Fix deprecated use of 0/NULL in internal_repo_rocksdb/repo/util/xxhash.h + 5

Summary: `nullptr` is typesafe. `0` and `NULL` are not. In the future, only `nullptr` will be allowed. This diff helps us embrace the future _now_ in service of enabling `-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant`. Reviewed By: dmm-fb Differential Revision: D55559752 fbshipit-source-id: 9f1edc836ded919022c4b53722f6f86208fecf8d
Remove extra semi colon from icsp/lib/logging/IcspLogRpcMessage.cpp
2026-11-07 03:22:34 -05:00 · 2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00 · 2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00 · 2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00 · 2024-04-24 12:45:33 -07:00 · 2024-04-24 12:45:00 -07:00
485 changed files with 10850 additions and 39350 deletions
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 name: facebook/rocksdb/benchmark-linux
 on: workflow_dispatch
-permissions: {}
-  # FIXME: Disabled temporarily
-  # schedule:
-  # - cron: 7 */2 * * *  # At minute 7 past every 2nd hour
 jobs:
+  # FIXME: when this job is fixed, it should be given a cron schedule like
+  # schedule:
+  # - cron: 0 * * * *
+  # workflow_dispatch:
  benchmark-linux:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest # FIXME: change this back to self-hosted when ready
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/build-for-benchmarks"
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 name: facebook/rocksdb/nightly
 on: workflow_dispatch
-permissions: {}
 jobs:
  # These jobs would be in nightly but are failing or otherwise broken for
  # some reason.
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ on:
  schedule:
  - cron: 0 9 * * *
  workflow_dispatch:
-permissions: {}
 jobs:
  build-format-compatible:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
@@ -60,15 +59,12 @@ jobs:
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: clang-13
-      CXX: clang++-13
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/build-folly"
-    - run: LIB_MODE=static USE_CLANG=1 USE_FOLLY=1 COMPILE_WITH_UBSAN=1 COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make -j32 check
+    - run: CC=clang-13 CXX=clang++-13 LIB_MODE=static USE_CLANG=1 USE_FOLLY=1 COMPILE_WITH_UBSAN=1 COMPILE_WITH_ASAN=1 make -j32 check
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
  build-linux-valgrind:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
-    - run: make V=1 -j32 valgrind_test
+    - run: PORTABLE=1 make V=1 -j32 valgrind_test
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
  build-windows-vs2022-avx2:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
@@ -100,13 +96,3 @@ jobs:
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/windows-build-steps"
-  build-linux-arm-test-full:
-    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
-    runs-on:
-      labels: 4-core-ubuntu-arm
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
-      - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
-      - run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libgflags-dev
-      - run: make V=1 J=4 -j4 check
-      - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 name: facebook/rocksdb/pr-jobs-candidate
 on: workflow_dispatch
-permissions: {}
 jobs:
  # These jobs would be in pr-jobs but are failing or otherwise broken for
  # some reason.
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 name: facebook/rocksdb/pr-jobs
 on: [push, pull_request]
-permissions: {}
 jobs:
  # NOTE: multiple workflows would be recommended, but the current GHA UI in
  # PRs doesn't make it clear when there's an overall error with a workflow,
@@ -91,9 +90,6 @@ jobs:
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
@@ -108,47 +104,38 @@ jobs:
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
    - run: "(mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DUSE_FOLLY_LITE=1 -DWITH_GFLAGS=1 .. && make V=1 -j20)"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
-  build-linux-make-with-folly:
+  build-linux-gcc-7-with-folly:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
    runs-on:
      labels: 16-core-ubuntu
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/build-folly"
-    - run: USE_FOLLY=1 LIB_MODE=static V=1 make -j32 check
+    - run: USE_FOLLY=1 LIB_MODE=static CC=gcc-7 CXX=g++-7 V=1 make -j32 check
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
-  build-linux-make-with-folly-lite-no-test:
+  build-linux-gcc-7-with-folly-lite-no-test:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
    runs-on:
      labels: 16-core-ubuntu
    container:
      image: zjay437/rocksdb:0.6
      options: --shm-size=16gb
-    env:
-      CC: gcc-10
-      CXX: g++-10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
    - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
    - uses: "./.github/actions/setup-folly"
-    - run: USE_FOLLY_LITE=1 V=1 make -j32 all
+    - run: USE_FOLLY_LITE=1 CC=gcc-7 CXX=g++-7 V=1 make -j32 all
    - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
  build-linux-cmake-with-folly-coroutines:
    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
@@ -620,13 +607,3 @@ jobs:
      with:
        name: maven-site
        path: "${{ github.workspace }}/java/target/site"
-  build-linux-arm:
-    if: ${{ github.repository_owner == 'facebook' }}
-    runs-on:
-      labels: 4-core-ubuntu-arm
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.0
-      - uses: "./.github/actions/pre-steps"
-      - run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
-      - run: ROCKSDBTESTS_PLATFORM_DEPENDENT=only make V=1 J=4 -j4 all_but_some_tests check_some
-      - uses: "./.github/actions/post-steps"
@@ -47,9 +47,6 @@ package/
 unity.a
 tags
 etags
-GPATH
-GRTAGS
-GTAGS
 rocksdb_dump
 rocksdb_undump
 db_test2
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 # 3. cmake ..
 # 4. make -j

-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/modules/")
 include(ReadVersion)
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "s390x")
 if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "loongarch64")
  CHECK_C_COMPILER_FLAG("-march=loongarch64" HAS_LOONGARCH64)
  if(HAS_LOONGARCH64)
-    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -march=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -mcpu=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -mcpu=loongarch64 -mtune=loongarch64")
  endif(HAS_LOONGARCH64)
 endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "loongarch64")

@@ -488,8 +488,6 @@ if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Cygwin")
  add_definitions(-fno-builtin-memcmp -DCYGWIN)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Darwin")
  add_definitions(-DOS_MACOSX)
-elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "iOS")
-  add_definitions(-DOS_MACOSX -DIOS_CROSS_COMPILE)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
  add_definitions(-DOS_LINUX)
 elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "SunOS")
@@ -617,7 +615,7 @@ if(USE_FOLLY)
    FMT_INST_PATH)
    exec_program(ls ARGS -d ${FOLLY_INST_PATH}/../gflags* OUTPUT_VARIABLE
    GFLAGS_INST_PATH)
-    set(Boost_DIR ${BOOST_INST_PATH}/lib/cmake/Boost-1.83.0)
+    set(Boost_DIR ${BOOST_INST_PATH}/lib/cmake/Boost-1.78.0)
    if(EXISTS ${FMT_INST_PATH}/lib64)
      set(fmt_DIR ${FMT_INST_PATH}/lib64/cmake/fmt)
    else()
@@ -655,7 +653,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        cache/sharded_cache.cc
        cache/tiered_secondary_cache.cc
        db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc
-        db/attribute_group_iterator_impl.cc
        db/blob/blob_contents.cc
        db/blob/blob_fetcher.cc
        db/blob/blob_file_addition.cc
@@ -672,7 +669,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        db/blob/prefetch_buffer_collection.cc
        db/builder.cc
        db/c.cc
-        db/coalescing_iterator.cc
        db/column_family.cc
        db/compaction/compaction.cc
        db/compaction/compaction_iterator.cc
@@ -693,7 +689,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        db/db_impl/db_impl_write.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_compaction_flush.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_files.cc
-        db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_open.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_debug.cc
        db/db_impl/db_impl_experimental.cc
@@ -720,6 +715,7 @@ set(SOURCES
        db/memtable_list.cc
        db/merge_helper.cc
        db/merge_operator.cc
+        db/multi_cf_iterator.cc
        db/output_validator.cc
        db/periodic_task_scheduler.cc
        db/range_del_aggregator.cc
@@ -751,7 +747,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        env/env_encryption.cc
        env/file_system.cc
        env/file_system_tracer.cc
-        env/fs_on_demand.cc
        env/fs_remap.cc
        env/mock_env.cc
        env/unique_id_gen.cc
@@ -779,7 +774,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        memtable/hash_skiplist_rep.cc
        memtable/skiplistrep.cc
        memtable/vectorrep.cc
-        memtable/wbwi_memtable.cc
        memtable/write_buffer_manager.cc
        monitoring/histogram.cc
        monitoring/histogram_windowing.cc
@@ -940,7 +934,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        utilities/persistent_cache/volatile_tier_impl.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache.cc
-        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector.cc
        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector.cc
        utilities/trace/file_trace_reader_writer.cc
        utilities/trace/replayer_impl.cc
@@ -961,7 +954,6 @@ set(SOURCES
        utilities/transactions/write_prepared_txn_db.cc
        utilities/transactions/write_unprepared_txn.cc
        utilities/transactions/write_unprepared_txn_db.cc
-        utilities/types_util.cc
        utilities/ttl/db_ttl_impl.cc
        utilities/wal_filter.cc
        utilities/write_batch_with_index/write_batch_with_index.cc
@@ -1053,7 +1045,6 @@ if(USE_FOLLY_LITE)
  list(APPEND SOURCES
    third-party/folly/folly/container/detail/F14Table.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/detail/Futex.cpp
-    third-party/folly/folly/lang/Exception.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/lang/SafeAssert.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/lang/ToAscii.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/ScopeGuard.cpp
@@ -1061,12 +1052,6 @@ if(USE_FOLLY_LITE)
    third-party/folly/folly/synchronization/DistributedMutex.cpp
    third-party/folly/folly/synchronization/ParkingLot.cpp)
  include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third-party/folly)
-  exec_program(python3 ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third-party/folly ARGS
-  build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-source-dir boost OUTPUT_VARIABLE
-  BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)
-  exec_program(ls ARGS -d ${BOOST_SOURCE_PATH}/boost* OUTPUT_VARIABLE
-  BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR)
-  include_directories(${BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR})
  add_definitions(-DUSE_FOLLY -DFOLLY_NO_CONFIG)
  list(APPEND THIRDPARTY_LIBS glog)
 endif()
@@ -1376,7 +1361,6 @@ if(WITH_TESTS)
        db/file_indexer_test.cc
        db/filename_test.cc
        db/flush_job_test.cc
-        db/db_follower_test.cc
        db/import_column_family_test.cc
        db/listener_test.cc
        db/log_test.cc
@@ -1490,7 +1474,6 @@ if(WITH_TESTS)
        utilities/persistent_cache/persistent_cache_test.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator_test.cc
        utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache_test.cc
-        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.cc
        utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.cc
        utilities/transactions/optimistic_transaction_test.cc
        utilities/transactions/transaction_test.cc
@@ -1501,7 +1484,6 @@ if(WITH_TESTS)
        utilities/transactions/lock/range/range_locking_test.cc
        utilities/transactions/timestamped_snapshot_test.cc
        utilities/ttl/ttl_test.cc
-        utilities/types_util_test.cc
        utilities/util_merge_operators_test.cc
        utilities/write_batch_with_index/write_batch_with_index_test.cc
 	${PLUGIN_TESTS}
@@ -1,227 +1,31 @@
 # Rocksdb Change Log
 > NOTE: Entries for next release do not go here. Follow instructions in `unreleased_history/README.txt`

