTest) {
  ASSERT_OK(s);
  ASSERT_EQ("value.a2", value);

-  MockUserWriteCallback user_write_cb;
-  WriteBatch wb4;
-  ASSERT_OK(wb4.Put("a", "value.a4"));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(db->WriteWithCallback(write_options, &wb4, &user_write_cb));
-  ASSERT_OK(db->Get(read_options, "a", &value));
-  ASSERT_EQ(value, "value.a4");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(user_write_cb.write_enqueued_.load());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(user_write_cb.wal_write_done_.load());
-
  delete db;
  ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(dbname, options));
 }
@@ -404,8 +404,6 @@ void WriteThread::JoinBatchGroup(Writer* w) {

  bool linked_as_leader = LinkOne(w, &newest_writer_);

-  w->CheckWriteEnqueuedCallback();
-
  if (linked_as_leader) {
    SetState(w, STATE_GROUP_LEADER);
  }
@@ -430,7 +428,6 @@ void WriteThread::JoinBatchGroup(Writer* w) {
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("WriteThread::JoinBatchGroup:BeganWaiting", w);
    AwaitState(w,
               STATE_GROUP_LEADER | STATE_MEMTABLE_WRITER_LEADER |
-                   STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER |
                   STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER | STATE_COMPLETED,
               &jbg_ctx);
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("WriteThread::JoinBatchGroup:DoneWaiting", w);
@@ -659,57 +656,12 @@ void WriteThread::ExitAsMemTableWriter(Writer* /*self*/,
  SetState(leader, STATE_COMPLETED);
 }

-void WriteThread::SetMemWritersEachStride(Writer* w) {
-  WriteGroup* write_group = w->write_group;
-  Writer* last_writer = write_group->last_writer;
-
-  // The stride is the same for each writer in write_group, so w will
-  // call the writers with the same number in write_group mod total size
-  size_t stride = static_cast<size_t>(std::sqrt(write_group->size));
-  size_t count = 0;
-  while (w) {
-    if (count++ % stride == 0) {
-      SetState(w, STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER);
-    }
-    w = (w == last_writer) ? nullptr : w->link_newer;
-  }
-}
-
 void WriteThread::LaunchParallelMemTableWriters(WriteGroup* write_group) {
  assert(write_group != nullptr);
-  size_t group_size = write_group->size;
-  write_group->running.store(group_size);
-
-  // The minimum number to allow the group use parallel caller mode.
-  // The number must no lower than 3;
-  const size_t MinParallelSize = 20;
-
-  // The group_size is too small, and there is no need to have
-  // the parallel partial callers.
-  if (group_size < MinParallelSize) {
-    for (auto w : *write_group) {
-      SetState(w, STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER);
-    }
-    return;
+  write_group->running.store(write_group->size);
+  for (auto w : *write_group) {
+    SetState(w, STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER);
  }
-
-  // The stride is equal to std::sqrt(group_size) which can minimize
-  // the total number of leader SetSate.
-  // Set the leader itself STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER, and set
-  // (stride-1) writers to be STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER.
-  size_t stride = static_cast<size_t>(std::sqrt(group_size));
-  auto w = write_group->leader;
-  SetState(w, STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER);
-
-  for (size_t i = 1; i < stride; i++) {
-    w = w->link_newer;
-    SetState(w, STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER);
-  }
-
-  // After setting all STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER, the leader also
-  // does the job as STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER.
-  w = w->link_newer;
-  SetMemWritersEachStride(w);
 }

 static WriteThread::AdaptationContext cpmtw_ctx(
@@ -836,8 +788,8 @@ void WriteThread::ExitAsBatchGroupLeader(WriteGroup& write_group,
    }

    AwaitState(leader,
-               STATE_MEMTABLE_WRITER_LEADER | STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER |
-                   STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER | STATE_COMPLETED,
+               STATE_MEMTABLE_WRITER_LEADER | STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER |
+                   STATE_COMPLETED,
               &eabgl_ctx);
  } else {
    Writer* head = newest_writer_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
 #include "rocksdb/options.h"
 #include "rocksdb/status.h"
 #include "rocksdb/types.h"
-#include "rocksdb/user_write_callback.h"
 #include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
-#include "util/aligned_storage.h"
 #include "util/autovector.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
@@ -73,12 +71,6 @@ class WriteThread {
    // A state indicating that the thread may be waiting using StateMutex()
    // and StateCondVar()
    STATE_LOCKED_WAITING = 32,
-
-    // The state used to inform a waiting writer that it has become a
-    // caller to call some other waiting writers to write to memtable
-    // by calling SetMemWritersEachStride. After doing
-    // this, it will also write to memtable.
-    STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER = 64,
  };

  struct Writer;
@@ -135,7 +127,6 @@ class WriteThread {
    uint64_t log_used;  // log number that this batch was inserted into
    uint64_t log_ref;   // log number that memtable insert should reference
    WriteCallback* callback;
-    UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb;
    bool made_waitable;          // records lazy construction of mutex and cv
    std::atomic<uint8_t> state;  // write under StateMutex() or pre-link
    WriteGroup* write_group;
@@ -143,8 +134,8 @@ class WriteThread {
    Status status;
    Status callback_status;  // status returned by callback->Callback()