-## 9.9.3 (12/03/2024)
-### Performance Improvements
-* In buffered IO mode, try to align writes on power of 2 if checksum handoff is not enabled for the file type being written.
-
-## 9.9.2 (11/22/2024)
+## 9.1.2 (04/24/2024)
 ### Bug Fixes
-* Honor ConfigOptions.ignore_unknown_options in ParseStruct()
-
-## 9.9.1 (11/30/2024)
-### Behavior Changes
-* Updates the hidden hook RocksDbThreadYieldAndCheckAbort() to support MySQL to abort long-running query.
-
-## 9.9.0 (11/18/2024)
-### New Features
-* Multi-Column-Family-Iterator (CoalescingIterator/AttributeGroupIterator) is no longer marked as experimental
-* Adds a new table property "rocksdb.newest.key.time" which records the unix timestamp of the newest key. Uses this table property for FIFO TTL and temperature change compaction.
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Added a new API `Transaction::GetAttributeGroupIterator` that can be used to create a multi-column-family attribute group iterator over the specified column families, including the data from both the transaction and the underlying database. This API is currently supported for optimistic and write-committed pessimistic transactions.
-* Added a new API `Transaction::GetCoalescingIterator` that can be used to create a multi-column-family coalescing iterator over the specified column families, including the data from both the transaction and the underlying database. This API is currently supported for optimistic and write-committed pessimistic transactions.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* `BaseDeltaIterator` now honors the read option `allow_unprepared_value`.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* `BaseDeltaIterator` now calls `PrepareValue` on the base iterator in case it has been created with the `allow_unprepared_value` read option set. Earlier, such base iterators could lead to incorrect values being exposed from `BaseDeltaIterator`.
-* Fix a leak of obsolete blob files left open until DB::Close(). This bug was introduced in version 9.4.0.
-* Fix missing cases of corruption retry during DB open and read API processing.
-* Fix a bug for transaction db with 2pc where an old WAL may be retained longer than needed (#13127).
-* Fix leaks of some open SST files (until `DB::Close()`) that are written but never become live due to various failures. (We now have a check for such leaks with no outstanding issues.)
-* Fix a bug for replaying WALs for WriteCommitted transaction DB when its user-defined timestamps setting is toggled on/off between DB sessions.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-* Fix regression in issue #12038 due to `Options::compaction_readahead_size` greater than `max_sectors_kb` (i.e, largest I/O size that the OS issues to a block device defined in linux)
-
-## 9.8.0 (10/25/2024)
-### New Features
-* All non-`block_cache` options in `BlockBasedTableOptions` are now mutable with `DB::SetOptions()`. See also Bug Fixes below.
-* When using iterators with BlobDB, it is now possible to load large values on an on-demand basis, i.e. only if they are actually needed by the application. This can save I/O in use cases where the values associated with certain keys are not needed. For more details, see the new read option `allow_unprepared_value` and the iterator API `PrepareValue`.
-* Add a new file ingestion option `IngestExternalFileOptions::fill_cache` to support not adding blocks from ingested files into block cache during file ingestion.
-* The option `allow_unprepared_value` is now also supported for multi-column-family iterators (i.e. `CoalescingIterator` and `AttributeGroupIterator`).
-* When a file with just one range deletion (standalone range deletion file) is ingested via bulk loading, it will be marked for compaction. During compaction, this type of files can be used to directly filter out some input files that are not protected by any snapshots and completely deleted by the standalone range deletion file.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* During file ingestion, overlapping files level assignment are done in multiple batches, so that they can potentially be assigned to lower levels other than always land on L0.
-* OPTIONS file to be loaded by remote worker is now preserved so that it does not get purged by the primary host. A similar technique as how we are preserving new SST files from getting purged is used for this. min_options_file_numbers_ is tracked like pending_outputs_ is tracked.
-* Trim readahead_size during scans so data blocks containing keys that are not in the same prefix as the seek key in `Seek()` are not prefetched when `ReadOptions::auto_readahead_size=true` (default value) and `ReadOptions::prefix_same_as_start = true`
-* Assigning levels for external files are done in the same way for universal compaction and leveled compaction. The old behavior tends to assign files to L0 while the new behavior will assign the files to the lowest level possible.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a longstanding race condition in SetOptions for `block_based_table_factory` options. The fix has some subtle behavior changes because of copying and replacing the TableFactory on a change with SetOptions, including requiring an Iterator::Refresh() for an existing Iterator to use the latest options.
-* Fix under counting of allocated memory in the compressed secondary cache due to looking at the compressed block size rather than the actual memory allocated, which could be larger due to internal fragmentation.
-* `GetApproximateMemTableStats()` could return disastrously bad estimates 5-25% of the time. The function has been re-engineered to return much better estimates with similar CPU cost.
-* Skip insertion of compressed blocks in the secondary cache if the lowest_used_cache_tier DB option is kVolatileTier.
-* Fix an issue in level compaction where a small CF with small compaction debt can cause the DB to allow parallel compactions. (#13054)
-* Several DB option settings could be lost through `GetOptionsFromString()`, possibly elsewhere as well. Affected options, now fixed:`background_close_inactive_wals`, `write_dbid_to_manifest`, `write_identity_file`, `prefix_seek_opt_in_only`
-
-## 9.7.0 (09/20/2024)
-### New Features
-* Make Cache a customizable class that can be instantiated by the object registry.
-* Add new option `prefix_seek_opt_in_only` that makes iterators generally safer when you might set a `prefix_extractor`. When `prefix_seek_opt_in_only=true`, which is expected to be the future default, prefix seek is only used when `prefix_same_as_start` or `auto_prefix_mode` are set. Also, `prefix_same_as_start` and `auto_prefix_mode` now allow prefix filtering even with `total_order_seek=true`.
-* Add a new table property "rocksdb.key.largest.seqno" which records the largest sequence number of all keys in file. It is verified to be zero during SST file ingestion.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* Changed the semantics of the BlobDB configuration option `blob_garbage_collection_force_threshold` to define a threshold for the overall garbage ratio of all blob files currently eligible for garbage collection (according to `blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff`). This can provide better control over space amplification at the cost of slightly higher write amplification.
-* Set `write_dbid_to_manifest=true` by default. This means DB ID will now be preserved through backups, checkpoints, etc. by default. Also add `write_identity_file` option which can be set to false for anticipated future behavior.
-* In FIFO compaction, compactions for changing file temperature (configured by option `file_temperature_age_thresholds`) will compact one file at a time, instead of merging multiple eligible file together (#13018).
-* Support ingesting db generated files using hard link, i.e. IngestExternalFileOptions::move_files/link_files and IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files.
-* Add a new file ingestion option `IngestExternalFileOptions::link_files` to hard link input files and preserve original files links after ingestion.
-* DB::Close now untracks files in SstFileManager, making avaialble any space used
-by them. Prior to this change they would be orphaned until the DB is re-opened.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a bug in CompactRange() where result files may not be compacted in any future compaction. This can only happen when users configure CompactRangeOptions::change_level to true and the change level step of manual compaction fails (#13009).
-* Fix handling of dynamic change of `prefix_extractor` with memtable prefix filter. Previously, prefix seek could mix different prefix interpretations between memtable and SST files. Now the latest `prefix_extractor` at the time of iterator creation or refresh is respected.
-* Fix a bug with manual_wal_flush and auto error recovery from WAL failure that may cause CFs to be inconsistent (#12995). The fix will set potential WAL write failure as fatal error when manual_wal_flush is true, and disables auto error recovery from these errors.
-
-## 9.6.0 (08/19/2024)
-### New Features
-* Best efforts recovery supports recovering to incomplete Version with a clean seqno cut that presents a valid point in time view from the user's perspective, if versioning history doesn't include atomic flush.
-* New option `BlockBasedTableOptions::decouple_partitioned_filters` should improve efficiency in serving read queries because filter and index partitions can consistently target the configured `metadata_block_size`. This option is currently opt-in.
-* Introduce a new mutable CF option `paranoid_memory_checks`. It enables additional validation on data integrity during reads/scanning. Currently, skip list based memtable will validate key ordering during look up and scans.
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Add ticker stats to count file read retries due to checksum mismatch
-* Adds optional installation callback function for remote compaction
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* There may be less intra-L0 compaction triggered by total L0 size being too small. We now use compensated file size (tombstones are assigned some value size) when calculating L0 size and reduce the threshold for L0 size limit. This is to avoid accumulating too much data/tombstones in L0.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Make DestroyDB supports slow deletion when it's configured in `SstFileManager`. The slow deletion is subject to the configured `rate_bytes_per_sec`, but not subject to the `max_trash_db_ratio`.
-* Fixed a bug where we set unprep_seqs_ even when WriteImpl() fails. This was caught by stress test write fault injection in WriteImpl(). This may have incorrectly caused iteration creation failure for unvalidated writes or returned wrong result for WriteUnpreparedTxn::GetUnpreparedSequenceNumbers().
-* Fixed a bug where successful write right after error recovery for last failed write finishes causes duplicate WAL entries
-* Fixed a data race involving the background error status in `unordered_write` mode.
-* Fix a bug where file snapshot functions like backup, checkpoint may attempt to copy a non-existing manifest file. #12882
-* Fix a bug where per kv checksum corruption may be ignored in MultiGet().
-* Fix a race condition in pessimistic transactions that could allow multiple transactions with the same name to be registered simultaneously, resulting in a crash or other unpredictable behavior.
-
-## 9.5.0 (07/19/2024)
-### Public API Changes
-* Introduced new C API function rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf for column family-aware iteration over the contents of a WriteBatch
-* Add support to ingest SST files generated by a DB instead of SstFileWriter. This can be enabled with experimental option `IngestExternalFileOptions::allow_db_generated_files`.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* When calculating total log size for the `log_size_for_flush` argument in `CreateCheckpoint` API, the size of the archived log will not be included to avoid unnecessary flush
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a major bug in which an iterator using prefix filtering and SeekForPrev might miss data when the DB is using `whole_key_filtering=false` and `partition_filters=true`.
-* Fixed a bug where `OnErrorRecoveryBegin()` is not called before auto recovery starts.
-* Fixed a bug where event listener reads ErrorHandler's `bg_error_` member without holding db mutex(#12803).
-* Fixed a bug in handling MANIFEST write error that caused the latest valid MANIFEST file to get deleted, resulting in the DB being unopenable.
-* Fixed a race between error recovery due to manifest sync or write failure and external SST file ingestion. Both attempt to write a new manifest file, which causes an assertion failure.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-* Fix an issue where compactions were opening table files and reading table properties while holding db mutex_.
-* Reduce unnecessary filesystem queries and DB mutex acquires in creating backups and checkpoints.
-
-## 9.4.0 (06/23/2024)
-### New Features
-* Added a `CompactForTieringCollectorFactory` to auto trigger compaction for tiering use case.
-* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `GetEntityForUpdate` API.
-* Added a new "count" command to the ldb repl shell. By default, it prints a count of keys in the database from start to end. The options --from=<key> and/or --to=<key> can be specified to limit the range.
-* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps` in C API.
-* Add `rocksdb_iter_refresh` in C API.
-* Add `rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params`, `rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params` to create WB and WBWI with all options in C API
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Deprecated names `LogFile` and `VectorLogPtr` in favor of new names `WalFile` and `VectorWalPtr`.
-* Introduce a new universal compaction option CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp which allows user to define the limit on the number of sorted runs separately from the trigger for compaction (`level0_file_num_compaction_trigger`) #12477.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* Inactive WALs are immediately closed upon being fully sync-ed rather than in a background thread. This is to ensure LinkFile() is not called on files still open for write, which might not be supported by some FileSystem implementations. This should not be a performance issue, but an opt-out is available with with new DB option `background_close_inactive_wals`.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a rare case in which a hard-linked WAL in a Checkpoint is not fully synced (so might lose data on power loss).
-* Fixed the output of the `ldb dump_wal` command for `PutEntity` records so it prints the key and correctly resets the hexadecimal formatting flag after printing the wide-column entity.
-* Fixed an issue where `PutEntity` records were handled incorrectly while rebuilding transactions during recovery.
-* Various read operations could ignore various ReadOptions that might be relevant. Fixed many such cases, which can result in behavior change but a better reflection of specified options.
-
-### Performance Improvements
-* Improved write throughput to memtable when there's a large number of concurrent writers and allow_concurrent_memtable_write=true(#12545)
-
-## 9.3.0 (05/17/2024)
-### New Features
-* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `GetEntity` API.
-* Added new `Iterator` property, "rocksdb.iterator.is-value-pinned", for checking whether the `Slice` returned by `Iterator::value()` can be used until the `Iterator` is destroyed.
-* Optimistic transactions and WriteCommitted pessimistic transactions now support the `MultiGetEntity` API.
-* Optimistic transactions and pessimistic transactions with the WriteCommitted policy now support the `PutEntity` API. Support for read APIs and other write policies (WritePrepared, WriteUnprepared) will be added later.
-
-### Public API Changes
-* Exposed block based metadata cache options via C API
-* Exposed compaction pri via c api.
-* Add a kAdmPolicyAllowAll option to TieredAdmissionPolicy that admits all blocks evicted from the primary block cache into the compressed secondary cache.
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* CompactRange() with change_level=true on a CF with FIFO compaction will return Status::NotSupported().
-* External file ingestion with FIFO compaction will always ingest to L0.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fixed a bug for databases using `DBOptions::allow_2pc == true` (all `TransactionDB`s except `OptimisticTransactionDB`) that have exactly one column family. Due to a missing WAL sync, attempting to open the DB could have returned a `Status::Corruption` with a message like "SST file is ahead of WALs".
-* Fix a bug in CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() where if multiple CFs are imported, we were not resetting files' epoch number and L0 files can have overlapping key range but the same epoch number.
-* Fixed race conditions when `ColumnFamilyOptions::inplace_update_support == true` between user overwrites and reads on the same key.
-* Fix a bug where `CompactFiles()` can compact files of range conflict with other ongoing compactions' when `preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0` is used
-* Fixed a false positive `Status::Corruption` reported when reopening a DB that used `DBOptions::recycle_log_file_num > 0` and `DBOptions::wal_compression != kNoCompression`.
-* While WAL is locked with LockWAL(), some operations like Flush() and IngestExternalFile() are now blocked as they should have been.
-* Fixed a bug causing stale memory access when using the TieredSecondaryCache with an NVM secondary cache, and a file system that supports return an FS allocated buffer for MultiRead (FSSupportedOps::kFSBuffer is set).
-
-## 9.2.0 (05/01/2024)
-### New Features
-* Added two options `deadline` and `max_size_bytes` for CacheDumper to exit early
-* Added a new API `GetEntityFromBatchAndDB` to `WriteBatchWithIndex` that can be used for wide-column point lookups with read-your-own-writes consistency. Similarly to `GetFromBatchAndDB`, the API can combine data from the write batch with data from the underlying database if needed. See the API comments for more details.
-* [Experimental] Introduce two new cross-column-family iterators - CoalescingIterator and AttributeGroupIterator. The CoalescingIterator enables users to iterate over multiple column families and access their values and columns. During this iteration, if the same key exists in more than one column family, the keys in the later column family will overshadow the previous ones. The AttributeGroupIterator allows users to gather wide columns per Column Family and create attribute groups while iterating over keys across all CFs.
-* Added a new API `MultiGetEntityFromBatchAndDB` to `WriteBatchWithIndex` that can be used for batched wide-column point lookups with read-your-own-writes consistency. Similarly to `MultiGetFromBatchAndDB`, the API can combine data from the write batch with data from the underlying database if needed. See the API comments for more details.
-* Adds a `SstFileReader::NewTableIterator` API to support programmatically read a SST file as a raw table file.
-* Add an option to `WaitForCompactOptions` - `wait_for_purge` to make `WaitForCompact()` API wait for background purge to complete
-
-### Public API Changes
-* DeleteRange() will return NotSupported() if row_cache is configured since they don't work together in some cases.
-* Deprecated `CompactionOptions::compression` since `CompactionOptions`'s API for configuring compression was incomplete, unsafe, and likely unnecessary
-* Using `OptionChangeMigration()` to migrate from non-FIFO to FIFO compaction
-with `Options::compaction_options_fifo.max_table_files_size` > 0 can cause
-the whole DB to be dropped right after migration if the migrated data is larger than
-`max_table_files_size`
-
-### Behavior Changes
-* Enabling `BlockBasedTableOptions::block_align` is now incompatible (i.e., APIs will return `Status::InvalidArgument`) with more ways of enabling compression: `CompactionOptions::compression`, `ColumnFamilyOptions::compression_per_level`, and `ColumnFamilyOptions::bottommost_compression`.
-* Changed the default value of `CompactionOptions::compression` to `kDisableCompressionOption`, which means the compression type is determined by the `ColumnFamilyOptions`.
-* `BlockBasedTableOptions::optimize_filters_for_memory` is now set to true by default. When `partition_filters=false`, this could lead to somewhat increased average RSS memory usage by the block cache, but this "extra" usage is within the allowed memory budget and should make memory usage more consistent (by minimizing internal fragmentation for more kinds of blocks).
-* Dump all keys for cache dumper impl if `SetDumpFilter()` is not called
-* `CompactRange()` with `CompactRangeOptions::change_level = true` and `CompactRangeOptions::target_level = 0` that ends up moving more than 1 file from non-L0 to L0 will return `Status::Aborted()`.
-* On distributed file systems that support file system level checksum verification and reconstruction reads, RocksDB will now retry a file read if the initial read fails RocksDB block level or record level checksum verification. This applies to MANIFEST file reads when the DB is opened, and to SST file reads at all times.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix a bug causing `VerifyFileChecksums()` to return false-positive corruption under `BlockBasedTableOptions::block_align=true`
-* Provide consistent view of the database across the column families for `NewIterators()` API.
-* Fixed feature interaction bug for `DeleteRange()` together with `ColumnFamilyOptions::memtable_insert_with_hint_prefix_extractor`. The impact of this bug would likely be corruption or crashing.
 * Fixed hang in `DisableManualCompactions()` where compactions waiting to be scheduled due to conflicts would not be canceled promptly
+
+## 9.1.1 (04/17/2024)
+### Bug Fixes
+* Fixed Java `SstFileMetaData` to prevent throwing `java.lang.NoSuchMethodError`
 * Fixed a regression when `ColumnFamilyOptions::max_successive_merges > 0` where the CPU overhead for deciding whether to merge could have increased unless the user had set the option `ColumnFamilyOptions::strict_max_successive_merges`
-* Fixed a bug in `MultiGet()` and `MultiGetEntity()` together with blob files (`ColumnFamilyOptions::enable_blob_files == true`). An error looking up one of the keys could cause the results to be wrong for other keys for which the statuses were `Status::OK`.
-* Fixed a bug where wrong padded bytes are used to generate file checksum and `DataVerificationInfo::checksum` upon file creation
-* Correctly implemented the move semantics of `PinnableWideColumns`.
-* Fixed a bug when the recycle_log_file_num in DBOptions is changed from 0 to non-zero when a DB is reopened. On a subsequent reopen, if a log file created when recycle_log_file_num==0 was reused previously, is alive and is empty, we could end up inserting stale WAL records into the memtable.
-* Fix a bug where obsolete files' deletion during DB::Open are not rate limited with `SstFilemManager`'s slow deletion feature even if it's configured.

 ## 9.1.0 (03/22/2024)
 ### New Features
 * Added an option, `GetMergeOperandsOptions::continue_cb`, to give users the ability to end `GetMergeOperands()`'s lookup process before all merge operands were found.
-* Add sanity checks for ingesting external files that currently checks if the user key comparator used to create the file is compatible with the column family's user key comparator.
+* *Add sanity checks for ingesting external files that currently checks if the user key comparator used to create the file is compatible with the column family's user key comparator.
 *Support ingesting external files for column family that has user-defined timestamps in memtable only enabled.
 * On file systems that support storage level data checksum and reconstruction, retry SST block reads for point lookups, scans, and flush and compaction if there's a checksum mismatch on the initial read.
 * Some enhancements and fixes to experimental Temperature handling features, including new `default_write_temperature` CF option and opening an `SstFileWriter` with a temperature.
 * `WriteBatchWithIndex` now supports wide-column point lookups via the `GetEntityFromBatch` API. See the API comments for more details.
-* Implement experimental features: API `Iterator::GetProperty("rocksdb.iterator.write-time")` to allow users to get data's approximate write unix time and write data with a specific write time via `WriteBatch::TimedPut` API.
+* *Implement experimental features: API `Iterator::GetProperty("rocksdb.iterator.write-time")` to allow users to get data's approximate write unix time and write data with a specific write time via `WriteBatch::TimedPut` API.

 ### Public API Changes
 * Best-effort recovery (`best_efforts_recovery == true`) may now be used together with atomic flush (`atomic_flush == true`). The all-or-nothing recovery guarantee for atomically flushed data will be upheld.
 * Remove deprecated option `bottommost_temperature`, already replaced by `last_level_temperature`
 * Added new PerfContext counters for block cache bytes read - block_cache_index_read_byte, block_cache_filter_read_byte, block_cache_compression_dict_read_byte, and block_cache_read_byte.
 * Deprecate experimental Remote Compaction APIs - StartV2() and WaitForCompleteV2() and introduce Schedule() and Wait(). The new APIs essentially does the same thing as the old APIs. They allow taking externally generated unique id to wait for remote compaction to complete.
-* For API `WriteCommittedTransaction::GetForUpdate`, if the column family enables user-defined timestamp, it was mandated that argument `do_validate` cannot be false, and UDT based validation has to be done with a user set read timestamp. It's updated to make the UDT based validation optional if user sets `do_validate` to false and does not set a read timestamp. With this, `GetForUpdate` skips UDT based validation and it's users' responsibility to enforce the UDT invariant. SO DO NOT skip this UDT-based validation if users do not have ways to enforce the UDT invariant. Ways to enforce the invariant on the users side include manage a monotonically increasing timestamp, commit transactions in a single thread etc.
+* *For API `WriteCommittedTransaction::GetForUpdate`, if the column family enables user-defined timestamp, it was mandated that argument `do_validate` cannot be false, and UDT based validation has to be done with a user set read timestamp. It's updated to make the UDT based validation optional if user sets `do_validate` to false and does not set a read timestamp. With this, `GetForUpdate` skips UDT based validation and it's users' responsibility to enforce the UDT invariant. SO DO NOT skip this UDT-based validation if users do not have ways to enforce the UDT invariant. Ways to enforce the invariant on the users side include manage a monotonically increasing timestamp, commit transactions in a single thread etc.
 * Defined a new PerfLevel `kEnableWait` to measure time spent by user threads blocked in RocksDB other than mutex, such as a write thread waiting to be added to a write group, a write thread delayed or stalled etc.
 * `RateLimiter`'s API no longer requires the burst size to be the refill size. Users of `NewGenericRateLimiter()` can now provide burst size in `single_burst_bytes`. Implementors of `RateLimiter::SetSingleBurstBytes()` need to adapt their implementations to match the changed API doc.
 * Add `write_memtable_time` to the newly introduced PerfLevel `kEnableWait`.
@@ -254,7 +58,7 @@ MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 1024 thrpt 25 76
 ## 9.0.0 (02/16/2024)
 ### New Features
 * Provide support for FSBuffer for point lookups. Also added support for scans and compactions that don't go through prefetching.
-* Make `SstFileWriter` create SST files without persisting user defined timestamps when the `Option.persist_user_defined_timestamps` flag is set to false.
+* *Make `SstFileWriter` create SST files without persisting user defined timestamps when the `Option.persist_user_defined_timestamps` flag is set to false.
 * Add support for user-defined timestamps in APIs `DeleteFilesInRanges` and `GetPropertiesOfTablesInRange`.
 * Mark wal\_compression feature as production-ready. Currently only compatible with ZSTD compression.