-    aligned_storage<std::mutex>::type state_mutex_bytes;
-    aligned_storage<std::condition_variable>::type state_cv_bytes;
+    std::aligned_storage<sizeof(std::mutex)>::type state_mutex_bytes;
+    std::aligned_storage<sizeof(std::condition_variable)>::type state_cv_bytes;
    Writer* link_older;  // read/write only before linking, or as leader
    Writer* link_newer;  // lazy, read/write only before linking, or as leader

@@ -162,7 +153,6 @@ class WriteThread {
          log_used(0),
          log_ref(0),
          callback(nullptr),
-          user_write_cb(nullptr),
          made_waitable(false),
          state(STATE_INIT),
          write_group(nullptr),
@@ -171,8 +161,8 @@ class WriteThread {
          link_newer(nullptr) {}

    Writer(const WriteOptions& write_options, WriteBatch* _batch,
-           WriteCallback* _callback, UserWriteCallback* _user_write_cb,
-           uint64_t _log_ref, bool _disable_memtable, size_t _batch_cnt = 0,
+           WriteCallback* _callback, uint64_t _log_ref, bool _disable_memtable,
+           size_t _batch_cnt = 0,
           PreReleaseCallback* _pre_release_callback = nullptr,
           PostMemTableCallback* _post_memtable_callback = nullptr)
        : batch(_batch),
@@ -190,7 +180,6 @@ class WriteThread {
          log_used(0),
          log_ref(_log_ref),
          callback(_callback),
-          user_write_cb(_user_write_cb),
          made_waitable(false),
          state(STATE_INIT),
          write_group(nullptr),
@@ -214,18 +203,6 @@ class WriteThread {
      return callback_status.ok();
    }

-    void CheckWriteEnqueuedCallback() {
-      if (user_write_cb != nullptr) {
-        user_write_cb->OnWriteEnqueued();
-      }
-    }
-
-    void CheckPostWalWriteCallback() {
-      if (user_write_cb != nullptr) {
-        user_write_cb->OnWalWriteFinish();
-      }
-    }
-
    void CreateMutex() {
      if (!made_waitable) {
        // Note that made_waitable is tracked separately from state
@@ -346,19 +323,10 @@ class WriteThread {
  // Causes JoinBatchGroup to return STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER for all of
  // the non-leader members of this write batch group.  Sets Writer::sequence
  // before waking them up.
-  // If the size of write_group n is not small, the leader will call n^0.5
-  // members to be PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER in the write_group to help to set
-  // other's status parallel. This ensures that the cost to call SetState
-  // sequentially does not exceed 2(n^0.5).
  //
  // WriteGroup* write_group: Extra state used to coordinate the parallel add
  void LaunchParallelMemTableWriters(WriteGroup* write_group);

-  // One of the every stride=N number writer in the WriteGroup are set to the
-  // MemTableWriters, where N is equal to square of the total number of this
-  // write_group, and all of these MemTableWriters will write to memtable.
-  void SetMemWritersEachStride(Writer* w);
-
  // Reports the completion of w's batch to the parallel group leader, and
  // waits for the rest of the parallel batch to complete.  Returns true
  // if this thread is the last to complete, and hence should advance
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ add_executable(db_stress${ARTIFACT_SUFFIX}
  db_stress.cc
  db_stress_common.cc
  db_stress_driver.cc
-  db_stress_filters.cc
  db_stress_gflags.cc
  db_stress_listener.cc
  db_stress_shared_state.cc
@@ -590,11 +590,6 @@ class BatchedOpsStressTest : public StressTest {
        // For half of the time, set the upper bound to the next prefix
        ub_slices[i] = upper_bounds[i];
        ro_copies[i].iterate_upper_bound = &(ub_slices[i]);
-        if (FLAGS_use_sqfc_for_range_queries) {
-          ro_copies[i].table_filter =
-              sqfc_factory_->GetTableFilterForRangeQuery(prefix_slices[i],
-                                                         ub_slices[i]);
-        }
      }

      iters[i].reset(db_->NewIterator(ro_copies[i], cfh));
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      status = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
    }

-    if (status.ok()) {
-      auto num = static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size());
-      thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(num, (sz + 1) * num);
-    } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(status)) {
+    if (!status.ok()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "multi put or merge error: %s\n",
              status.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      auto num = static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size());
+      thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(num, (sz + 1) * num);
    }

    return status;
@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      batch.Delete(cfh, key);
    }
    Status s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      thread->stats.AddDeletes(static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
-    } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+    if (!s.ok()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "multidel error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddDeletes(static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
    }
    return s;
  }
@@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      batch.DeleteRange(cfh, key, end_key);
    }
    Status s = db_->Write(write_opts, &batch);
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      thread->stats.AddRangeDeletions(
-          static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
-    } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+    if (!s.ok()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "multi del range error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
+    } else {
+      thread->stats.AddRangeDeletions(
+          static_cast<long>(rand_column_families.size()));
    }
    return s;
  }
@@ -170,15 +170,6 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      std::string value0;
      s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy, column_families_[rand_column_families[0]],
                   key, &value0);
-
-      // Temporarily disable error injection for verification
-      if (fault_fs_guard) {
-        fault_fs_guard->DisableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kRead);
-        fault_fs_guard->DisableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kMetadataRead);
-      }
-
      if (s.ok() || s.IsNotFound()) {
        bool found = s.ok();
        for (size_t i = 1; i < rand_column_families.size(); i++) {
@@ -223,13 +214,6 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
        }
      }

-      //  Enable back error injection disabled for verification
-      if (fault_fs_guard) {
-        fault_fs_guard->EnableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kRead);
-        fault_fs_guard->EnableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kMetadataRead);
-      }
      db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
    }
    if (!is_consistent) {
@@ -241,7 +225,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
    } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
-    } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "TestGet error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
    }
@@ -277,7 +261,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
        // not found case
        thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
-      } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+      } else {
        // errors case
        fprintf(stderr, "MultiGet error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
        thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
@@ -339,14 +323,6 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
                         column_families_[rand_column_families[0]], key,
                         &cmp_result);

-      //  Temporarily disable error injection for verification
-      if (fault_fs_guard) {
-        fault_fs_guard->DisableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kRead);
-        fault_fs_guard->DisableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kMetadataRead);
-      }
-
      if (s.ok() || s.IsNotFound()) {
        const bool cmp_found = s.ok();

@@ -482,14 +458,6 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
          }
        }
      }
-
-      //  Enable back error injection disabled for verification
-      if (fault_fs_guard) {
-        fault_fs_guard->EnableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kRead);
-        fault_fs_guard->EnableThreadLocalErrorInjection(
-            FaultInjectionIOType::kMetadataRead);
-      }
    }

    if (!is_consistent) {
@@ -501,7 +469,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
    } else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
      thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
-    } else if (!IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "TestGetEntity error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
    }
@@ -572,9 +540,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_cfs; ++j) {
          const Status& s = result[j].status();
          const WideColumns& columns = result[j].columns();
-          if (!s.ok() && IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
-            break;
-          } else if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
+          if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
            fprintf(stderr, "TestMultiGetEntity (AttributeGroup) error: %s\n",
                    s.ToString().c_str());
            thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
@@ -679,9 +645,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
          const Status& s = statuses[j];
          const WideColumns& columns = results[j].columns();

-          if (!s.ok() && IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
-            break;
-          } else if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
+          if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
            fprintf(stderr, "TestMultiGetEntity error: %s\n",
                    s.ToString().c_str());
            thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
@@ -782,10 +746,6 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
    if (GetNextPrefix(prefix, &upper_bound) && thread->rand.OneIn(2)) {
      ub_slice = Slice(upper_bound);
      ro_copy.iterate_upper_bound = &ub_slice;
-      if (FLAGS_use_sqfc_for_range_queries) {
-        ro_copy.table_filter =
-            sqfc_factory_->GetTableFilterForRangeQuery(prefix, ub_slice);
-      }
    }

    ColumnFamilyHandle* const cfh =
@@ -816,7 +776,7 @@ class CfConsistencyStressTest : public StressTest {
      s = iter->status();
    }

-    if (!s.ok() && !IsErrorInjectedAndRetryable(s)) {
+    if (!s.ok()) {
      fprintf(stderr, "TestPrefixScan error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
      thread->stats.AddErrors(1);