@@ -264,9 +68,9 @@ MultiGetBenchmarks.multiGetList10 no_column_family 10000 16 100 1024 thrpt 25 76
 * Exposed mode option to Rate Limiter via c api.
 * Removed deprecated option `access_hint_on_compaction_start`
 * Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::check_flush_compaction_key_order`
-* Remove the default `WritableFile::GetFileSize` and `FSWritableFile::GetFileSize` implementation that returns 0 and make it pure virtual, so that subclasses are enforced to explicitly provide an implementation.
+* *Remove the default `WritableFile::GetFileSize` and `FSWritableFile::GetFileSize` implementation that returns 0 and make it pure virtual, so that subclasses are enforced to explicitly provide an implementation.
 * Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::level_compaction_dynamic_file_size`
-* Removed tickers with typos "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.errro.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.io.errro.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.retryable.io.errro.count".
+* *Removed tickers with typos "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.errro.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.io.errro.count", "rocksdb.error.handler.bg.retryable.io.errro.count".
 * Remove the force mode for `EnableFileDeletions` API because it is unsafe with no known legitimate use.
 * Removed deprecated option `ColumnFamilyOptions::ignore_max_compaction_bytes_for_input`
 * `sst_dump --command=check` now compares the number of records in a table with `num_entries` in table property, and reports corruption if there is a mismatch. API `SstFileDumper::ReadSequential()` is updated to optionally do this verification. (#12322)
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ dummy := $(shell (export ROCKSDB_ROOT="$(CURDIR)"; \
                  export LIB_MODE="$(LIB_MODE)"; \
 		  export ROCKSDB_CXX_STANDARD="$(ROCKSDB_CXX_STANDARD)"; \
 		  export USE_FOLLY="$(USE_FOLLY)"; \
-		  export USE_FOLLY_LITE="$(USE_FOLLY_LITE)"; \
                  "$(CURDIR)/build_tools/build_detect_platform" "$(CURDIR)/make_config.mk"))
 # this file is generated by the previous line to set build flags and sources
 include make_config.mk
@@ -501,17 +500,6 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(USE_FOLLY_LITE),1)
 	# Path to the Folly source code and include files
 	FOLLY_DIR = ./third-party/folly
-ifneq ($(strip $(BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)),)
-	BOOST_INCLUDE = $(shell (ls -d $(BOOST_SOURCE_PATH)/boost*/))
-	# AIX: pre-defined system headers are surrounded by an extern "C" block
-	ifeq ($(PLATFORM), OS_AIX)
-		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -I$(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-		PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS += -I$(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-	else
-		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -isystem $(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-		PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS += -isystem $(BOOST_INCLUDE)
-	endif
-endif  # BOOST_SOURCE_PATH
 	# AIX: pre-defined system headers are surrounded by an extern "C" block
 	ifeq ($(PLATFORM), OS_AIX)
 		PLATFORM_CCFLAGS += -I$(FOLLY_DIR)
@@ -630,11 +618,6 @@ VALGRIND_VER := $(join $(VALGRIND_VER),valgrind)
 VALGRIND_OPTS = --error-exitcode=$(VALGRIND_ERROR) --leak-check=full
 # Not yet supported: --show-leak-kinds=definite,possible,reachable --errors-for-leak-kinds=definite,possible,reachable

-# Work around valgrind hanging on systems with limited internet access
-ifneq ($(shell which git 2>/dev/null && git config --get https.proxy),)
-  export DEBUGINFOD_URLS=
-endif
-
 TEST_OBJECTS = $(patsubst %.cc, $(OBJ_DIR)/%.o, $(TEST_LIB_SOURCES) $(MOCK_LIB_SOURCES)) $(GTEST)
 BENCH_OBJECTS = $(patsubst %.cc, $(OBJ_DIR)/%.o, $(BENCH_LIB_SOURCES))
 CACHE_BENCH_OBJECTS = $(patsubst %.cc, $(OBJ_DIR)/%.o, $(CACHE_BENCH_LIB_SOURCES))
@@ -653,37 +636,26 @@ TESTS = $(patsubst %.cc, %, $(notdir $(TEST_MAIN_SOURCES)))
 TESTS += $(patsubst %.c, %, $(notdir $(TEST_MAIN_SOURCES_C)))
 TESTS += $(PLUGIN_TESTS)

-# `make check-headers` to verify that each header file includes its own deps
-# and that public headers do not depend on internal headers
+# `make check-headers` to very that each header file includes its own
+# dependencies
 ifneq ($(filter check-headers, $(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 # TODO: add/support JNI headers
 	DEV_HEADER_DIRS := $(sort include/ $(dir $(ALL_SOURCES)))
 # Some headers like in port/ are platform-specific
-	DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK := $(shell $(FIND) $(DEV_HEADER_DIRS) -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'port/|plugin/|lua/|range_tree/')
-	PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK := $(shell $(FIND) include/ -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'lua/')
+	DEV_HEADERS := $(shell $(FIND) $(DEV_HEADER_DIRS) -type f -name '*.h' | grep -E -v 'port/|plugin/|lua/|range_tree/')
 else
-	DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK :=
-	PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK :=
+	DEV_HEADERS :=
 endif
-HEADER_OK_FILES = $(patsubst %.h, %.h.ok, $(DEV_HEADERS_TO_CHECK)) \
-	$(patsubst %.h, %.h.pub, $(PUBLIC_HEADERS_TO_CHECK))
+HEADER_OK_FILES = $(patsubst %.h, %.h.ok, $(DEV_HEADERS))

 AM_V_CCH = $(am__v_CCH_$(V))
 am__v_CCH_ = $(am__v_CCH_$(AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY))
 am__v_CCH_0 = @echo "  CC.h    " $<;
 am__v_CCH_1 =

-# verify headers include their own dependencies, under dev build settings
 %.h.ok: %.h # .h.ok not actually created, so re-checked on each invocation
 # -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 ensures the namespace header is included
-	$(AM_V_CCH) echo '#include "$<"' | $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) \
-	  -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null
-
-# verify public headers do not depend on internal headers, under typical
-# user build settings
-%.h.pub: %.h # .h.pub not actually created, so re-checked on each invocation
-	$(AM_V_CCH) cd include/ && echo '#include "$(patsubst include/%,%,$<)"' | \
-	  $(CXX) -I. -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null
+	$(AM_V_CCH) echo '#include "$<"' | $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -DROCKSDB_NAMESPACE=42 -x c++ -c - -o /dev/null

 check-headers: $(HEADER_OK_FILES)

@@ -1169,16 +1141,16 @@ ubsan_crash_test_with_best_efforts_recovery: clean
 	$(MAKE) clean

 full_valgrind_test:
-	ROCKSDB_FULL_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 PORTABLE=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check
+	ROCKSDB_FULL_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check

 full_valgrind_test_some:
-	ROCKSDB_FULL_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 PORTABLE=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check_some
+	ROCKSDB_FULL_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check_some

 valgrind_test:
-	ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 PORTABLE=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check
+	ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check

 valgrind_test_some:
-	ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 PORTABLE=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check_some
+	ROCKSDB_VALGRIND_RUN=1 DISABLE_JEMALLOC=1 $(MAKE) valgrind_check_some

 valgrind_check: $(TESTS)
 	$(MAKE) DRIVER="$(VALGRIND_VER) $(VALGRIND_OPTS)" gen_parallel_tests
@@ -1638,9 +1610,6 @@ object_registry_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/object_registry_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY
 ttl_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/ttl/ttl_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

-types_util_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/types_util_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
-	$(AM_LINK)
-
 write_batch_with_index_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/write_batch_with_index/write_batch_with_index_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

@@ -1659,9 +1628,6 @@ compaction_job_stats_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/compaction/compaction_job_stats_test.o
 compaction_service_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/compaction/compaction_service_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

-compact_for_tiering_collector_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
-	$(AM_LINK)
-
 compact_on_deletion_collector_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

@@ -1953,9 +1919,6 @@ sst_file_reader_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/table/sst_file_reader_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(
 db_secondary_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/db_secondary_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

-db_follower_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/db/db_follower_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
-	$(AM_LINK)
-
 block_cache_tracer_test: $(OBJ_DIR)/trace_replay/block_cache_tracer_test.o $(TEST_LIBRARY) $(LIBRARY)
 	$(AM_LINK)

@@ -2144,8 +2107,8 @@ ZLIB_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= http://zlib.net
 BZIP2_VER ?= 1.0.8
 BZIP2_SHA256 ?= ab5a03176ee106d3f0fa90e381da478ddae405918153cca248e682cd0c4a2269
 BZIP2_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= http://sourceware.org/pub/bzip2
-SNAPPY_VER ?= 1.2.1
-SNAPPY_SHA256 ?= 736aeb64d86566d2236ddffa2865ee5d7a82d26c9016b36218fcc27ea4f09f86
+SNAPPY_VER ?= 1.1.8
+SNAPPY_SHA256 ?= 16b677f07832a612b0836178db7f374e414f94657c138e6993cbfc5dcc58651f
 SNAPPY_DOWNLOAD_BASE ?= https://github.com/google/snappy/archive
 LZ4_VER ?= 1.9.4
 LZ4_SHA256 ?= 0b0e3aa07c8c063ddf40b082bdf7e37a1562bda40a0ff5272957f3e987e0e54b
@@ -2242,7 +2205,7 @@ libsnappy.a: snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER).tar.gz
 	-rm -rf snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)
 	tar xvzf snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER).tar.gz
 	mkdir snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build
-	cd snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build && CFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CCFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CFLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CXXFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CXXFLAGS}' LDFLAGS='${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_LDFLAGS} ${EXTRA_LDFLAGS}' cmake -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON -DSNAPPY_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=OFF -DSNAPPY_BUILD_TESTS=OFF --compile-no-warning-as-error ${PLATFORM_CMAKE_FLAGS} .. && $(MAKE) ${SNAPPY_MAKE_TARGET}
+	cd snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build && CFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CCFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CFLAGS}' CXXFLAGS='$(ARCHFLAG) ${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_CXXFLAGS} ${EXTRA_CXXFLAGS}' LDFLAGS='${JAVA_STATIC_DEPS_LDFLAGS} ${EXTRA_LDFLAGS}' cmake -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON ${PLATFORM_CMAKE_FLAGS} .. && $(MAKE) ${SNAPPY_MAKE_TARGET}
 	cp snappy-$(SNAPPY_VER)/build/libsnappy.a .

 lz4-$(LZ4_VER).tar.gz:
@@ -2489,13 +2452,14 @@ checkout_folly:
 	fi
 	@# Pin to a particular version for public CI, so that PR authors don't
 	@# need to worry about folly breaking our integration. Update periodically
-	cd third-party/folly && git reset --hard 03041f014b6e6ebb6119ffae8b7a37308f52e913
+	cd third-party/folly && git reset --hard beacd86d63cd71c904632262e6c36f60874d78ba
+	@# A hack to remove boost dependency.
+	@# NOTE: this hack is only needed if building using USE_FOLLY_LITE
+	perl -pi -e 's/^(#include <boost)/\/\/$$1/' third-party/folly/folly/functional/Invoke.h
 	@# NOTE: this hack is required for clang in some cases
 	perl -pi -e 's/int rv = syscall/int rv = (int)syscall/' third-party/folly/folly/detail/Futex.cpp
 	@# NOTE: this hack is required for gcc in some cases
 	perl -pi -e 's/(__has_include.<experimental.memory_resource>.)/__cpp_rtti && $$1/' third-party/folly/folly/memory/MemoryResource.h
-	@# NOTE: boost source will be needed for any build including `USE_FOLLY_LITE` builds as those depend on boost headers
-	cd third-party/folly && $(PYTHON) build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py fetch boost

 CXX_M_FLAGS = $(filter -m%, $(CXXFLAGS))

@@ -2507,6 +2471,8 @@ build_folly:
 		echo "Please run checkout_folly first"; \
 		false; \
 	fi
+	# Restore the original version of Invoke.h with boost dependency
+	cd third-party/folly && ${GIT_COMMAND} checkout folly/functional/Invoke.h
 	cd third-party/folly && \
 		CXXFLAGS=" $(CXX_M_FLAGS) -DHAVE_CXX11_ATOMIC " $(PYTHON) build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py build --no-tests

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # This file is a Facebook-specific integration for buck builds, so can
 # only be validated by Facebook employees.
 load("//rocks/buckifier:defs.bzl", "cpp_library_wrapper","rocks_cpp_library_wrapper","cpp_binary_wrapper","cpp_unittest_wrapper","fancy_bench_wrapper","add_c_test_wrapper")
-load("@fbcode_macros//build_defs:export_files.bzl", "export_file")


 cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "cache/sharded_cache.cc",
        "cache/tiered_secondary_cache.cc",
        "db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc",
-        "db/attribute_group_iterator_impl.cc",
        "db/blob/blob_contents.cc",
        "db/blob/blob_fetcher.cc",
        "db/blob/blob_file_addition.cc",
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "db/blob/prefetch_buffer_collection.cc",
        "db/builder.cc",
        "db/c.cc",
-        "db/coalescing_iterator.cc",
        "db/column_family.cc",
        "db/compaction/compaction.cc",
        "db/compaction/compaction_iterator.cc",
@@ -61,7 +58,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_debug.cc",
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_experimental.cc",
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_files.cc",
-        "db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.cc",
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_open.cc",
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_readonly.cc",
        "db/db_impl/db_impl_secondary.cc",
@@ -87,6 +83,7 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "db/memtable_list.cc",
        "db/merge_helper.cc",
        "db/merge_operator.cc",
+        "db/multi_cf_iterator.cc",
        "db/output_validator.cc",
        "db/periodic_task_scheduler.cc",
        "db/range_del_aggregator.cc",
@@ -119,7 +116,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "env/env_posix.cc",
        "env/file_system.cc",
        "env/file_system_tracer.cc",
-        "env/fs_on_demand.cc",
        "env/fs_posix.cc",
        "env/fs_remap.cc",
        "env/io_posix.cc",
@@ -149,7 +145,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "memtable/hash_skiplist_rep.cc",
        "memtable/skiplistrep.cc",
        "memtable/vectorrep.cc",
-        "memtable/wbwi_memtable.cc",
        "memtable/write_buffer_manager.cc",
        "monitoring/histogram.cc",
        "monitoring/histogram_windowing.cc",
@@ -318,7 +313,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "utilities/persistent_cache/volatile_tier_impl.cc",
        "utilities/simulator_cache/cache_simulator.cc",
        "utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache.cc",
-        "utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector.cc",
        "utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector.cc",
        "utilities/trace/file_trace_reader_writer.cc",
        "utilities/trace/replayer_impl.cc",
@@ -352,7 +346,6 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "utilities/transactions/write_unprepared_txn.cc",
        "utilities/transactions/write_unprepared_txn_db.cc",
        "utilities/ttl/db_ttl_impl.cc",
-        "utilities/types_util.cc",
        "utilities/wal_filter.cc",
        "utilities/write_batch_with_index/write_batch_with_index.cc",
        "utilities/write_batch_with_index/write_batch_with_index_internal.cc",
@@ -363,9 +356,9 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
        "//folly/experimental/coro:coroutine",
        "//folly/experimental/coro:task",
        "//folly/synchronization:distributed_mutex",
-    ], headers=glob(["**/*.h"]), link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)
+    ], headers=None, link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)

-cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_whole_archive_lib", srcs=[], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=[], link_whole=True, extra_test_libs=False)
+cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_whole_archive_lib", srcs=[], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=None, link_whole=True, extra_test_libs=False)

 cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_test_lib", srcs=[
        "db/db_test_util.cc",
@@ -379,7 +372,7 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_test_lib", srcs=[
        "tools/trace_analyzer_tool.cc",
        "utilities/agg_merge/test_agg_merge.cc",
        "utilities/cassandra/test_utils.cc",
-    ], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=[], link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=True)
+    ], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=None, link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=True)

 cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_tools_lib", srcs=[
        "test_util/testutil.cc",
@@ -387,16 +380,15 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_tools_lib", srcs=[
        "tools/db_bench_tool.cc",
        "tools/simulated_hybrid_file_system.cc",
        "tools/trace_analyzer_tool.cc",
-    ], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=[], link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)
+    ], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=None, link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)

-cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_cache_bench_tools_lib", srcs=["cache/cache_bench_tool.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=[], link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)
+cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_cache_bench_tools_lib", srcs=["cache/cache_bench_tool.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_lib"], headers=None, link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=False)

 rocks_cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_stress_lib", srcs=[
        "db_stress_tool/batched_ops_stress.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/cf_consistency_stress.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_common.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_driver.cc",
-        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_filters.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_gflags.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_listener.cc",
        "db_stress_tool/db_stress_shared_state.cc",
@@ -411,15 +403,11 @@ rocks_cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_stress_lib", srcs=[
        "test_util/testutil.cc",
        "tools/block_cache_analyzer/block_cache_trace_analyzer.cc",
        "tools/trace_analyzer_tool.cc",
-    ], headers=[])
+    ], headers=None)


-cpp_binary_wrapper(name="ldb", srcs=["tools/ldb.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_tools_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)
-
 cpp_binary_wrapper(name="db_stress", srcs=["db_stress_tool/db_stress.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_stress_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)

-cpp_binary_wrapper(name="db_bench", srcs=["tools/db_bench.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_tools_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)
-
 cpp_binary_wrapper(name="cache_bench", srcs=["cache/cache_bench.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_cache_bench_tools_lib"], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=False)

 cpp_binary_wrapper(name="ribbon_bench", srcs=["microbench/ribbon_bench.cc"], deps=[], extra_preprocessor_flags=[], extra_bench_libs=True)
@@ -4631,12 +4619,6 @@ cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_files_test",
            extra_compiler_flags=[])


-cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_for_tiering_collector_test",
-            srcs=["utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_for_tiering_collector_test.cc"],
-            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
-            extra_compiler_flags=[])
-
-
 cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="compact_on_deletion_collector_test",
            srcs=["utilities/table_properties_collectors/compact_on_deletion_collector_test.cc"],
            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
@@ -4811,12 +4793,6 @@ cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="db_flush_test",
            extra_compiler_flags=[])


-cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="db_follower_test",
-            srcs=["db/db_follower_test.cc"],
-            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
-            extra_compiler_flags=[])
-
-
 cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="db_inplace_update_test",
            srcs=["db/db_inplace_update_test.cc"],
            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
@@ -5027,7 +5003,7 @@ cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="dynamic_bloom_test",
            extra_compiler_flags=[])


-cpp_library_wrapper(name="env_basic_test_lib", srcs=["env/env_basic_test.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"], headers=[], link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=True)
+cpp_library_wrapper(name="env_basic_test_lib", srcs=["env/env_basic_test.cc"], deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"], headers=None, link_whole=False, extra_test_libs=True)

 cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="env_basic_test",
            srcs=["env/env_basic_test.cc"],
@@ -5551,12 +5527,6 @@ cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="ttl_test",
            extra_compiler_flags=[])


-cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="types_util_test",
-            srcs=["utilities/types_util_test.cc"],
-            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
-            extra_compiler_flags=[])
-
-
 cpp_unittest_wrapper(name="udt_util_test",
            srcs=["util/udt_util_test.cc"],
            deps=[":rocksdb_test_lib"],
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 # Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

 try:
    from builtins import str
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ import json
 import os
 import sys

-from targets_builder import TARGETSBuilder, LiteralValue
+from targets_builder import TARGETSBuilder

 from util import ColorString

@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
    if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
        # Heuristically quote and canonicalize whitespace for inclusion
        # in how the file was generated.
-        extra_argv = " '{}'".format(" ".join(sys.argv[1].split()))
+        extra_argv = " '{0}'".format(" ".join(sys.argv[1].split()))

    TARGETS = TARGETSBuilder("%s/TARGETS" % repo_path, extra_argv)