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@

 ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env* db_stress_listener_env = nullptr;
 ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env* db_stress_env = nullptr;
+// If non-null, injects read error at a rate specified by the
+// read_fault_one_in or write_fault_one_in flag
 std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FaultInjectionTestFS> fault_fs_guard;
 std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SecondaryCache> compressed_secondary_cache;
 std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Cache> block_cache;
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ void CompressedCacheSetCapacityThread(void* v) {
        // Lower by upto 50% of usable block cache capacity
        adjustment = (adjustment * thread->rand.Uniform(50)) / 100;
        block_cache->SetCapacity(capacity - adjustment);
-        fprintf(stdout, "New cache capacity = %zu\n",
+        fprintf(stdout, "New cache capacity = %lu\n",
                block_cache->GetCapacity());
        db_stress_env->SleepForMicroseconds(10 * 1000 * 1000);
        block_cache->SetCapacity(capacity);
@@ -393,16 +395,6 @@ bool VerifyWideColumns(const WideColumns& columns) {
  return VerifyWideColumns(value_of_default, columns);
 }

-bool VerifyIteratorAttributeGroups(
-    const IteratorAttributeGroups& attribute_groups) {
-  for (const auto& attribute_group : attribute_groups) {
-    if (!VerifyWideColumns(attribute_group.columns())) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
 std::string GetNowNanos() {
  uint64_t t = db_stress_env->NowNanos();
  std::string ret;
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ DECLARE_string(options_file);
 DECLARE_int64(active_width);
 DECLARE_bool(test_batches_snapshots);
 DECLARE_bool(atomic_flush);
+DECLARE_int32(manual_wal_flush_one_in);
 DECLARE_int32(lock_wal_one_in);
 DECLARE_bool(test_cf_consistency);
 DECLARE_bool(test_multi_ops_txns);
@@ -135,7 +136,6 @@ DECLARE_int32(universal_size_ratio);
 DECLARE_int32(universal_min_merge_width);
 DECLARE_int32(universal_max_merge_width);
 DECLARE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent);
-DECLARE_int32(universal_max_read_amp);
 DECLARE_int32(clear_column_family_one_in);
 DECLARE_int32(get_live_files_apis_one_in);
 DECLARE_int32(get_all_column_family_metadata_one_in);
@@ -169,9 +169,6 @@ DECLARE_int32(bloom_before_level);
 DECLARE_bool(partition_filters);
 DECLARE_bool(optimize_filters_for_memory);
 DECLARE_bool(detect_filter_construct_corruption);
-DECLARE_string(sqfc_name);
-DECLARE_uint32(sqfc_version);
-DECLARE_bool(use_sqfc_for_range_queries);
 DECLARE_int32(index_type);
 DECLARE_int32(data_block_index_type);
 DECLARE_string(db);
@@ -192,6 +189,7 @@ DECLARE_uint64(bytes_per_sync);
 DECLARE_uint64(wal_bytes_per_sync);
 DECLARE_int32(kill_random_test);
 DECLARE_string(kill_exclude_prefixes);
+DECLARE_bool(disable_wal);
 DECLARE_uint64(recycle_log_file_num);
 DECLARE_int64(target_file_size_base);
 DECLARE_int32(target_file_size_multiplier);
@@ -256,7 +254,6 @@ DECLARE_int32(prefix_size);
 DECLARE_bool(use_merge);
 DECLARE_uint32(use_put_entity_one_in);
 DECLARE_bool(use_attribute_group);
-DECLARE_bool(use_multi_cf_iterator);
 DECLARE_bool(use_full_merge_v1);
 DECLARE_int32(sync_wal_one_in);
 DECLARE_bool(avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io);
@@ -317,6 +314,8 @@ DECLARE_int32(blob_cache_numshardbits);
 DECLARE_int32(prepopulate_blob_cache);

 DECLARE_int32(approximate_size_one_in);
+DECLARE_bool(sync_fault_injection);
+
 DECLARE_bool(best_efforts_recovery);
 DECLARE_bool(skip_verifydb);
 DECLARE_bool(enable_compaction_filter);
@@ -416,7 +415,6 @@ DECLARE_bool(enable_memtable_insert_with_hint_prefix_extractor);
 DECLARE_bool(check_multiget_consistency);
 DECLARE_bool(check_multiget_entity_consistency);
 DECLARE_bool(inplace_update_support);
-DECLARE_uint32(uncache_aggressiveness);

 constexpr long KB = 1024;
 constexpr int kRandomValueMaxFactor = 3;
@@ -763,8 +761,6 @@ WideColumns GenerateExpectedWideColumns(uint32_t value_base,
                                        const Slice& slice);
 bool VerifyWideColumns(const Slice& value, const WideColumns& columns);
 bool VerifyWideColumns(const WideColumns& columns);
-bool VerifyIteratorAttributeGroups(
-    const IteratorAttributeGroups& attribute_groups);

 AttributeGroups GenerateAttributeGroups(
    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& cfhs, uint32_t value_base,
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
 //

-#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.h"
 #ifdef GFLAGS
 #include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.h"
 #include "utilities/fault_injection_fs.h"
@@ -82,6 +81,31 @@ bool RunStressTestImpl(SharedState* shared) {
  stress->InitDb(shared);
  stress->FinishInitDb(shared);

+  if (FLAGS_write_fault_one_in) {
+    if (!FLAGS_sync_fault_injection) {
+      // unsynced WAL loss is not supported without sync_fault_injection
+      fault_fs_guard->SetDirectWritableTypes({kWalFile});
+    }
+    IOStatus error_msg;
+    if (FLAGS_inject_error_severity <= 1 || FLAGS_inject_error_severity > 2) {
+      error_msg = IOStatus::IOError("Retryable injected write error");
+      error_msg.SetRetryable(true);
+    } else if (FLAGS_inject_error_severity == 2) {
+      error_msg = IOStatus::IOError("Fatal injected write error");
+      error_msg.SetDataLoss(true);
+    }
+    // TODO: inject write error for other file types including
+    //  MANIFEST, CURRENT, and WAL files.
+    fault_fs_guard->SetRandomWriteError(
+        shared->GetSeed(), FLAGS_write_fault_one_in, error_msg,
+        /*inject_for_all_file_types=*/false, {FileType::kTableFile});
+    fault_fs_guard->SetFilesystemDirectWritable(false);
+    fault_fs_guard->EnableWriteErrorInjection();
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_sync_fault_injection) {
+    fault_fs_guard->SetFilesystemDirectWritable(false);
+  }
+
  uint32_t n = FLAGS_threads;
  uint64_t now = clock->NowMicros();
  fprintf(stdout, "%s Initializing worker threads\n",
@@ -158,15 +182,6 @@ bool RunStressTestImpl(SharedState* shared) {
      if (!FLAGS_expected_values_dir.empty()) {
        stress->TrackExpectedState(shared);
      }
-
-      if (FLAGS_sync_fault_injection || FLAGS_write_fault_one_in > 0) {
-        fault_fs_guard->SetFilesystemDirectWritable(false);
-        fault_fs_guard->SetInjectUnsyncedDataLoss(FLAGS_sync_fault_injection);
-        if (FLAGS_exclude_wal_from_write_fault_injection) {
-          fault_fs_guard->SetFileTypesExcludedFromWriteFaultInjection(
-              {FileType::kWalFile});
-        }
-      }
      now = clock->NowMicros();
      fprintf(stdout, "%s Starting database operations\n",
              clock->TimeToString(now / 1000000).c_str());
@@ -13,20 +13,6 @@
 #include "monitoring/thread_status_util.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-namespace {
-void CheckIOActivity(const IOOptions& options) {
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
-      ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
-  Env::IOActivity io_activity =
-      ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
-  assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
-         io_activity == options.io_activity);
-#else
-  (void)options;
-#endif
-}
-}  // namespace
 class DbStressRandomAccessFileWrapper : public FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper {
 public:
  explicit DbStressRandomAccessFileWrapper(
@@ -97,67 +83,144 @@ class DbStressWritableFileWrapper : public FSWritableFileOwnerWrapper {

  IOStatus Append(const Slice& data, const IOOptions& options,
                  IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Append(data, options, dbg);
  }
  IOStatus Append(const Slice& data, const IOOptions& options,
                  const DataVerificationInfo& verification_info,
                  IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Append(data, options, verification_info, dbg);
  }
  IOStatus PositionedAppend(const Slice& data, uint64_t offset,
                            const IOOptions& options,
                            IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->PositionedAppend(data, offset, options, dbg);
  }
  IOStatus PositionedAppend(const Slice& data, uint64_t offset,
                            const IOOptions& options,
                            const DataVerificationInfo& verification_info,
                            IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->PositionedAppend(data, offset, options, verification_info,
                                      dbg);
  }

  IOStatus Truncate(uint64_t size, const IOOptions& options,
                    IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Truncate(size, options, dbg);
  }

  IOStatus Close(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Close(options, dbg);
  }

  IOStatus Flush(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Flush(options, dbg);
  }

  IOStatus Sync(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Sync(options, dbg);
  }

  IOStatus Fsync(const IOOptions& options, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Fsync(options, dbg);
  }

 #ifdef ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
  IOStatus Allocate(uint64_t offset, uint64_t len, const IOOptions& options,
                    IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->Allocate(offset, len, options, dbg);
  }
 #endif