@@ -149,7 +150,6 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
            "//folly/experimental/coro:task",
            "//folly/synchronization:distributed_mutex",
        ],
-        headers=LiteralValue("glob([\"**/*.h\"])")
    )
    # rocksdb_whole_archive_lib
    TARGETS.add_library(
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
        deps=[
            ":rocksdb_lib",
        ],
+        headers=None,
        extra_external_deps="",
        link_whole=True,
    )
@@ -192,18 +193,10 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
        + src_mk.get("STRESS_LIB_SOURCES", [])
        + ["test_util/testutil.cc"],
    )
-    # ldb binary
-    TARGETS.add_binary(
-        "ldb", ["tools/ldb.cc"], [":rocksdb_tools_lib"]
-    )
    # db_stress binary
    TARGETS.add_binary(
        "db_stress", ["db_stress_tool/db_stress.cc"], [":rocksdb_stress_lib"]
    )
-    # db_bench binary
-    TARGETS.add_binary(
-        "db_bench", ["tools/db_bench.cc"], [":rocksdb_tools_lib"]
-    )
    # cache_bench binary
    TARGETS.add_binary(
        "cache_bench", ["cache/cache_bench.cc"], [":rocksdb_cache_bench_tools_lib"]
@@ -212,7 +205,7 @@ def generate_targets(repo_path, deps_map):
    for src in src_mk.get("MICROBENCH_SOURCES", []):
        name = src.rsplit("/", 1)[1].split(".")[0] if "/" in src else src.split(".")[0]
        TARGETS.add_binary(name, [src], [], extra_bench_libs=True)
-    print(f"Extra dependencies:\n{json.dumps(deps_map)}")
+    print("Extra dependencies:\n{0}".format(json.dumps(deps_map)))

    # Dictionary test executable name -> relative source file path
    test_source_map = {}
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

 try:
    from builtins import object, str
@@ -8,28 +9,17 @@ import pprint

 import targets_cfg

-class LiteralValue:
-    def __init__(self, value):
-        self.value = value
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return str(self.value)
-
-def smart_quote_value(val):
-    if isinstance(val, LiteralValue):
-        return str(val)
-    return '"%s"' % val

 def pretty_list(lst, indent=8):
    if lst is None or len(lst) == 0:
        return ""

    if len(lst) == 1:
-        return smart_quote_value(lst[0])
+        return '"%s"' % lst[0]

-    separator = ',\n%s' % (" " * indent)
-    res = separator.join(sorted(map(smart_quote_value, lst)))
-    res = "\n" + (" " * indent) + res + ',\n' + (" " * (indent - 4))
+    separator = '",\n%s"' % (" " * indent)
+    res = separator.join(sorted(lst))
+    res = "\n" + (" " * indent) + '"' + res + '",\n' + (" " * (indent - 4))
    return res


@@ -58,12 +48,7 @@ class TARGETSBuilder:
        extra_test_libs=False,
    ):
        if headers is not None:
-            if isinstance(headers, LiteralValue):
-                headers = str(headers)
-            else:
-                headers = "[" + pretty_list(headers) + "]"
-        else:
-            headers = "[]"
+            headers = "[" + pretty_list(headers) + "]"
        with open(self.path, "ab") as targets_file:
            targets_file.write(
                targets_cfg.library_template.format(
@@ -80,7 +65,8 @@ class TARGETSBuilder:
        self.total_lib = self.total_lib + 1

    def add_rocksdb_library(self, name, srcs, headers=None, external_dependencies=None):
-        headers = "[" + pretty_list(headers) + "]"
+        if headers is not None:
+            headers = "[" + pretty_list(headers) + "]"
        with open(self.path, "ab") as targets_file:
            targets_file.write(
                targets_cfg.rocksdb_library_template.format(
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

 rocksdb_target_header_template = """# This file \100generated by:
 #$ python3 buckifier/buckify_rocksdb.py{extra_argv}
@@ -6,7 +7,6 @@ rocksdb_target_header_template = """# This file \100generated by:
 # This file is a Facebook-specific integration for buck builds, so can
 # only be validated by Facebook employees.
 load("//rocks/buckifier:defs.bzl", "cpp_library_wrapper","rocks_cpp_library_wrapper","cpp_binary_wrapper","cpp_unittest_wrapper","fancy_bench_wrapper","add_c_test_wrapper")
-load("@fbcode_macros//build_defs:export_files.bzl", "export_file")

 """

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 """
 This module keeps commonly used components.
 """
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

 try:
    from builtins import object
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #
 # The solution is to move the include out of the #ifdef.

+from __future__ import print_function

 import argparse
 import re
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def expand_include(

    included.add(include_path)
    with open(include_path) as f:
-        print(f'#line 1 "{include_path}"', file=source_out)
+        print('#line 1 "{}"'.format(include_path), file=source_out)
        process_file(
            f, include_path, source_out, header_out, include_paths, public_include_paths
        )
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ def process_file(
                    )

            if expanded:
-                print(f'#line {line + 1} "{abs_path}"', file=source_out)
+                print('#line {} "{}"'.format(line + 1, abs_path), file=source_out)
        elif text != "#pragma once\n":
            source_out.write(text)

@@ -156,8 +157,8 @@ def main():
    with open(filename) as f, open(args.source_out, "w") as source_out, open(
        args.header_out, "w"
    ) as header_out:
-        print(f'#line 1 "{filename}"', file=source_out)
-        print(f'#include "{header_out.name}"', file=source_out)
+        print('#line 1 "{}"'.format(filename), file=source_out)
+        print('#include "{}"'.format(header_out.name), file=source_out)
        process_file(
            f, abs_path, source_out, header_out, include_paths, public_include_paths
        )
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class BenchmarkUtils:


 class ResultParser:
-    def __init__(self, field=r"(\w|[+-:.%])+", intrafield=r"(\s)+", separator="\t"):
+    def __init__(self, field="(\w|[+-:.%])+", intrafield="(\s)+", separator="\t"):
        self.field = re.compile(field)
        self.intra = re.compile(intrafield)
        self.sep = re.compile(separator)
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class ResultParser:


 def load_report_from_tsv(filename: str):
-    file = open(filename)
+    file = open(filename, "r")
    contents = file.readlines()
    file.close()
    parser = ResultParser()
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ EOF
            PLATFORM_LDFLAGS="$PLATFORM_LDFLAGS -lbenchmark"
        fi
    fi
-    if test $USE_FOLLY || test $USE_FOLLY_LITE; then
+    if test $USE_FOLLY; then
        # Test whether libfolly library is installed
        $CXX $PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS -x c++ - -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null  <<EOF
          #include <folly/synchronization/DistributedMutex.h>
@@ -751,11 +751,6 @@ if [ "$USE_FOLLY" ]; then
    FOLLY_PATH=`cd $FOLLY_DIR && $PYTHON build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-inst-dir folly`
  fi
 fi
-if [ "$USE_FOLLY_LITE" ]; then
-  if [ "$FOLLY_DIR" ]; then
-    BOOST_SOURCE_PATH=`cd $FOLLY_DIR && $PYTHON build/fbcode_builder/getdeps.py show-source-dir boost`
-  fi
-fi

 PLATFORM_CCFLAGS="$PLATFORM_CCFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS"
 PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS="$PLATFORM_CXXFLAGS $COMMON_FLAGS"
@@ -797,7 +792,6 @@ echo "PROFILING_FLAGS=$PROFILING_FLAGS" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "FIND=$FIND" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "WATCH=$WATCH" >> "$OUTPUT"
 echo "FOLLY_PATH=$FOLLY_PATH" >> "$OUTPUT"
-echo "BOOST_SOURCE_PATH=$BOOST_SOURCE_PATH" >> "$OUTPUT"

 # This will enable some related identifiers for the preprocessor
 if test -n "$JEMALLOC"; then
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
    - Prints those error messages to stdout
 """

+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

 import re
 import sys
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ class GTestErrorParser(ErrorParserBase):
            return None
        gtest_fail_match = self._GTEST_FAIL_PATTERN.match(line)
        if gtest_fail_match:
-            return "{} failed: {}".format(self._last_gtest_name, gtest_fail_match.group(1))
+            return "%s failed: %s" % (self._last_gtest_name, gtest_fail_match.group(1))
        return None


@@ -65,52 +66,52 @@ class CompilerErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
        # format (link error):
        #   '<filename>:<line #>: error: <error msg>'
        # The below regex catches both
-        super().__init__(r"\S+:\d+: error:")
+        super(CompilerErrorParser, self).__init__(r"\S+:\d+: error:")


 class ScanBuildErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(r"scan-build: \d+ bugs found.$")
+        super(ScanBuildErrorParser, self).__init__(r"scan-build: \d+ bugs found.$")


 class DbCrashErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(r"\*\*\*.*\^$|TEST FAILED.")
+        super(DbCrashErrorParser, self).__init__(r"\*\*\*.*\^$|TEST FAILED.")


 class WriteStressErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(
+        super(WriteStressErrorParser, self).__init__(
            r"ERROR: write_stress died with exitcode=\d+"
        )


 class AsanErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(r"==\d+==ERROR: AddressSanitizer:")
+        super(AsanErrorParser, self).__init__(r"==\d+==ERROR: AddressSanitizer:")


 class UbsanErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
        # format: '<filename>:<line #>:<column #>: runtime error: <error msg>'
-        super().__init__(r"\S+:\d+:\d+: runtime error:")
+        super(UbsanErrorParser, self).__init__(r"\S+:\d+:\d+: runtime error:")


 class ValgrindErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
        # just grab the summary, valgrind doesn't clearly distinguish errors
        # from other log messages.
-        super().__init__(r"==\d+== ERROR SUMMARY:")
+        super(ValgrindErrorParser, self).__init__(r"==\d+== ERROR SUMMARY:")


 class CompatErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(r"==== .*[Ee]rror.* ====$")
+        super(CompatErrorParser, self).__init__(r"==== .*[Ee]rror.* ====$")


 class TsanErrorParser(MatchErrorParser):
    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(r"WARNING: ThreadSanitizer:")
+        super(TsanErrorParser, self).__init__(r"WARNING: ThreadSanitizer:")


 _TEST_NAME_TO_PARSERS = {
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ CLANG_LIB="$CLANG_BASE/lib"
 CLANG_SRC="$CLANG_BASE/../../src"

 CLANG_ANALYZER="$CLANG_BIN/clang++"
-CLANG_SCAN_BUILD="$CLANG_BIN/scan-build
+CLANG_SCAN_BUILD="$CLANG_SRC/llvm/tools/clang/tools/scan-build/bin/scan-build"

 if [ -z "$USE_CLANG" ]; then
  # gcc
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ CLANG_LIB="$CLANG_BASE/lib"
 CLANG_SRC="$CLANG_BASE/../../src"

 CLANG_ANALYZER="$CLANG_BIN/clang++"
-CLANG_SCAN_BUILD="$CLANG_BIN/scan-build"
+CLANG_SCAN_BUILD="$CLANG_SRC/llvm/clang/tools/scan-build/bin/scan-build"

 if [ -z "$USE_CLANG" ]; then
  # gcc
@@ -133,25 +133,19 @@ Status Cache::CreateFromString(const ConfigOptions& config_options,
                               std::shared_ptr<Cache>* result) {
  Status status;
  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache;
-  if (StartsWith(value, "null")) {
-    cache = nullptr;
-  } else if (value.find("://") == std::string::npos) {
-    if (value.find('=') == std::string::npos) {
-      cache = NewLRUCache(ParseSizeT(value));
-    } else {
-      LRUCacheOptions cache_opts;
-      status = OptionTypeInfo::ParseStruct(config_options, "",
-                                           &lru_cache_options_type_info, "",
-                                           value, &cache_opts);
-      if (status.ok()) {
-        cache = NewLRUCache(cache_opts);
-      }
-    }
-    if (status.ok()) {
-      result->swap(cache);
-    }
+  if (value.find('=') == std::string::npos) {
+    cache = NewLRUCache(ParseSizeT(value));
  } else {
-    status = LoadSharedObject<Cache>(config_options, value, result);
+    LRUCacheOptions cache_opts;
+    status = OptionTypeInfo::ParseStruct(config_options, "",
+                                         &lru_cache_options_type_info, "",
+                                         value, &cache_opts);
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      cache = NewLRUCache(cache_opts);
+    }
+  }
+  if (status.ok()) {
+    result->swap(cache);
  }
  return status;
 }
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include "cache/lru_cache.h"
 #include "cache/typed_cache.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
-#include "table/block_based/block_cache.h"
 #include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
 #include "util/coding.h"
@@ -886,32 +885,6 @@ TEST_P(CacheTest, ApplyToAllEntriesDuringResize) {
  ASSERT_EQ(special_count, kSpecialCount);
 }

-TEST_P(CacheTest, ApplyToHandleTest) {
-  std::string callback_state;
-  const auto callback = [&](const Slice& key, Cache::ObjectPtr value,
-                            size_t charge,
-                            const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper) {
-    callback_state = std::to_string(DecodeKey(key)) + "," +
-                     std::to_string(DecodeValue(value)) + "," +
-                     std::to_string(charge);
-    assert(helper == &CacheTest::kHelper);
-  };
-
-  std::vector<std::string> inserted;
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    Insert(i, i * 2, i + 1);
-    inserted.push_back(std::to_string(i) + "," + std::to_string(i * 2) + "," +
-                       std::to_string(i + 1));
-  }
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
-    Cache::Handle* handle = cache_->Lookup(EncodeKey(i));
-    cache_->ApplyToHandle(cache_.get(), handle, callback);
-    EXPECT_EQ(inserted[i], callback_state);
-    cache_->Release(handle);
-  }
-}
-
 TEST_P(CacheTest, DefaultShardBits) {
  // Prevent excessive allocation (to save time & space)
  estimated_value_size_ = 100000;
@@ -1044,63 +1017,6 @@ INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, CacheTest,
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, LRUCacheTest,
                        testing::Values(secondary_cache_test_util::kLRU));

-TEST(MiscBlockCacheTest, UncacheAggressivenessAdvisor) {
-  // Aggressiveness to a sequence of Report() calls (as string of 0s and 1s)
-  // exactly until the first ShouldContinue() == false.
-  const std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, Slice>> expectedTraces{
-      // Aggressiveness 1 aborts on first unsuccessful erasure.
-      {1, "0"},
-      {1, "11111111111111111111110"},
-      // For sufficient evidence, aggressiveness 2 requires a minimum of two
-      // unsuccessful erasures.
-      {2, "00"},
-      {2, "0110"},
-      {2, "1100"},
-      {2, "011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111100"},
-      {2, "0111111111111111111111111111111111110"},
-      // For sufficient evidence, aggressiveness 3 and higher require a minimum
-      // of three unsuccessful erasures.
-      {3, "000"},
-      {3, "01010"},
-      {3, "111000"},
-      {3, "00111111111111111111111111111111111100"},
-      {3, "00111111111111111111110"},
-
-      {4, "000"},
-      {4, "01010"},
-      {4, "111000"},
-      {4, "001111111111111111111100"},
-      {4, "0011111111111110"},
-
-      {6, "000"},
-      {6, "01010"},
-      {6, "111000"},
-      {6, "00111111111111100"},
-      {6, "0011111110"},
-
-      // 69 -> 50% threshold, now up to minimum of 4
-      {69, "0000"},
-      {69, "010000"},
-      {69, "01010000"},
-      {69, "101010100010101000"},
-
-      // 230 -> 10% threshold, appropriately higher minimum
-      {230, "000000000000"},
-      {230, "0000000000010000000000"},
-      {230, "00000000000100000000010000000000"}};
-  for (const auto& [aggressiveness, t] : expectedTraces) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("aggressiveness=" + std::to_string(aggressiveness) + " with " +
-                 t.ToString());
-    UncacheAggressivenessAdvisor uaa(aggressiveness);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < t.size(); ++i) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("i=" + std::to_string(i));
-      ASSERT_TRUE(uaa.ShouldContinue());
-      uaa.Report(t[i] & 1);
-    }
-    ASSERT_FALSE(uaa.ShouldContinue());
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -1444,22 +1444,6 @@ const Cache::CacheItemHelper* BaseHyperClockCache<Table>::GetCacheItemHelper(
  return h->helper;
 }

-template <class Table>
-void BaseHyperClockCache<Table>::ApplyToHandle(
-    Cache* cache, Handle* handle,
-    const std::function<void(const Slice& key, Cache::ObjectPtr value,
-                             size_t charge, const CacheItemHelper* helper)>&
-        callback) {
-  BaseHyperClockCache<Table>* cache_ptr =
-      static_cast<BaseHyperClockCache<Table>*>(cache);
-  auto h = static_cast<const typename Table::HandleImpl*>(handle);
-  UniqueId64x2 unhashed;
-  auto hash_seed = cache_ptr->GetShard(h->GetHash()).GetTable().GetHashSeed();
-  callback(
-      ClockCacheShard<Table>::ReverseHash(h->hashed_key, &unhashed, hash_seed),
-      h->value, h->GetTotalCharge(), h->helper);
-}
-
 namespace {

 // For each cache shard, estimate what the table load factor would be if
@@ -1128,12 +1128,6 @@ class BaseHyperClockCache : public ShardedCache<ClockCacheShard<Table>> {

  const CacheItemHelper* GetCacheItemHelper(Handle* handle) const override;

-  void ApplyToHandle(
-      Cache* cache, Handle* handle,
-      const std::function<void(const Slice& key, Cache::ObjectPtr obj,
-                               size_t charge, const CacheItemHelper* helper)>&
-          callback) override;
-
  void ReportProblems(
      const std::shared_ptr<Logger>& /*info_log*/) const override;
 };
@@ -79,11 +79,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> CompressedSecondaryCache::Lookup(
    data_ptr = GetVarint32Ptr(data_ptr, data_ptr + 1,
                              static_cast<uint32_t*>(&source_32));
    source = static_cast<CacheTier>(source_32);
-    uint64_t data_size = 0;
-    data_ptr = GetVarint64Ptr(data_ptr, ptr->get() + handle_value_charge,
-                              static_cast<uint64_t*>(&data_size));
-    assert(handle_value_charge > data_size);
-    handle_value_charge = data_size;
+    handle_value_charge -= (data_ptr - ptr->get());
  }
  MemoryAllocator* allocator = cache_options_.memory_allocator.get();