  IOStatus RangeSync(uint64_t offset, uint64_t nbytes, const IOOptions& options,
                     IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    CheckIOActivity(options);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    const ThreadStatus::OperationType thread_op =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::GetThreadOperation();
+    Env::IOActivity io_activity =
+        ThreadStatusUtil::TEST_GetExpectedIOActivity(thread_op);
+    assert(io_activity == Env::IOActivity::kUnknown ||
+           io_activity == options.io_activity);
+#endif
    return target()->RangeSync(offset, nbytes, options, dbg);
  }
 };
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#include "db_stress_tool/db_stress_filters.h"
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-#ifdef GFLAGS
-
-using experimental::KeySegmentsExtractor;
-using experimental::MakeSharedBytewiseMinMaxSQFC;
-using experimental::SelectKeySegment;
-using experimental::SstQueryFilterConfigs;
-using experimental::SstQueryFilterConfigsManager;
-
-namespace {
-class VariableWidthExtractor : public KeySegmentsExtractor {
- public:
-  const char* Name() const override { return "VariableWidthExtractor"; }
-
-  void Extract(const Slice& key_or_bound, KeyKind /*kind*/,
-               Result* result) const override {
-    uint32_t len = static_cast<uint32_t>(key_or_bound.size());
-    // This uses as delimiter any zero byte that follows a non-zero byte.
-    // And in accordance with best practice, the delimiter is part of the
-    // segment leading up to it.
-    bool prev_non_zero = false;
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-      if ((prev_non_zero && key_or_bound[i] == 0) || i + 1 == len) {
-        result->segment_ends.push_back(i + 1);
-      }
-      prev_non_zero = key_or_bound[i] != 0;
-    }
-  }
-};
-const auto kVariableWidthExtractor = std::make_shared<VariableWidthExtractor>();
-class FixedWidthExtractor : public KeySegmentsExtractor {
- public:
-  const char* Name() const override { return "FixedWidthExtractor"; }
-
-  void Extract(const Slice& key_or_bound, KeyKind /*kind*/,
-               Result* result) const override {
-    uint32_t len = static_cast<uint32_t>(key_or_bound.size());
-    // Fixed 8-byte segments, with any leftovers going into another
-    // segment.
-    uint32_t i = 0;
-    while (i + 8 <= len) {
-      i += 8;
-      result->segment_ends.push_back(i);
-    }
-    if (i < len) {
-      result->segment_ends.push_back(len);
-    }
-  }
-};
-const auto kFixedWidthExtractor = std::make_shared<FixedWidthExtractor>();
-// NOTE: MinMax filter on segment 0 is not normally useful because of metadata
-// on smallest and largest key for each SST file. But it doesn't hurt to test.
-const auto kFilter0 = MakeSharedBytewiseMinMaxSQFC(SelectKeySegment(0));
-const auto kFilter1 = MakeSharedBytewiseMinMaxSQFC(SelectKeySegment(1));
-const auto kFilter2 = MakeSharedBytewiseMinMaxSQFC(SelectKeySegment(2));
-const auto kFilter3 = MakeSharedBytewiseMinMaxSQFC(SelectKeySegment(3));
-const SstQueryFilterConfigs fooConfigs1{{kFilter0, kFilter2},
-                                        kVariableWidthExtractor};
-const SstQueryFilterConfigs fooConfigs2{{kFilter1, kFilter3},
-                                        kVariableWidthExtractor};
-const SstQueryFilterConfigs barConfigs2{{kFilter1, kFilter2},
-                                        kFixedWidthExtractor};
-const SstQueryFilterConfigsManager::Data data = {
-    {1, {{"foo", fooConfigs1}}},
-    {2, {{"foo", fooConfigs2}, {"bar", barConfigs2}}},
-};
-}  // namespace
-
-SstQueryFilterConfigsManager& DbStressSqfcManager() {
-  std::once_flag flag;
-  static std::shared_ptr<SstQueryFilterConfigsManager> mgr;
-  std::call_once(flag, []() {
-    Status s = SstQueryFilterConfigsManager::MakeShared(data, &mgr);
-    assert(s.ok());
-    assert(mgr);
-  });
-  return *mgr;
-}
-
-#endif  // GFLAGS
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#ifdef GFLAGS
-#pragma once
-
-#include "rocksdb/experimental.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-experimental::SstQueryFilterConfigsManager& DbStressSqfcManager();
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
-#endif  // GFLAGS
@@ -306,9 +306,6 @@ DEFINE_int32(universal_max_merge_width, 0,
 DEFINE_int32(universal_max_size_amplification_percent, 0,
             "The max size amplification for universal style compaction");

-DEFINE_int32(universal_max_read_amp, -1,
-             "The limit on the number of sorted runs");
-
 DEFINE_int32(clear_column_family_one_in, 1000000,
             "With a chance of 1/N, delete a column family and then recreate "
             "it again. If N == 0, never drop/create column families. "
@@ -582,16 +579,6 @@ DEFINE_bool(
        .detect_filter_construct_corruption,
    "Detect corruption during new Bloom Filter and Ribbon Filter construction");

-DEFINE_string(sqfc_name, "foo",
-              "Config name to select from SstQueryFilterConfigsManager.");
-
-DEFINE_uint32(sqfc_version, 0,
-              "User-defined filtering version to select from "
-              "SstQueryFilterConfigsManager. 0 = disable writing filters");
-
-DEFINE_bool(use_sqfc_for_range_queries, true,
-            "Apply SstQueryFilters to range queries");
-
 DEFINE_int32(
    index_type,
    static_cast<int32_t>(
@@ -968,9 +955,6 @@ DEFINE_uint32(use_put_entity_one_in, 0,
 DEFINE_bool(use_attribute_group, false,
            "If set, use the attribute_group API to put/get entities");

-DEFINE_bool(use_multi_cf_iterator, false,
-            "If set, use the multi_cf_iterator for TestIterate");
-
 DEFINE_bool(use_full_merge_v1, false,
            "On true, use a merge operator that implement the deprecated "
            "version of FullMerge");
@@ -1028,14 +1012,6 @@ DEFINE_int32(approximate_size_one_in, 64,
 DEFINE_int32(read_fault_one_in, 1000,
             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on read");

-DEFINE_bool(error_recovery_with_no_fault_injection, false,
-            "If true, error recovery will be done without fault injection if "
-            "fault injection is enabled");
-
-DEFINE_int32(metadata_read_fault_one_in, 1000,
-             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on metadata read (i.e, "
-             "directory and file metadata read)");
-
 DEFINE_int32(get_property_one_in, 1000,
             "If non-zero, then DB::GetProperty() will be called to get various"
             " properties for every N ops on average. 0 indicates that"
@@ -1095,13 +1071,6 @@ DEFINE_int32(write_fault_one_in, 0,
             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on write. Currently only"
             "injects write error when writing to SST files.");

-DEFINE_bool(exclude_wal_from_write_fault_injection, false,
-            "If true, we won't inject write fault when writing to WAL file");
-
-DEFINE_int32(metadata_write_fault_one_in, 1000,
-             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on metadata write (i.e, "
-             "directory and file metadata write)");
-
 DEFINE_uint64(user_timestamp_size, 0,
              "Number of bytes for a user-defined timestamp. Currently, only "
              "8-byte is supported");
@@ -1110,11 +1079,6 @@ DEFINE_bool(persist_user_defined_timestamps, true,
            "Flag to indicate whether user-defined timestamps will be persisted"
            " during Flush");