@@ -173,15 +169,13 @@ Status CompressedSecondaryCache::InsertInternal(
  }

  auto internal_helper = GetHelper(cache_options_.enable_custom_split_merge);
-  char header[20];
+  char header[10];
  char* payload = header;
  payload = EncodeVarint32(payload, static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
  payload = EncodeVarint32(payload, static_cast<uint32_t>(source));
-  size_t data_size = (*helper->size_cb)(value);
-  char* data_size_ptr = payload;
-  payload = EncodeVarint64(payload, data_size);

  size_t header_size = payload - header;
+  size_t data_size = (*helper->size_cb)(value);
  size_t total_size = data_size + header_size;
  CacheAllocationPtr ptr =
      AllocateBlock(total_size, cache_options_.memory_allocator.get());
@@ -216,8 +210,6 @@ Status CompressedSecondaryCache::InsertInternal(

    val = Slice(compressed_val);
    data_size = compressed_val.size();
-    payload = EncodeVarint64(data_size_ptr, data_size);
-    header_size = payload - header;
    total_size = header_size + data_size;
    PERF_COUNTER_ADD(compressed_sec_cache_compressed_bytes, data_size);

@@ -230,21 +222,14 @@ Status CompressedSecondaryCache::InsertInternal(

  PERF_COUNTER_ADD(compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 1);
  if (cache_options_.enable_custom_split_merge) {
-    size_t split_charge{0};
-    CacheValueChunk* value_chunks_head = SplitValueIntoChunks(
-        val, cache_options_.compression_type, split_charge);
-    return cache_->Insert(key, value_chunks_head, internal_helper,
-                          split_charge);
+    size_t charge{0};
+    CacheValueChunk* value_chunks_head =
+        SplitValueIntoChunks(val, cache_options_.compression_type, charge);
+    return cache_->Insert(key, value_chunks_head, internal_helper, charge);
  } else {
-#ifdef ROCKSDB_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
-    size_t charge = malloc_usable_size(ptr.get());
-#else
-    size_t charge = total_size;
-#endif
    std::memcpy(ptr.get(), header, header_size);
    CacheAllocationPtr* buf = new CacheAllocationPtr(std::move(ptr));
-    charge += sizeof(CacheAllocationPtr);
-    return cache_->Insert(key, buf, internal_helper, charge);
+    return cache_->Insert(key, buf, internal_helper, total_size);
  }
 }

@@ -413,21 +398,6 @@ const Cache::CacheItemHelper* CompressedSecondaryCache::GetHelper(
  }
 }

-size_t CompressedSecondaryCache::TEST_GetCharge(const Slice& key) {
-  Cache::Handle* lru_handle = cache_->Lookup(key);
-  if (lru_handle == nullptr) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  size_t charge = cache_->GetCharge(lru_handle);
-  if (cache_->Value(lru_handle) != nullptr &&
-      !cache_options_.enable_custom_split_merge) {
-    charge -= 10;
-  }
-  cache_->Release(lru_handle, /*erase_if_last_ref=*/false);
-  return charge;
-}
-
 std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache>
 CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::MakeSharedSecondaryCache() const {
  return std::make_shared<CompressedSecondaryCache>(*this);
@@ -139,8 +139,6 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCache : public SecondaryCache {
                        const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
                        CompressionType type, CacheTier source);

-  size_t TEST_GetCharge(const Slice& key);
-
  // TODO: clean up to use cleaner interfaces in typed_cache.h
  const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper(bool enable_custom_split_merge) const;
  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase : public testing::Test,
 protected:
  void BasicTestHelper(std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> sec_cache,
                       bool sec_cache_is_compressed) {
-    CompressedSecondaryCache* comp_sec_cache =
-        static_cast<CompressedSecondaryCache*>(sec_cache.get());
    get_perf_context()->Reset();
    bool kept_in_sec_cache{true};
    // Lookup an non-existent key.
@@ -68,8 +66,6 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase : public testing::Test,
    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper(), false));
    ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 1);

-    ASSERT_GT(comp_sec_cache->TEST_GetCharge(key1), 1000);
-
    std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1_2 =
        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
                          /*stats=*/nullptr, kept_in_sec_cache);
@@ -677,17 +677,6 @@ const Cache::CacheItemHelper* LRUCache::GetCacheItemHelper(
  return h->helper;
 }

-void LRUCache::ApplyToHandle(
-    Cache* cache, Handle* handle,
-    const std::function<void(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr value, size_t charge,
-                             const CacheItemHelper* helper)>& callback) {
-  auto cache_ptr = static_cast<LRUCache*>(cache);
-  auto h = static_cast<const LRUHandle*>(handle);
-  callback(h->key(), h->value,
-           h->GetCharge(cache_ptr->GetShard(0).metadata_charge_policy_),
-           h->helper);
-}
-
 size_t LRUCache::TEST_GetLRUSize() {
  return SumOverShards([](LRUCacheShard& cs) { return cs.TEST_GetLRUSize(); });
 }
@@ -452,12 +452,6 @@ class LRUCache
  size_t GetCharge(Handle* handle) const override;
  const CacheItemHelper* GetCacheItemHelper(Handle* handle) const override;

-  void ApplyToHandle(
-      Cache* cache, Handle* handle,
-      const std::function<void(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj, size_t charge,
-                               const CacheItemHelper* helper)>& callback)
-      override;
-
  // Retrieves number of elements in LRU, for unit test purpose only.
  size_t TEST_GetLRUSize();
  // Retrieves high pri pool ratio.
@@ -134,14 +134,12 @@ bool CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::EvictionHandler(const Slice& key,
    auto obj = target_->Value(handle);
    // Ignore dummy entry
    if (obj != kDummyObj) {
-      bool force = false;
+      bool hit = false;
      if (adm_policy_ == TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowCacheHits) {
-        force = was_hit;
-      } else if (adm_policy_ == TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowAll) {
-        force = true;
+        hit = was_hit;
      }
      // Spill into secondary cache.
-      secondary_cache_->Insert(key, obj, helper, force).PermitUncheckedError();
+      secondary_cache_->Insert(key, obj, helper, hit).PermitUncheckedError();
    }
  }
  // Never takes ownership of obj
@@ -271,8 +269,7 @@ Status CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::Insert(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr value,
  // Warm up the secondary cache with the compressed block. The secondary
  // cache may choose to ignore it based on the admission policy.
  if (value != nullptr && !compressed_value.empty() &&
-      adm_policy_ == TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyThreeQueue &&
-      helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible()) {
+      adm_policy_ == TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyThreeQueue) {
    Status status = secondary_cache_->InsertSaved(key, compressed_value, type);
    assert(status.ok() || status.IsNotSupported());
  }
@@ -664,7 +661,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewTieredCache(const TieredCacheOptions& _opts) {
        break;
      case TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyPlaceholder:
      case TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowCacheHits:
-      case TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowAll:
        if (opts.nvm_sec_cache) {
          valid_adm_policy = false;
        }
@@ -253,7 +253,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));

  // Disable paranoid_file_checks so that flush will not read back the newly
@@ -365,7 +364,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, BasicMultiGetTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));

  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
@@ -508,7 +506,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, WaitAllTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));

  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
@@ -609,7 +606,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, ReadyBeforeWaitAllTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();

@@ -721,7 +717,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, IterateTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));

  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
@@ -765,54 +760,6 @@ TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, IterateTest) {
  Destroy(options);
 }

-TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, VolatileTierTest) {
-  if (!LZ4_Supported()) {
-    ROCKSDB_GTEST_SKIP("This test requires LZ4 support.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-  // We want a block cache of size 5KB, and a compressed secondary cache of
-  // size 5KB. However, we specify a block cache size of 256KB here in order
-  // to take into account the cache reservation in the block cache on
-  // behalf of the compressed cache. The unit of cache reservation is 256KB.
-  // The effective block cache capacity will be calculated as 256 + 5 = 261KB,
-  // and 256KB will be reserved for the compressed cache, leaving 5KB for
-  // the primary block cache. We only have to worry about this here because
-  // the cache size is so small.
-  table_options.block_cache = NewCache(256 * 1024, 5 * 1024, 256 * 1024);
-  table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
-  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
-  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-
-  // Disable paranoid_file_checks so that flush will not read back the newly
-  // written file
-  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
-  options.lowest_used_cache_tier = CacheTier::kVolatileTier;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  Random rnd(301);
-  const int N = 256;
-  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
-    std::string p_v;
-    test::CompressibleString(&rnd, 0.5, 1007, &p_v);
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), p_v));
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // Since lowest_used_cache_tier is the volatile tier, nothing should be
-  // inserted in the secondary cache.
-  std::string v = Get(Key(0));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1007, v.size());
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_insert_saved(), 0u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_misses(), 0u);
-
-  Destroy(options);
-}
-
 class DBTieredAdmPolicyTest
    : public DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest,
      public testing::WithParamInterface<TieredAdmissionPolicy> {};
@@ -837,7 +784,6 @@ TEST_P(DBTieredAdmPolicyTest, CompressedOnlyTest) {
  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));

  size_t comp_cache_usage = compressed_secondary_cache()->TEST_GetUsage();
@@ -870,176 +816,11 @@ TEST_P(DBTieredAdmPolicyTest, CompressedOnlyTest) {
  Destroy(options);
 }

-TEST_P(DBTieredAdmPolicyTest, CompressedCacheAdmission) {
-  if (!LZ4_Supported()) {
-    ROCKSDB_GTEST_SKIP("This test requires LZ4 support.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-  // We want a block cache of size 5KB, and a compressed secondary cache of
-  // size 5KB. However, we specify a block cache size of 256KB here in order
-  // to take into account the cache reservation in the block cache on
-  // behalf of the compressed cache. The unit of cache reservation is 256KB.
-  // The effective block cache capacity will be calculated as 256 + 5 = 261KB,
-  // and 256KB will be reserved for the compressed cache, leaving 10KB for
-  // the primary block cache. We only have to worry about this here because
-  // the cache size is so small.
-  table_options.block_cache = NewCache(256 * 1024, 5 * 1024, 0, GetParam());
-  table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
-  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
-  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-
-  size_t comp_cache_usage = compressed_secondary_cache()->TEST_GetUsage();
-  // Disable paranoid_file_checks so that flush will not read back the newly
-  // written file
-  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  Random rnd(301);
-  const int N = 256;
-  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
-    std::string p_v;
-    test::CompressibleString(&rnd, 0.5, 1007, &p_v);
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), p_v));
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // The second Get (for 5) will evict the data block loaded by the first
-  // Get, which will be admitted into the compressed secondary cache only
-  // for the kAdmPolicyAllowAll policy
-  std::string v = Get(Key(0));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1007, v.size());
-
-  v = Get(Key(5));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1007, v.size());
-
-  if (GetParam() == TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowAll) {
-    ASSERT_GT(compressed_secondary_cache()->TEST_GetUsage(),
-              comp_cache_usage + 128);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_LT(compressed_secondary_cache()->TEST_GetUsage(),
-              comp_cache_usage + 128);
-  }
-
-  Destroy(options);
-}
-
-TEST_F(DBTieredSecondaryCacheTest, FSBufferTest) {
-  class WrapFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
-   public:
-    explicit WrapFS(const std::shared_ptr<FileSystem>& _target)
-        : FileSystemWrapper(_target) {}
-    ~WrapFS() override {}
-    const char* Name() const override { return "WrapFS"; }
-
-    IOStatus NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& fname,
-                                 const FileOptions& opts,
-                                 std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile>* result,
-                                 IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-      class WrappedRandomAccessFile : public FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper {
-       public:
-        explicit WrappedRandomAccessFile(
-            std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile>& file)
-            : FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper(std::move(file)) {}
-
-        IOStatus MultiRead(FSReadRequest* reqs, size_t num_reqs,
-                           const IOOptions& options,
-                           IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-          for (size_t i = 0; i < num_reqs; ++i) {
-            FSReadRequest& req = reqs[i];
-            FSAllocationPtr buffer(new char[req.len], [](void* ptr) {
-              delete[] static_cast<char*>(ptr);
-            });
-            req.fs_scratch = std::move(buffer);
-            req.status = Read(req.offset, req.len, options, &req.result,
-                              static_cast<char*>(req.fs_scratch.get()), dbg);
-          }
-          return IOStatus::OK();
-        }
-      };
-
-      std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> file;
-      IOStatus s = target()->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, opts, &file, dbg);
-      EXPECT_OK(s);
-      result->reset(new WrappedRandomAccessFile(file));
-
-      return s;
-    }
-
-    void SupportedOps(int64_t& supported_ops) override {
-      supported_ops = 1 << FSSupportedOps::kAsyncIO;
-      supported_ops |= 1 << FSSupportedOps::kFSBuffer;
-    }
-  };
-
-  if (!LZ4_Supported()) {
-    ROCKSDB_GTEST_SKIP("This test requires LZ4 support.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<WrapFS> wrap_fs =
-      std::make_shared<WrapFS>(env_->GetFileSystem());
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> wrap_env(new CompositeEnvWrapper(env_, wrap_fs));
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-  table_options.block_cache = NewCache(250 * 1024, 20 * 1024, 256 * 1024,
-                                       TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAuto,
-                                       /*ready_before_wait=*/true);
-  table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
-  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
-  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compression = kLZ4Compression;
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
-  options.env = wrap_env.get();
-
-  options.paranoid_file_checks = false;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  Random rnd(301);
-  const int N = 256;
-  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
-    std::string p_v;
-    test::CompressibleString(&rnd, 0.5, 1007, &p_v);
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), p_v));
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  std::vector<std::string> keys;
-  std::vector<std::string> values;
-
-  keys.push_back(Key(0));
-  keys.push_back(Key(4));
-  keys.push_back(Key(8));
-  values = MultiGet(keys, /*snapshot=*/nullptr, /*async=*/true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), keys.size());
-  for (const auto& value : values) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(1007, value.size());
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_insert_saved(), 3u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_misses(), 3u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_hits(), 0u);
-
-  std::string v = Get(Key(12));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1007, v.size());
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_insert_saved(), 4u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(nvm_sec_cache()->num_misses(), 4u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(options.statistics->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS), 4u);
-
-  Close();
-  Destroy(options);
-}
-
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
    DBTieredAdmPolicyTest, DBTieredAdmPolicyTest,
    ::testing::Values(TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAuto,
                      TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyPlaceholder,
-                      TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowCacheHits,
-                      TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowAll));
+                      TieredAdmissionPolicy::kAdmPolicyAllowCacheHits));

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

+from __future__ import print_function

 import optparse
 import re
@@ -108,11 +109,11 @@ def report_coverage():

    # Check if we need to display coverage info for interested files.
    if len(interested_files):
-        per_file_coverage = {
-            fname: per_file_coverage[fname]
+        per_file_coverage = dict(
+            (fname, per_file_coverage[fname])
            for fname in interested_files
            if fname in per_file_coverage
-        }
+        )
        # If we only interested in several files, it makes no sense to report
        # the total_coverage
        total_coverage = None
@@ -45,23 +45,20 @@ void ArenaWrappedDBIter::Init(
    const SequenceNumber& sequence, uint64_t max_sequential_skip_in_iteration,
    uint64_t version_number, ReadCallback* read_callback,
    ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* cfh, bool expose_blob_index, bool allow_refresh) {
+  auto mem = arena_.AllocateAligned(sizeof(DBIter));
+  db_iter_ = new (mem) DBIter(
+      env, read_options, ioptions, mutable_cf_options, ioptions.user_comparator,
+      /* iter */ nullptr, version, sequence, true,
+      max_sequential_skip_in_iteration, read_callback, cfh, expose_blob_index);
+  sv_number_ = version_number;
  read_options_ = read_options;
+  allow_refresh_ = allow_refresh;
+  memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = nullptr;
+
  if (!CheckFSFeatureSupport(env->GetFileSystem().get(),
                             FSSupportedOps::kAsyncIO)) {
    read_options_.async_io = false;
  }
-  read_options_.total_order_seek |= ioptions.prefix_seek_opt_in_only;
-
-  auto mem = arena_.AllocateAligned(sizeof(DBIter));
-  db_iter_ = new (mem) DBIter(env, read_options_, ioptions, mutable_cf_options,
-                              ioptions.user_comparator,
-                              /* iter */ nullptr, version, sequence, true,
-                              max_sequential_skip_in_iteration, read_callback,
-                              cfh, expose_blob_index);
-
-  sv_number_ = version_number;
-  allow_refresh_ = allow_refresh;
-  memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = nullptr;
 }

 Status ArenaWrappedDBIter::Refresh() { return Refresh(nullptr); }
@@ -141,10 +138,10 @@ Status ArenaWrappedDBIter::Refresh(const Snapshot* snapshot) {
            reinit_internal_iter();
            break;
          } else {
-            *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ =
-                std::make_unique<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>(
-                    std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(t),
-                    &cfd->internal_comparator(), nullptr, nullptr);
+            delete *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_;
+            *memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = new TruncatedRangeDelIterator(
+                std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>(t),
+                &cfd->internal_comparator(), nullptr, nullptr);
          }
        }
        db_impl->ReturnAndCleanupSuperVersion(cfd, sv);
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ class ArenaWrappedDBIter : public Iterator {
    db_iter_->SetIter(iter);
  }

-  void SetMemtableRangetombstoneIter(
-      std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* iter) {
+  void SetMemtableRangetombstoneIter(TruncatedRangeDelIterator** iter) {
    memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = iter;
  }

@@ -83,8 +82,6 @@ class ArenaWrappedDBIter : public Iterator {
  Status Refresh() override;
  Status Refresh(const Snapshot*) override;

-  bool PrepareValue() override { return db_iter_->PrepareValue(); }
-
  void Init(Env* env, const ReadOptions& read_options,
            const ImmutableOptions& ioptions,
            const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options, const Version* version,
@@ -113,8 +110,7 @@ class ArenaWrappedDBIter : public Iterator {
  bool allow_refresh_ = true;
  // If this is nullptr, it means the mutable memtable does not contain range
  // tombstone when added under this DBIter.
-  std::unique_ptr<TruncatedRangeDelIterator>* memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ =
-      nullptr;
+  TruncatedRangeDelIterator** memtable_range_tombstone_iter_ = nullptr;
 };

 // Generate the arena wrapped iterator class.
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#include "db/attribute_group_iterator_impl.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-const AttributeGroups kNoAttributeGroups;
-const IteratorAttributeGroups kNoIteratorAttributeGroups;
-
-void AttributeGroupIteratorImpl::AddToAttributeGroups(
-    const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items) {
-  for (const auto& item : items) {
-    attribute_groups_.emplace_back(item.cfh, &item.iterator->columns());
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "db/multi_cf_iterator_impl.h"
-#include "rocksdb/attribute_groups.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-class AttributeGroupIteratorImpl : public AttributeGroupIterator {
- public:
-  AttributeGroupIteratorImpl(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, const Comparator* comparator,
-      std::vector<std::pair<ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::unique_ptr<Iterator>>>&&
-          cfh_iter_pairs)
-      : impl_(read_options, comparator, std::move(cfh_iter_pairs),
-              ResetFunc(this), PopulateFunc(this)) {}
-  ~AttributeGroupIteratorImpl() override {}
-
-  // No copy allowed
-  AttributeGroupIteratorImpl(const AttributeGroupIteratorImpl&) = delete;
-  AttributeGroupIteratorImpl& operator=(const AttributeGroupIteratorImpl&) =
-      delete;
-
-  bool Valid() const override { return impl_.Valid(); }
-  void SeekToFirst() override { impl_.SeekToFirst(); }
-  void SeekToLast() override { impl_.SeekToLast(); }
-  void Seek(const Slice& target) override { impl_.Seek(target); }
-  void SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) override { impl_.SeekForPrev(target); }
-  void Next() override { impl_.Next(); }
-  void Prev() override { impl_.Prev(); }
-  Slice key() const override { return impl_.key(); }
-  Status status() const override { return impl_.status(); }
-
-  const IteratorAttributeGroups& attribute_groups() const override {
-    assert(Valid());
-    return attribute_groups_;
-  }
-
-  void Reset() { attribute_groups_.clear(); }
-
-  bool PrepareValue() override { return impl_.PrepareValue(); }
-
- private:
-  class ResetFunc {
-   public:
-    explicit ResetFunc(AttributeGroupIteratorImpl* iter) : iter_(iter) {}
-
-    void operator()() const {
-      assert(iter_);
-      iter_->Reset();
-    }
-
-   private:
-    AttributeGroupIteratorImpl* iter_;
-  };
-
-  class PopulateFunc {
-   public:
-    explicit PopulateFunc(AttributeGroupIteratorImpl* iter) : iter_(iter) {}
-
-    void operator()(const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items) const {
-      assert(iter_);
-      iter_->AddToAttributeGroups(items);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    AttributeGroupIteratorImpl* iter_;
-  };
-
-  MultiCfIteratorImpl<ResetFunc, PopulateFunc> impl_;
-  IteratorAttributeGroups attribute_groups_;
-  void AddToAttributeGroups(const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items);
-};
-
-class EmptyAttributeGroupIterator : public AttributeGroupIterator {
- public:
-  explicit EmptyAttributeGroupIterator(const Status& s) : status_(s) {}
-  bool Valid() const override { return false; }
-  void Seek(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
-  void SeekForPrev(const Slice& /*target*/) override {}
-  void SeekToFirst() override {}
-  void SeekToLast() override {}
-  void Next() override { assert(false); }
-  void Prev() override { assert(false); }
-  Slice key() const override {
-    assert(false);
-    return Slice();
-  }
-  Status status() const override { return status_; }
-
-  const IteratorAttributeGroups& attribute_groups() const override {
-    return kNoIteratorAttributeGroups;
-  }
-
- private:
-  Status status_;
-};
-
-inline std::unique_ptr<AttributeGroupIterator> NewAttributeGroupErrorIterator(
-    const Status& status) {
-  return std::make_unique<EmptyAttributeGroupIterator>(status);
-}
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ Status BlobFileCache::GetBlobFileReader(
  assert(blob_file_reader);
  assert(blob_file_reader->IsEmpty());

-  // NOTE: sharing same Cache with table_cache
  const Slice key = GetSliceForKey(&blob_file_number);

  assert(cache_);
@@ -99,13 +98,4 @@ Status BlobFileCache::GetBlobFileReader(
  return Status::OK();
 }

-void BlobFileCache::Evict(uint64_t blob_file_number) {
-  // NOTE: sharing same Cache with table_cache
-  const Slice key = GetSliceForKey(&blob_file_number);
-
-  assert(cache_);
-
-  cache_.get()->Erase(key);
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -36,15 +36,6 @@ class BlobFileCache {
                           uint64_t blob_file_number,
                           CacheHandleGuard<BlobFileReader>* blob_file_reader);

-  // Called when a blob file is obsolete to ensure it is removed from the cache
-  // to avoid effectively leaking the open file and assicated memory
-  void Evict(uint64_t blob_file_number);
-
-  // Used to identify cache entries for blob files (not normally useful)
-  static const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper() {
-    return CacheInterface::GetBasicHelper();
-  }
-
 private:
  using CacheInterface =
      BasicTypedCacheInterface<BlobFileReader, CacheEntryRole::kMisc>;
@@ -20,24 +20,23 @@

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {

-BlobSource::BlobSource(const ImmutableOptions& immutable_options,
-                       const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+BlobSource::BlobSource(const ImmutableOptions* immutable_options,
                       const std::string& db_id,
                       const std::string& db_session_id,
                       BlobFileCache* blob_file_cache)
    : db_id_(db_id),
      db_session_id_(db_session_id),
-      statistics_(immutable_options.statistics.get()),
+      statistics_(immutable_options->statistics.get()),
      blob_file_cache_(blob_file_cache),
-      blob_cache_(immutable_options.blob_cache),
-      lowest_used_cache_tier_(immutable_options.lowest_used_cache_tier) {
+      blob_cache_(immutable_options->blob_cache),
+      lowest_used_cache_tier_(immutable_options->lowest_used_cache_tier) {
  auto bbto =
-      mutable_cf_options.table_factory->GetOptions<BlockBasedTableOptions>();
+      immutable_options->table_factory->GetOptions<BlockBasedTableOptions>();
  if (bbto &&
      bbto->cache_usage_options.options_overrides.at(CacheEntryRole::kBlobCache)
              .charged == CacheEntryRoleOptions::Decision::kEnabled) {
    blob_cache_ = SharedCacheInterface{std::make_shared<ChargedCache>(
-        immutable_options.blob_cache, bbto->block_cache)};
+        immutable_options->blob_cache, bbto->block_cache)};
  }
 }

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {

 struct ImmutableOptions;
-struct MutableCFOptions;
 class Status;
 class FilePrefetchBuffer;
 class Slice;
@@ -32,10 +31,7 @@ class Slice;
 // storage with minimal cost.
 class BlobSource {
 public:
-  // NOTE: db_id, db_session_id, and blob_file_cache are saved by reference or
-  // pointer.
-  BlobSource(const ImmutableOptions& immutable_options,
-             const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+  BlobSource(const ImmutableOptions* immutable_options,
             const std::string& db_id, const std::string& db_session_id,
             BlobFileCache* blob_file_cache);

@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, GetBlobsFromCache) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr uint32_t column_family_id = 1;
  constexpr bool has_ttl = false;
@@ -194,8 +193,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, GetBlobsFromCache) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          column_family_id, blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ReadOptions read_options;
  read_options.verify_checksums = true;
@@ -465,7 +464,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, GetCompressedBlobs) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr uint32_t column_family_id = 1;
  constexpr bool has_ttl = false;
@@ -500,8 +498,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, GetCompressedBlobs) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          column_family_id, nullptr /*HistogramImpl*/, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ReadOptions read_options;
  read_options.verify_checksums = true;
@@ -591,7 +589,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, MultiGetBlobsFromMultiFiles) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr uint32_t column_family_id = 1;
  constexpr bool has_ttl = false;
@@ -647,8 +644,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, MultiGetBlobsFromMultiFiles) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          column_family_id, blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ReadOptions read_options;
  read_options.verify_checksums = true;
@@ -785,7 +782,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, MultiGetBlobsFromCache) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr uint32_t column_family_id = 1;
  constexpr bool has_ttl = false;
@@ -831,8 +827,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceTest, MultiGetBlobsFromCache) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          column_family_id, blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ReadOptions read_options;
  read_options.verify_checksums = true;
@@ -1109,7 +1105,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSecondaryCacheTest, GetBlobsFromSecondaryCache) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr uint32_t column_family_id = 1;
  constexpr bool has_ttl = false;
@@ -1142,8 +1137,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSecondaryCacheTest, GetBlobsFromSecondaryCache) {
      backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options, column_family_id,
      blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/));

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  CacheHandleGuard<BlobFileReader> file_reader;
  ReadOptions read_options;
@@ -1410,7 +1405,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceCacheReservationTest, SimpleCacheReservation) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);

  constexpr ExpirationRange expiration_range;

@@ -1432,8 +1426,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceCacheReservationTest, SimpleCacheReservation) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          kColumnFamilyId, blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ConcurrentCacheReservationManager* cache_res_mgr =
      static_cast<ChargedCache*>(blob_source.GetBlobCache())
@@ -1525,8 +1519,6 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceCacheReservationTest, IncreaseCacheReservation) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options_);

  ImmutableOptions immutable_options(options_);
-  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options(options_);
-
  constexpr size_t blob_size = 24 << 10;  // 24KB
  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumBlobs; ++i) {
    blob_file_size_ -= blobs_[i].size();  // old blob size
@@ -1554,8 +1546,8 @@ TEST_F(BlobSourceCacheReservationTest, IncreaseCacheReservation) {
          backing_cache.get(), &immutable_options, &file_options,
          kColumnFamilyId, blob_file_read_hist, nullptr /*IOTracer*/);

-  BlobSource blob_source(immutable_options, mutable_cf_options, db_id_,
-                         db_session_id_, blob_file_cache.get());
+  BlobSource blob_source(&immutable_options, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                         blob_file_cache.get());

  ConcurrentCacheReservationManager* cache_res_mgr =
      static_cast<ChargedCache*>(blob_source.GetBlobCache())
@@ -374,115 +374,6 @@ TEST_F(DBBlobBasicTest, IterateBlobsFromCachePinning) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(DBBlobBasicTest, IterateBlobsAllowUnpreparedValue) {
-  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
-  options.enable_blob_files = true;
-
-  Reopen(options);
-
-  constexpr size_t num_blobs = 5;
-  std::vector<std::string> keys;
-  std::vector<std::string> blobs;
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_blobs; ++i) {
-    keys.emplace_back("key" + std::to_string(i));
-    blobs.emplace_back("blob" + std::to_string(i));
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(keys[i], blobs[i]));
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ReadOptions read_options;
-  read_options.allow_unprepared_value = true;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(db_->NewIterator(read_options));
-
-  {
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[i]);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->value().empty());
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[i]);
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->value(), blobs[i]);
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ++i;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(i, num_blobs);
-  }
-
-  {
-    size_t i = 0;
-
-    for (iter->SeekToLast(); iter->Valid(); iter->Prev()) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->value().empty());
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->value(), blobs[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ++i;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(i, num_blobs);
-  }
-
-  {
-    size_t i = 1;
-
-    for (iter->Seek(keys[i]); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[i]);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->value().empty());
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[i]);
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->value(), blobs[i]);
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ++i;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(i, num_blobs);
-  }
-
-  {
-    size_t i = 1;
-
-    for (iter->SeekForPrev(keys[num_blobs - 1 - i]); iter->Valid();
-         iter->Prev()) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->value().empty());
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->PrepareValue());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), keys[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_EQ(iter->value(), blobs[num_blobs - 1 - i]);
-      ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-      ++i;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(i, num_blobs);
-  }
-}
-
 TEST_F(DBBlobBasicTest, MultiGetBlobs) {
  constexpr size_t min_blob_size = 6;

@@ -1660,57 +1551,6 @@ TEST_P(DBBlobBasicIOErrorMultiGetTest, MultipleBlobFiles) {
  ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[1].IsIOError());
 }

-TEST_F(DBBlobBasicTest, MultiGetFindTable_IOError) {
-  // Repro test for a specific bug where `MultiGet()` would fail to open a table
-  // in `FindTable()` and then proceed to return raw blob handles for the other
-  // keys.
-  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();
-  options.enable_blob_files = true;
-  options.min_blob_size = 0;
-
-  Reopen(options);
-
-  // Force no table cache so every read will preload the SST file.
-  dbfull()->TEST_table_cache()->SetCapacity(0);
-
-  constexpr size_t num_keys = 2;
-
-  constexpr char key1[] = "key1";
-  constexpr char value1[] = "blob1";
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(key1, value1));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  constexpr char key2[] = "key2";
-  constexpr char value2[] = "blob2";
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(key2, value2));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  std::atomic<int> num_files_opened = 0;
-  // This test would be more realistic if we injected an `IOError` from the
-  // `FileSystem`
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "TableCache::MultiGet:FindTable", [&](void* status) {
-        num_files_opened++;
-        if (num_files_opened == 2) {
-          Status* s = static_cast<Status*>(status);
-          *s = Status::IOError();
-        }
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  std::array<Slice, num_keys> keys{{key1, key2}};
-  std::array<PinnableSlice, num_keys> values;
-  std::array<Status, num_keys> statuses;
-  db_->MultiGet(ReadOptions(), db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), num_keys,
-                keys.data(), values.data(), statuses.data());
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[0].IsIOError());
-  ASSERT_OK(statuses[1]);
-  ASSERT_EQ(value2, values[1]);
-}
-
 namespace {

 class ReadBlobCompactionFilter : public CompactionFilter {
@@ -1764,46 +1604,6 @@ TEST_P(DBBlobBasicIOErrorTest, CompactionFilterReadBlob_IOError) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_P(DBBlobBasicIOErrorTest, IterateBlobsAllowUnpreparedValue_IOError) {
-  Options options;
-  options.env = fault_injection_env_.get();
-  options.enable_blob_files = true;
-
-  Reopen(options);
-
-  constexpr char key[] = "key";
-  constexpr char blob_value[] = "blob_value";
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(key, blob_value));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(sync_point_, [this](void* /* arg */) {
-    fault_injection_env_->SetFilesystemActive(false,
-                                              Status::IOError(sync_point_));
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  ReadOptions read_options;
-  read_options.allow_unprepared_value = true;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(db_->NewIterator(read_options));
-  iter->SeekToFirst();
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-  ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), key);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->value().empty());
-  ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->PrepareValue());
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->status().IsIOError());
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-}
-
 TEST_F(DBBlobBasicTest, WarmCacheWithBlobsDuringFlush) {
  Options options = GetDefaultOptions();

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ TableBuilder* NewTableBuilder(const TableBuilderOptions& tboptions,
  assert((tboptions.column_family_id ==
          TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::Context::kUnknownColumnFamily) ==
         tboptions.column_family_name.empty());
-  return tboptions.moptions.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(tboptions, file);
+  return tboptions.ioptions.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(tboptions, file);
 }

 Status BuildTable(
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Status BuildTable(
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>>
        range_del_iters,
    FileMetaData* meta, std::vector<BlobFileAddition>* blob_file_additions,
-    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots, SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
+    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    bool paranoid_file_checks, InternalStats* internal_stats,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ Status BuildTable(

    const std::atomic<bool> kManualCompactionCanceledFalse{false};
    CompactionIterator c_iter(
-        iter, ucmp, &merge, kMaxSequenceNumber, &snapshots, earliest_snapshot,
+        iter, ucmp, &merge, kMaxSequenceNumber, &snapshots,
        earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, job_snapshot, snapshot_checker, env,
        ShouldReportDetailedTime(env, ioptions.stats),
        true /* internal key corruption is not ok */, range_del_agg.get(),
@@ -206,7 +206,10 @@ Status BuildTable(
        /*compaction=*/nullptr, compaction_filter.get(),
        /*shutting_down=*/nullptr, db_options.info_log, full_history_ts_low);

-    SequenceNumber smallest_preferred_seqno = kMaxSequenceNumber;
+    const size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
+    const bool logical_strip_timestamp =
+        ts_sz > 0 && !ioptions.persist_user_defined_timestamps;
+
    std::string key_after_flush_buf;
    std::string value_buf;
    c_iter.SeekToFirst();
@@ -218,6 +221,16 @@ Status BuildTable(
      Slice key_after_flush = key_after_flush_buf;
      Slice value_after_flush = value;