-DEFINE_int32(open_metadata_read_fault_one_in, 0,
-             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on file metadata read (i.e, "
-             "directory and file metadata read)"
-             "during DB reopen.");
-
 DEFINE_int32(open_metadata_write_fault_one_in, 0,
             "On non-zero, enables fault injection on file metadata write "
             "during DB reopen.");
@@ -1436,11 +1400,4 @@ DEFINE_bool(check_multiget_entity_consistency, true,
 DEFINE_bool(inplace_update_support,
            ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Options().inplace_update_support,
            "Options.inplace_update_support");
-
-DEFINE_uint32(uncache_aggressiveness,
-              ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ColumnFamilyOptions().uncache_aggressiveness,
-              "Aggressiveness of erasing cache entries that are likely "
-              "obsolete. 0 = disabled, 1 = minimum, 100 = moderate, 10000 = "
-              "normal max");
-
 #endif  // GFLAGS
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
anand76	01393464ea	Update HISTORY for 9.3.2	2024-08-05 10:40:16 -07:00
anand76	97a152b841	Make transaction name conflict check more robust (#12895 ) Summary: The `PessimisticTransaction::SetName()` code checks for an existing txn of the given name before registering the new txn. However, this is not atomic, which could result in a race condition if two txns try to register with the same name. Both might succeed and lead to unpredictable behavior. This PR makes the test and set atomic. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12895 Reviewed By: pdillinger Differential Revision: D60460482 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: e8afeb2356e1b8f4e8df785cb73532739f82579d	2024-08-05 10:37:59 -07:00
Yu Zhang	537ccd2fbe	update HISTORY.md and version.h for 9.3.2	2024-08-05 09:25:52 -07:00
Yu Zhang	86e421fba9	Fix file deletions in DestroyDB not rate limited (#12891 ) Summary: Make `DestroyDB` slowly delete files if it's configured and enabled via `SstFileManager`. It's currently not available mainly because of DeleteScheduler's logic related to tracked total_size_ and total_trash_size_. These accounting and logic should not be applied to `DestroyDB`. This PR adds a `DeleteUnaccountedDBFile` util for this purpose which deletes files without accounting it. This util also supports assigning a file to a specified trash bucket so that user can later wait for a specific trash bucket to be empty. For `DestroyDB`, files with more than 1 hard links will be deleted immediately. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12891 Test Plan: Added unit tests, existing tests. Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D60300220 Pulled By: jowlyzhang fbshipit-source-id: 8b18109a177a3a9532f6dc2e40e08310c08ca3c7	2024-08-05 09:24:20 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	c5201abc4a	update HISTORY.md and version.h for 9.3.1	2024-06-04 11:43:02 -07:00
Fan Zhang(DevX)	4eda1b79fa	add export_file to rockdb TARGETS generator and re-gen Summary: we are converting the implicit loads to explicit loads, then remove the hidden loads in fbcode macroes. details see https://fb.workplace.com/groups/devx.build.bffs/permalink/7481848805183560/ Reviewed By: JakobDegen Differential Revision: D57800976 fbshipit-source-id: a893aa2aa9237704ba9eb998cba210222c95dd2f	2024-06-04 11:42:26 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	030f7c4a7b	include bug fixes in 9.3.0 from after the branch cut until now	2024-06-02 16:52:07 -07:00
anand76	6c60c8f3f3	Fix stale memory access with FSBuffer and tiered sec cache (#12712 ) Summary: A `BlockBasedTable` with `TieredSecondaryCache` containing a NVM cache inserts blocks into the compressed cache and the corresponding compressed block into the NVM cache. The `BlockFetcher` is used to get the uncompressed and compressed blocks by calling `ReadBlockContents()` and `GetUncompressedBlock()` respectively. If the file system supports FSBuffer (i.e returning a FS allocated buffer rather than caller provided), that buffer gets freed between the two calls. This PR fixes it by making the FSBuffer unique pointer a member rather than local variable. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12712 Test Plan: 1. Add a unit test 2. Release validation stress test Reviewed By: jaykorean Differential Revision: D57974026 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: cfa895914e74b4f628413b40e6e39d8d8e5286bd	2024-06-02 16:50:41 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	2660754dbc	Fix recycled WAL detection when wal_compression is enabled (#12643 ) Summary: I think the point of the `if (end_of_buffer_offset_ - buffer_.size() == 0)` was to only set `recycled_` when the first record was read. However, the condition was false when reading the first record when the WAL began with a `kSetCompressionType` record because we had already dropped the `kSetCompressionType` record from `buffer_`. To fix this, I used `first_record_read_` instead. Also, it was pretty confusing to treat the WAL as non-recycled when a recyclable record first appeared in a non-first record. I changed it to return an error if that happens. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12643 Reviewed By: hx235 Differential Revision: D57238099 Pulled By: ajkr fbshipit-source-id: e20a2a0c9cf0c9510a7b6af463650a05d559239e	2024-06-02 16:50:29 -07:00
Peter Dillinger	94a867c845	Disallow memtable flush and sst ingest while WAL is locked (#12652 ) Summary: We recently noticed that some memtable flushed and file ingestions could proceed during LockWAL, in violation of its stated contract. (Note: we aren't 100% sure its actually needed by MySQL, but we want it to be in a clean state nonetheless.) Despite earlier skepticism that this could be done safely (https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12666), I found a place to wait to wait for LockWAL to be cleared before allowing these operations to proceed: WaitForPendingWrites() Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12652 Test Plan: Added to unit tests. Extended how db_stress validates LockWAL and re-enabled combination of ingestion and LockWAL in crash test, in follow-up to https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12642 Ran blackbox_crash_test for a long while with relevant features amplified. Suggested follow-up: fix FaultInjectionTestFS to report file sizes consistent with what the user has requested to be flushed. Reviewed By: jowlyzhang Differential Revision: D57622142 Pulled By: pdillinger fbshipit-source-id: aef265fce69465618974b4ec47f4636257c676ce	2024-06-02 16:50:15 -07:00
Hui Xiao	1b5474c8e1	Fix unreleased bug fix .md name (#12672 ) Summary: Context/Summary: as above Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12672 Test Plan: no code change Reviewed By: ajkr Differential Revision: D57505136 Pulled By: hx235 fbshipit-source-id: 0e216dc5974e9be10027b444eb6b4034f679dfd8	2024-06-02 16:49:53 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	b135fa7a8b	9.3.0 release notes	2024-06-02 16:21:22 -07:00