+      // If user defined timestamps will be stripped from user key after flush,
+      // the in memory version of the key act logically the same as one with a
+      // minimum timestamp. We update the timestamp here so file boundary and
+      // output validator, block builder all see the effect of the stripping.
+      if (logical_strip_timestamp) {
+        key_after_flush_buf.clear();
+        ReplaceInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&key_after_flush_buf, key, ts_sz);
+        key_after_flush = key_after_flush_buf;
+      }
+
      if (ikey.type == kTypeValuePreferredSeqno) {
        auto [unpacked_value, unix_write_time] =
            ParsePackedValueWithWriteTime(value);
@@ -229,8 +242,6 @@ Status BuildTable(
        if (preferred_seqno < ikey.sequence) {
          value_after_flush =
              PackValueAndSeqno(unpacked_value, preferred_seqno, &value_buf);
-          smallest_preferred_seqno =
-              std::min(smallest_preferred_seqno, preferred_seqno);
        } else {
          // Cannot get a useful preferred seqno, convert it to a kTypeValue.
          UpdateInternalKey(&key_after_flush_buf, ikey.sequence, kTypeValue);
@@ -277,7 +288,11 @@ Status BuildTable(
      Slice last_tombstone_start_user_key{};
      for (range_del_it->SeekToFirst(); range_del_it->Valid();
           range_del_it->Next()) {
-        auto tombstone = range_del_it->Tombstone();
+        // When user timestamp should not be persisted, we logically strip a
+        // range tombstone's start and end key's timestamp (replace it with min
+        // timestamp) before passing them along to table builder and to update
+        // file boundaries.
+        auto tombstone = range_del_it->Tombstone(logical_strip_timestamp);
        std::pair<InternalKey, Slice> kv = tombstone.Serialize();
        builder->Add(kv.first.Encode(), kv.second);
        InternalKey tombstone_end = tombstone.SerializeEndKey();
@@ -311,10 +326,9 @@ Status BuildTable(
    } else {
      SeqnoToTimeMapping relevant_mapping;
      if (seqno_to_time_mapping) {
-        relevant_mapping.CopyFromSeqnoRange(
-            *seqno_to_time_mapping,
-            std::min(meta->fd.smallest_seqno, smallest_preferred_seqno),
-            meta->fd.largest_seqno);
+        relevant_mapping.CopyFromSeqnoRange(*seqno_to_time_mapping,
+                                            meta->fd.smallest_seqno,
+                                            meta->fd.largest_seqno);
        relevant_mapping.SetCapacity(kMaxSeqnoTimePairsPerSST);
        relevant_mapping.Enforce(tboptions.file_creation_time);
      }
@@ -420,7 +434,8 @@ Status BuildTable(
      // the goal is to cache it here for further user reads.
      std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> it(table_cache->NewIterator(
          tboptions.read_options, file_options, tboptions.internal_comparator,
-          *meta, nullptr /* range_del_agg */, mutable_cf_options, nullptr,
+          *meta, nullptr /* range_del_agg */,
+          mutable_cf_options.prefix_extractor, nullptr,
          (internal_stats == nullptr) ? nullptr
                                      : internal_stats->GetFileReadHist(0),
          TableReaderCaller::kFlush, /*arena=*/nullptr,
@@ -428,7 +443,8 @@ Status BuildTable(
          MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(mutable_cf_options),
          /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
          /*largest_compaction_key*/ nullptr,
-          /*allow_unprepared_value*/ false));
+          /*allow_unprepared_value*/ false,
+          mutable_cf_options.block_protection_bytes_per_key));
      s = it->status();
      if (s.ok() && paranoid_file_checks) {
        OutputValidator file_validator(tboptions.internal_comparator,
@@ -460,18 +476,9 @@ Status BuildTable(
      Status prepare =
          WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(tboptions.write_options, opts);
      if (prepare.ok()) {
-        // FIXME: track file for "slow" deletion, e.g. into the
-        // VersionSet::obsolete_files_ pipeline
        Status ignored = fs->DeleteFile(fname, opts, dbg);
        ignored.PermitUncheckedError();
      }
-      // Ensure we don't leak table cache entries when throwing away output
-      // files. (The usual logic in PurgeObsoleteFiles is not applicable because
-      // this function deletes the obsolete file itself, while they should
-      // probably go into the VersionSet::obsolete_files_ pipeline.)
-      TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(table_cache->get_cache().get(),
-                                  meta->fd.GetNumber(), nullptr /*handle*/,
-                                  mutable_cf_options.uncache_aggressiveness);
    }

    assert(blob_file_additions || blob_file_paths.empty());
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Status BuildTable(
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>>
        range_del_iters,
    FileMetaData* meta, std::vector<BlobFileAddition>* blob_file_additions,
-    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots, SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
+    std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    bool paranoid_file_checks, InternalStats* internal_stats,
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ struct rocksdb_livefiles_t {
 };
 struct rocksdb_column_family_handle_t {
  ColumnFamilyHandle* rep;
-  bool immortal;  /* only true for default cf */
 };
 struct rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t {
  ColumnFamilyMetaData rep;
@@ -532,42 +531,6 @@ struct rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionOptionsUniversal* rep;
 };

-struct rocksdb_callback_logger_t : public Logger {
-  static const ssize_t STACK_BUFSZ = 512;
-  rocksdb_callback_logger_t(InfoLogLevel log_level,
-                            void (*logv_cb)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
-                            void* priv)
-      : Logger(log_level), logv_cb_(logv_cb), priv_(priv) {}
-
-  using Logger::Logv;
-  void Logv(const InfoLogLevel level, const char* fmt, va_list ap0) override {
-    char stack_buf[STACK_BUFSZ];
-    char* alloc_buf = nullptr;
-    char* buf = stack_buf;
-    int len = 0;
-    va_list ap1;
-    if (!logv_cb_) return;
-    va_copy(ap1, ap0);
-    len = vsnprintf(buf, STACK_BUFSZ, fmt, ap0);
-    if (len <= 0)
-      goto cleanup;
-    else if (len >= STACK_BUFSZ) {
-      buf = alloc_buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 1));
-      if (!buf) goto cleanup;
-      len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, fmt, ap1);
-      if (len <= 0) goto cleanup;
-    }
-    logv_cb_(priv_, unsigned(level), buf, size_t(len));
-  cleanup:
-    va_end(ap1);
-    free(alloc_buf);
-  }
-
- private:
-  void (*logv_cb_)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t) = nullptr;
-  void* priv_ = nullptr;
-};
-
 static bool SaveError(char** errptr, const Status& s) {
  assert(errptr != nullptr);
  if (s.ok()) {
@@ -583,7 +546,6 @@ static bool SaveError(char** errptr, const Status& s) {
  return true;
 }

-// Copies str to a new malloc()-ed buffer. The buffer is not NUL terminated.
 static char* CopyString(const std::string& str) {
  char* result = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(char) * str.size()));
  memcpy(result, str.data(), sizeof(char) * str.size());
@@ -944,7 +906,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_and_trim_history(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -975,7 +936,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1011,7 +971,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families_with_ttl(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1045,7 +1004,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_for_read_only_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1077,7 +1035,6 @@ rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_as_secondary_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
@@ -1115,7 +1072,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family(
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -1139,7 +1095,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** rocksdb_create_column_families(
  for (size_t i = 0; i != handles.size(); ++i) {
    c_handles[i] = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handles[i]->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handles[i]->immortal = false;
  }

  return c_handles;
@@ -1159,7 +1114,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family_with_ttl(
  SaveError(errptr, db_with_ttl->CreateColumnFamilyWithTtl(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep), ttl));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -1181,19 +1135,9 @@ char* rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_name(
  return CopyString(name);
 }

-rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_get_default_column_family_handle(
-    rocksdb_t* db) {
-  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
-  handle->rep = db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily();
-  handle->immortal = true;
-  return handle;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_column_family_handle_destroy(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle) {
-  if (!handle->immortal) {
-    delete handle->rep;
-  }
+  delete handle->rep;
  delete handle;
 }

@@ -1429,18 +1373,6 @@ char* rocksdb_get_cf_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
  return result;
 }

-char* rocksdb_get_db_identity(rocksdb_t* db, size_t* id_len) {
-  std::string identity_tmp;
-  Status s = db->rep->GetDbIdentity(identity_tmp);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    *id_len = 0;
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  *id_len = identity_tmp.size();
-  return CopyString(identity_tmp);
-}
-
 void rocksdb_multi_get(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                       size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                       const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
@@ -1838,26 +1770,6 @@ void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf(
  delete[] ranges;
 }

-extern ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf_with_flags(
-    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
-    int num_ranges, const char* const* range_start_key,
-    const size_t* range_start_key_len, const char* const* range_limit_key,
-    const size_t* range_limit_key_len, uint8_t include_flags, uint64_t* sizes,
-    char** errptr) {
-  Range* ranges = new Range[num_ranges];
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
-    ranges[i].start = Slice(range_start_key[i], range_start_key_len[i]);
-    ranges[i].limit = Slice(range_limit_key[i], range_limit_key_len[i]);
-  }
-  Status s = db->rep->GetApproximateSizes(
-      column_family->rep, ranges, num_ranges, sizes,
-      static_cast<DB::SizeApproximationFlags>(include_flags));
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    SaveError(errptr, s);
-  }
-  delete[] ranges;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_delete_file(rocksdb_t* db, const char* name) {
  db->rep->DeleteFile(name);
 }
@@ -2035,10 +1947,6 @@ void rocksdb_iter_get_error(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->status());
 }

-void rocksdb_iter_refresh(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->Refresh());
-}
-
 rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create() {
  return new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
 }
@@ -2050,15 +1958,6 @@ rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_from(const char* rep,
  return b;
 }

-rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params(
-    size_t reserved_bytes, size_t max_bytes, size_t protection_bytes_per_key,
-    size_t default_cf_ts_sz) {
-  rocksdb_writebatch_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
-  b->rep = WriteBatch(reserved_bytes, max_bytes, protection_bytes_per_key,
-                      default_cf_ts_sz);
-  return b;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { delete b; }

 void rocksdb_writebatch_clear(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { b->rep.Clear(); }
@@ -2286,32 +2185,6 @@ class H : public WriteBatch::Handler {
  }
 };

-class HCF : public WriteBatch::Handler {
- public:
-  void* state_;
-  void (*put_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                  const char* v, size_t vlen);
-  void (*deleted_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen);
-  void (*merge_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                    const char* v, size_t vlen);
-  Status PutCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
-               const Slice& value) override {
-    (*put_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
-               value.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-  Status DeleteCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key) override {
-    (*deleted_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-  Status MergeCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
-                 const Slice& value) override {
-    (*merge_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
-                 value.size());
-    return Status::OK();
-  }
-};
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
                                void (*put)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen,
                                            const char* v, size_t vlen),
@@ -2324,21 +2197,6 @@ void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
 }

-void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
-    void (*put_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                   const char* v, size_t vlen),
-    void (*deleted_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen),
-    void (*merge_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                     const char* v, size_t vlen)) {
-  HCF handler;
-  handler.state_ = state;
-  handler.put_cf_ = put_cf;
-  handler.deleted_cf_ = deleted_cf;
-  handler.merge_cf_ = merge_cf;
-  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
-}
-
 const char* rocksdb_writebatch_data(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, size_t* size) {
  *size = b->rep.GetDataSize();
  return b->rep.Data().c_str();
@@ -2365,35 +2223,6 @@ rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create(
  return b;
 }

-rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params(
-    rocksdb_comparator_t* backup_index_comparator, size_t reserved_bytes,
-    unsigned char overwrite_key, size_t max_bytes,
-    size_t protection_bytes_per_key) {
-  rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t;
-  b->rep = new WriteBatchWithIndex(backup_index_comparator, reserved_bytes,
-                                   overwrite_key, max_bytes,
-                                   protection_bytes_per_key);
-  return b;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
-    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep.UpdateTimestamps(
-                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
-                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
-                        }));
-}
-
-void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps(
-    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
-    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
-  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep->GetWriteBatch()->UpdateTimestamps(
-                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
-                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
-                        }));
-}
-
 void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  if (b->rep) {
    delete b->rep;
@@ -2916,24 +2745,6 @@ void rocksdb_options_set_block_based_table_factory(
  }
 }

-void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_top_level_index_pinning_tier(
-    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
-  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.top_level_index_pinning =
-      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
-}
-
-void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_partition_pinning_tier(
-    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
-  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.partition_pinning =
-      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
-}
-
-void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_unpartitioned_pinning_tier(
-    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
-  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.unpartitioned_pinning =
-      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
-}
-
 rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* rocksdb_cuckoo_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t;
 }
@@ -3134,15 +2945,6 @@ rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_stderr_logger(int log_level,
  return logger;
 }

-rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_callback_logger(
-    int log_level, void (*callback)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
-    void* priv) {
-  rocksdb_logger_t* logger = new rocksdb_logger_t;
-  logger->rep = std::make_shared<rocksdb_callback_logger_t>(
-      static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(log_level), callback, priv);
-  return logger;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_logger_destroy(rocksdb_logger_t* logger) { delete logger; }

 void rocksdb_options_set_env(rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_env_t* env) {
@@ -4065,36 +3867,6 @@ void rocksdb_options_set_plain_table_factory(
  opt->rep.table_factory.reset(factory);
 }

-unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char write_dbid_to_manifest) {
-  opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest = write_dbid_to_manifest;
-}
-
-unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_write_identity_file(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.write_identity_file;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_options_set_write_identity_file(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char write_identity_file) {
-  opt->rep.write_identity_file = write_identity_file;
-}
-
-unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
-}
-
-void rocksdb_options_set_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
-    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest) {
-  opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest =
-      track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
-}
-
 void rocksdb_options_set_max_successive_merges(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               size_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_successive_merges = v;
@@ -4158,14 +3930,6 @@ void rocksdb_options_set_fifo_compaction_options(
  opt->rep.compaction_options_fifo = fifo->rep;
 }

-void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_pri(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int pri) {
-  opt->rep.compaction_pri = static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionPri>(pri);
-}
-
-int rocksdb_options_get_compaction_pri(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
-  return opt->rep.compaction_pri;
-}
-
 char* rocksdb_options_statistics_get_string(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Statistics* statistics = opt->rep.statistics.get();
  if (statistics) {
@@ -4474,8 +4238,13 @@ void rocksdb_perfcontext_destroy(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context) {

 /*
 TODO:
+DB::OpenForReadOnly
+DB::KeyMayExist
 DB::GetOptions
 DB::GetSortedWalFiles
+DB::GetLatestSequenceNumber
+DB::GetUpdatesSince
+DB::GetDbIdentity
 DB::RunManualCompaction
 custom cache
 table_properties_collectors
@@ -5952,7 +5721,6 @@ rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_column_family(
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)));
-  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
 }

@@ -5995,7 +5763,6 @@ rocksdb_transactiondb_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_transactiondb_t* result = new rocksdb_transactiondb_t;
@@ -6790,7 +6557,6 @@ rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_open_column_families(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
-    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* result =
@@ -199,79 +199,6 @@ static void CheckDel(void* ptr, const char* k, size_t klen) {
  (*state)++;
 }

-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckPutCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                       const char* v, size_t vlen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 0:
-      CheckEqual("bar", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("b", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 1:
-      CheckEqual("box", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("c", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 4:
-      CheckEqual("foo", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("f", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    case 6:
-      CheckEqual("baz", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("a", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckDelCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 2:
-      CheckEqual("bar", k, klen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 5:
-      CheckEqual("foo", k, klen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
-// Callback from rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf()
-static void CheckMergeCF(void* ptr, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
-                         const char* v, size_t vlen) {
-  int* state = (int*)ptr;
-  switch (*state) {
-    case 3:
-      CheckEqual("box", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("cc", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 1);
-      break;
-    case 7:
-      CheckEqual("baz", k, klen);
-      CheckEqual("aa", v, vlen);
-      CheckCondition(cfid == 0);
-      break;
-    default:
-      CheckCondition(false);
-      break;
-  }
-  (*state)++;
-}
-
 static void CmpDestroy(void* arg) { (void)arg; }

 static int CmpCompare(void* arg, const char* a, size_t alen, const char* b,
@@ -772,17 +699,11 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  rocksdb_options_set_write_buffer_size(options, 100000);
  rocksdb_options_set_paranoid_checks(options, 1);
  rocksdb_options_set_max_open_files(options, 10);
-  /* Compatibility with how test was written */
-  rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(options, 0);

  table_options = rocksdb_block_based_options_create();
  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_cache(table_options, cache);
  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_data_block_index_type(table_options, 1);
  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_data_block_hash_ratio(table_options, 0.75);
-  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_top_level_index_pinning_tier(table_options,
-                                                               1);
-  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_partition_pinning_tier(table_options, 2);
-  rocksdb_block_based_options_set_unpartitioned_pinning_tier(table_options, 3);
  rocksdb_options_set_block_based_table_factory(options, table_options);

  rocksdb_options_set_compression(options, rocksdb_no_compression);
@@ -873,11 +794,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_delete(db, woptions, "foo", 3, &err);
    CheckNoError(err);

-    // get the identity before the backup
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
    rocksdb_close(db);

    rocksdb_destroy_db(options, dbname, &err);
@@ -898,14 +814,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");

-    // the db_identity after the backup is different
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) != 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
-
    rocksdb_backup_engine_close(be);
  }

@@ -921,14 +829,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_checkpoint_create(checkpoint, dbcheckpointname, 0, &err);
    CheckNoError(err);

-    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);
-    checkpoint = NULL;
-
-    // get the identity before the checkpoint
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
    // start a new database from the checkpoint
    rocksdb_close(db);
    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 0);
@@ -937,13 +837,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");

-    // the db_identity after the checkpoint is different
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) != 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
+    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);

    rocksdb_close(db);
    rocksdb_destroy_db(options, dbcheckpointname, &err);
@@ -954,82 +848,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 1);
  }

-  StartPhase("checkpoint_db_id_in_manifest");
-  {
-    // create new DB with set_write_dbid_to_manifest=true
-    // db_identity is now the same across checkpoints
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    db = NULL;
-
-    rocksdb_options_t* options_dbid_in_manifest = rocksdb_options_create();
-    rocksdb_options_set_create_if_missing(options_dbid_in_manifest, 1);
-
-    rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest, false);
-    unsigned char write_to_manifest =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(!write_to_manifest);
-    rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest, true);
-    write_to_manifest =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(write_to_manifest);
-
-    rocksdb_options_set_write_identity_file(options_dbid_in_manifest, true);
-    unsigned char write_identity_file =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_identity_file(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(write_identity_file);
-    rocksdb_options_set_write_identity_file(options_dbid_in_manifest, false);
-    write_identity_file =
-        rocksdb_options_get_write_identity_file(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    CheckCondition(!write_identity_file);
-
-    db = rocksdb_open(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbbackupname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_t* checkpoint =
-        rocksdb_checkpoint_object_create(db, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_create(checkpoint, dbcheckpointname, 0, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(checkpoint);
-    checkpoint = NULL;
-
-    // get the identity before the backup
-    size_t before_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* before_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &before_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(before_db_id_len == 36);
-
-    // open the checkpoint
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    rocksdb_destroy_db(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbbackupname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options_dbid_in_manifest, 0);
-    db = rocksdb_open(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbcheckpointname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-
-    // the db_identity after the checkpoint is the same
-    size_t after_db_id_len = 0;
-    char* after_db_id = rocksdb_get_db_identity(db, &after_db_id_len);
-    CheckCondition(after_db_id_len == 36);
-    CheckCondition(memcmp(after_db_id, before_db_id, after_db_id_len) == 0);
-    Free(&before_db_id);
-    Free(&after_db_id);
-
-    rocksdb_close(db);
-    rocksdb_destroy_db(options_dbid_in_manifest, dbcheckpointname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-    rocksdb_options_destroy(options_dbid_in_manifest);
-    options_dbid_in_manifest = NULL;
-
-    // re-open the default database
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 0);
-    db = rocksdb_open(options, dbname, &err);
-    CheckNoError(err);
-    rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(options, 1);
-  }
-
  StartPhase("compactall");
  rocksdb_compact_range(db, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
  CheckGet(db, roptions, "foo", "hello");
@@ -1500,8 +1318,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
      policy = rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_hybrid(8.0, 1);
    }
    rocksdb_block_based_options_set_filter_policy(table_options, policy);
-    rocksdb_block_based_options_set_optimize_filters_for_memory(table_options,
-                                                                0);

    // Create new database
    rocksdb_close(db);
@@ -1772,21 +1588,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "bar", NULL);
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "box", "c");
    CheckPinGetCF(db, roptions, handles[1], "buff", "rocksdb");
-    rocksdb_writebatch_clear(wb);
-    // Test WriteBatch iteration with Column Family
-    int pos = 0;
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf(wb, handles[1], "bar", 3, "b", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf(wb, handles[1], "box", 3, "c", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_delete_cf(wb, handles[1], "bar", 3);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_merge_cf(wb, handles[1], "box", 3, "cc", 2);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put(wb, "foo", 3, "f", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_delete(wb, "foo", 3);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_put(wb, "baz", 3, "a", 1);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_merge(wb, "baz", 3, "aa", 2);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf(wb, &pos, CheckPutCF, CheckDelCF,
-                                  CheckMergeCF);
-    CheckCondition(pos == 8);
-    rocksdb_writebatch_clear(wb);
    rocksdb_writebatch_destroy(wb);

    rocksdb_flush_wal(db, 1, &err);
@@ -2238,6 +2039,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_options_set_advise_random_on_open(o, 1);
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_advise_random_on_open(o));

+
    rocksdb_options_set_use_adaptive_mutex(o, 1);
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_use_adaptive_mutex(o));

@@ -2308,9 +2110,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    rocksdb_options_set_compaction_style(o, 2);
    CheckCondition(2 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_style(o));

-    rocksdb_options_set_compaction_pri(o, 4);
-    CheckCondition(4 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_pri(o));
-
    rocksdb_options_set_atomic_flush(o, 1);
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_atomic_flush(o));

@@ -2333,12 +2132,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    CheckCondition(rocksdb_statistics_level_all ==
                   rocksdb_options_get_statistics_level(o));

-    CheckCondition(0 ==
-                   rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o));
-    rocksdb_options_set_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o, 42);
-    CheckCondition(1 ==
-                   rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(o));
-
    /* Blob Options */
    rocksdb_options_set_enable_blob_files(o, 1);
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_enable_blob_files(o));
@@ -2821,10 +2614,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_style(copy));
    CheckCondition(2 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_style(o));

-    rocksdb_options_set_compaction_pri(copy, 1);
-    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_pri(copy));
-    CheckCondition(4 == rocksdb_options_get_compaction_pri(o));
-
    rocksdb_options_set_atomic_flush(copy, 0);
    CheckCondition(0 == rocksdb_options_get_atomic_flush(copy));
    CheckCondition(1 == rocksdb_options_get_atomic_flush(o));
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#include "db/coalescing_iterator.h"
-
-#include "db/wide/wide_columns_helper.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-void CoalescingIterator::Coalesce(
-    const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items) {
-  assert(wide_columns_.empty());
-  MinHeap heap;
-  for (const auto& item : items) {
-    assert(item.iterator);
-    for (auto& column : item.iterator->columns()) {
-      heap.push(WideColumnWithOrder{&column, item.order});
-    }
-  }
-  if (heap.empty()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  wide_columns_.reserve(heap.size());
-  auto current = heap.top();
-  heap.pop();
-  while (!heap.empty()) {
-    int comparison = current.column->name().compare(heap.top().column->name());
-    if (comparison < 0) {
-      wide_columns_.push_back(*current.column);
-    } else if (comparison > 0) {
-      // Shouldn't reach here.
-      // Current item in the heap is greater than the top item in the min heap
-      assert(false);
-    }
-    current = heap.top();
-    heap.pop();
-  }
-  wide_columns_.push_back(*current.column);
-
-  if (WideColumnsHelper::HasDefaultColumn(wide_columns_)) {
-    value_ = WideColumnsHelper::GetDefaultColumn(wide_columns_);
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "db/multi_cf_iterator_impl.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-class CoalescingIterator : public Iterator {
- public:
-  CoalescingIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, const Comparator* comparator,
-      std::vector<std::pair<ColumnFamilyHandle*, std::unique_ptr<Iterator>>>&&
-          cfh_iter_pairs)
-      : impl_(read_options, comparator, std::move(cfh_iter_pairs),
-              ResetFunc(this), PopulateFunc(this)) {}
-  ~CoalescingIterator() override {}
-
-  // No copy allowed
-  CoalescingIterator(const CoalescingIterator&) = delete;
-  CoalescingIterator& operator=(const CoalescingIterator&) = delete;
-
-  bool Valid() const override { return impl_.Valid(); }
-  void SeekToFirst() override { impl_.SeekToFirst(); }
-  void SeekToLast() override { impl_.SeekToLast(); }
-  void Seek(const Slice& target) override { impl_.Seek(target); }
-  void SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) override { impl_.SeekForPrev(target); }
-  void Next() override { impl_.Next(); }
-  void Prev() override { impl_.Prev(); }
-  Slice key() const override { return impl_.key(); }
-  Status status() const override { return impl_.status(); }
-
-  Slice value() const override {
-    assert(Valid());
-    return value_;
-  }
-  const WideColumns& columns() const override {
-    assert(Valid());
-    return wide_columns_;
-  }
-
-  void Reset() {
-    value_.clear();
-    wide_columns_.clear();
-  }
-
-  bool PrepareValue() override { return impl_.PrepareValue(); }
-
- private:
-  class ResetFunc {
-   public:
-    explicit ResetFunc(CoalescingIterator* iter) : iter_(iter) {}
-
-    void operator()() const {
-      assert(iter_);
-      iter_->Reset();
-    }
-
-   private:
-    CoalescingIterator* iter_;
-  };
-
-  class PopulateFunc {
-   public:
-    explicit PopulateFunc(CoalescingIterator* iter) : iter_(iter) {}
-
-    void operator()(const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items) const {
-      assert(iter_);
-      iter_->Coalesce(items);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    CoalescingIterator* iter_;
-  };
-
-  MultiCfIteratorImpl<ResetFunc, PopulateFunc> impl_;
-  Slice value_;
-  WideColumns wide_columns_;
-
-  struct WideColumnWithOrder {
-    const WideColumn* column;
-    int order;
-  };
-
-  class WideColumnWithOrderComparator {
-   public:
-    explicit WideColumnWithOrderComparator() {}
-    bool operator()(const WideColumnWithOrder& a,
-                    const WideColumnWithOrder& b) const {
-      int c = a.column->name().compare(b.column->name());
-      return c == 0 ? a.order - b.order > 0 : c > 0;
-    }
-  };
-
-  using MinHeap =
-      BinaryHeap<WideColumnWithOrder, WideColumnWithOrderComparator>;
-
-  void Coalesce(const autovector<MultiCfIteratorInfo>& items);
-};
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ void SuperVersion::Cleanup() {
  // decrement reference to the immutable MemtableList
  // this SV object was pointing to.
  imm->Unref(&to_delete);
-  ReadOnlyMemTable* m = mem->Unref();
+  MemTable* m = mem->Unref();
  if (m != nullptr) {
    auto* memory_usage = current->cfd()->imm()->current_memory_usage();
    assert(*memory_usage >= m->ApproximateMemoryUsage());
@@ -538,7 +538,6 @@ ColumnFamilyData::ColumnFamilyData(
      refs_(0),
      initialized_(false),
      dropped_(false),
-      flush_skip_reschedule_(false),
      internal_comparator_(cf_options.comparator),
      initial_cf_options_(SanitizeOptions(db_options, cf_options)),
      ioptions_(db_options, initial_cf_options_),
@@ -595,8 +594,8 @@ ColumnFamilyData::ColumnFamilyData(
    blob_file_cache_.reset(
        new BlobFileCache(_table_cache, ioptions(), soptions(), id_,
                          internal_stats_->GetBlobFileReadHist(), io_tracer));
-    blob_source_.reset(new BlobSource(ioptions_, mutable_cf_options_, db_id,
-                                      db_session_id, blob_file_cache_.get()));
+    blob_source_.reset(new BlobSource(ioptions(), db_id, db_session_id,
+                                      blob_file_cache_.get()));

    if (ioptions_.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel) {
      compaction_picker_.reset(
@@ -693,9 +692,9 @@ ColumnFamilyData::~ColumnFamilyData() {
  if (mem_ != nullptr) {
    delete mem_->Unref();
  }
-  autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*> to_delete;
+  autovector<MemTable*> to_delete;
  imm_.current()->Unref(&to_delete);
-  for (auto* m : to_delete) {
+  for (MemTable* m : to_delete) {
    delete m;
  }

@@ -901,11 +900,7 @@ uint64_t GetPendingCompactionBytesForCompactionSpeedup(
    return slowdown_threshold;
  }

-  // Prevent a small CF from triggering parallel compactions for other CFs.
-  // Require compaction debt to be more than a full L0 to Lbase compaction.
-  const uint64_t kMinDebtSize = 2 * mutable_cf_options.max_bytes_for_level_base;
-  uint64_t size_threshold =
-      std::max(bottommost_files_size / kBottommostSizeDivisor, kMinDebtSize);
+  uint64_t size_threshold = bottommost_files_size / kBottommostSizeDivisor;
  return std::min(size_threshold, slowdown_threshold);
 }

@@ -1176,12 +1171,10 @@ bool ColumnFamilyData::NeedsCompaction() const {

 Compaction* ColumnFamilyData::PickCompaction(
    const MutableCFOptions& mutable_options,
-    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-    const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-    const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
+    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
  auto* result = compaction_picker_->PickCompaction(
-      GetName(), mutable_options, mutable_db_options, existing_snapshots,
-      snapshot_checker, current_->storage_info(), log_buffer);
+      GetName(), mutable_options, mutable_db_options, current_->storage_info(),
+      log_buffer);
  if (result != nullptr) {
    result->FinalizeInputInfo(current_);
  }
@@ -1207,10 +1200,8 @@ Status ColumnFamilyData::RangesOverlapWithMemtables(
  read_opts.total_order_seek = true;
  MergeIteratorBuilder merge_iter_builder(&internal_comparator_, &arena);
  merge_iter_builder.AddIterator(super_version->mem->NewIterator(
-      read_opts, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr, &arena,
-      /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr));
+      read_opts, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr, &arena));
  super_version->imm->AddIterators(read_opts, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr,
-                                   /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr,
                                   &merge_iter_builder,
                                   false /* add_range_tombstone_iter */);
  ScopedArenaPtr<InternalIterator> memtable_iter(merge_iter_builder.Finish());
@@ -1537,20 +1528,6 @@ Status ColumnFamilyData::ValidateOptions(
      }
    }
  }
-
-  if (cf_options.compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal) {
-    int max_read_amp = cf_options.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp;
-    if (max_read_amp < -1) {
-      return Status::NotSupported(
-          "CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp should be at least -1.");
-    } else if (0 < max_read_amp &&
-               max_read_amp < cf_options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger) {
-      return Status::NotSupported(
-          "CompactionOptionsUniversal::max_read_amp limits the number of sorted"
-          " runs but is smaller than the compaction trigger "
-          "level0_file_num_compaction_trigger.");
-    }
-  }
  return s;
 }

@@ -1561,11 +1538,6 @@ Status ColumnFamilyData::SetOptions(
      BuildColumnFamilyOptions(initial_cf_options_, mutable_cf_options_);
  ConfigOptions config_opts;
  config_opts.mutable_options_only = true;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  if (TEST_allowSetOptionsImmutableInMutable) {
-    config_opts.mutable_options_only = false;
-  }
-#endif
  Status s = GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromMap(config_opts, cf_opts, options_map,
                                           &cf_opts);
  if (s.ok()) {
@@ -1578,6 +1550,28 @@ Status ColumnFamilyData::SetOptions(
  return s;
 }

+// REQUIRES: DB mutex held
+Env::WriteLifeTimeHint ColumnFamilyData::CalculateSSTWriteHint(int level) {
+  if (initial_cf_options_.compaction_style != kCompactionStyleLevel) {
+    return Env::WLTH_NOT_SET;
+  }
+  if (level == 0) {
+    return Env::WLTH_MEDIUM;
+  }
+  int base_level = current_->storage_info()->base_level();
+
+  // L1: medium, L2: long, ...
+  if (level - base_level >= 2) {
+    return Env::WLTH_EXTREME;
+  } else if (level < base_level) {
+    // There is no restriction which prevents level passed in to be smaller
+    // than base_level.
+    return Env::WLTH_MEDIUM;
+  }
+  return static_cast<Env::WriteLifeTimeHint>(
+      level - base_level + static_cast<int>(Env::WLTH_MEDIUM));
+}
+
 Status ColumnFamilyData::AddDirectories(
    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<FSDirectory>>* created_dirs) {
  Status s;
@@ -1613,19 +1607,6 @@ FSDirectory* ColumnFamilyData::GetDataDir(size_t path_id) const {
  return data_dirs_[path_id].get();
 }

-void ColumnFamilyData::SetFlushSkipReschedule() {
-  const Comparator* ucmp = user_comparator();
-  const size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
-  if (ts_sz == 0 || ioptions_.persist_user_defined_timestamps) {
-    return;
-  }
-  flush_skip_reschedule_.store(true);
-}
-
-bool ColumnFamilyData::GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule() {
-  return flush_skip_reschedule_.exchange(false);
-}
-
 bool ColumnFamilyData::ShouldPostponeFlushToRetainUDT(
    uint64_t max_memtable_id) {
  const Comparator* ucmp = user_comparator();
@@ -1643,9 +1624,6 @@ bool ColumnFamilyData::ShouldPostponeFlushToRetainUDT(
  }
  for (const Slice& table_newest_udt :
       imm()->GetTablesNewestUDT(max_memtable_id)) {
-    if (table_newest_udt.empty()) {
-      continue;
-    }
    assert(table_newest_udt.size() == full_history_ts_low.size());
    // Checking the newest UDT contained in MemTable with ascending ID up to
    // `max_memtable_id`. Return immediately on finding the first MemTable that
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@

 #include "cache/cache_reservation_manager.h"
 #include "db/memtable_list.h"
-#include "db/snapshot_checker.h"
 #include "db/table_cache.h"
 #include "db/table_properties_collector.h"
 #include "db/write_batch_internal.h"
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ struct SuperVersion {
  // Accessing members of this class is not thread-safe and requires external
  // synchronization (ie db mutex held or on write thread).
  ColumnFamilyData* cfd;
-  ReadOnlyMemTable* mem;
+  MemTable* mem;
  MemTableListVersion* imm;
  Version* current;
  MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options;
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ struct SuperVersion {
  // We need to_delete because during Cleanup(), imm->Unref() returns
  // all memtables that we need to free through this vector. We then
  // delete all those memtables outside of mutex, during destruction
-  autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*> to_delete;
+  autovector<MemTable*> to_delete;
 };

 Status CheckCompressionSupported(const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options);
@@ -330,10 +329,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  void SetDropped();
  bool IsDropped() const { return dropped_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }

-  void SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-
-  bool GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule();
-
  // thread-safe
  int NumberLevels() const { return ioptions_.num_levels; }

@@ -386,9 +381,9 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  uint64_t GetTotalSstFilesSize() const;  // REQUIRE: DB mutex held
  uint64_t GetLiveSstFilesSize() const;   // REQUIRE: DB mutex held
  uint64_t GetTotalBlobFileSize() const;  // REQUIRE: DB mutex held
-  // REQUIRE: DB mutex held
  void SetMemtable(MemTable* new_mem) {
-    new_mem->SetID(++last_memtable_id_);
+    uint64_t memtable_id = last_memtable_id_.fetch_add(1) + 1;
+    new_mem->SetID(memtable_id);
    mem_ = new_mem;
  }

@@ -402,18 +397,15 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
                         SequenceNumber earliest_seq);

  TableCache* table_cache() const { return table_cache_.get(); }
-  BlobFileCache* blob_file_cache() const { return blob_file_cache_.get(); }
  BlobSource* blob_source() const { return blob_source_.get(); }

  // See documentation in compaction_picker.h
  // REQUIRES: DB mutex held
  bool NeedsCompaction() const;
  // REQUIRES: DB mutex held
-  Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const MutableCFOptions& mutable_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-      const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, LogBuffer* log_buffer);
+  Compaction* PickCompaction(const MutableCFOptions& mutable_options,
+                             const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
+                             LogBuffer* log_buffer);

  // Check if the passed range overlap with any running compactions.
  // REQUIRES: DB mutex held
@@ -515,6 +507,8 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
    return initial_cf_options_;
  }

+  Env::WriteLifeTimeHint CalculateSSTWriteHint(int level);
+
  // created_dirs remembers directory created, so that we don't need to call
  // the same data creation operation again.
  Status AddDirectories(
@@ -574,10 +568,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  // of its files (if missing)
  void RecoverEpochNumbers();

-  int GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck() const {
-    return (mem_->IsEmpty() ? 0 : 1) + imm_.NumNotFlushed();
-  }
-
 private:
  friend class ColumnFamilySet;
  ColumnFamilyData(uint32_t id, const std::string& name,
@@ -602,15 +592,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  std::atomic<bool> initialized_;
  std::atomic<bool> dropped_;  // true if client dropped it

-  // When user-defined timestamps in memtable only feature is enabled, this
-  // flag indicates a successfully requested flush that should
-  // skip being rescheduled and haven't undergone the rescheduling check yet.
-  // This flag is cleared when a check skips rescheduling a FlushRequest.
-  // With this flag, automatic flushes in regular cases can continue to
-  // retain UDTs by getting rescheduled as usual while manual flushes and
-  // error recovery flushes will proceed without getting rescheduled.
-  std::atomic<bool> flush_skip_reschedule_;
-
  const InternalKeyComparator internal_comparator_;
  InternalTblPropCollFactories internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories_;

@@ -673,7 +654,7 @@ class ColumnFamilyData {
  bool allow_2pc_;

  // Memtable id to track flush.
-  uint64_t last_memtable_id_;
+  std::atomic<uint64_t> last_memtable_id_;

  // Directories corresponding to cf_paths.
  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FSDirectory>> data_dirs_;
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
 #include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
-#include "rocksdb/listener.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/object_registry.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
@@ -35,13 +34,6 @@
 #include "utilities/merge_operators.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-namespace {
-std::string EncodeAsUint64(uint64_t number) {
-  std::string result;
-  PutFixed64(&result, number);
-  return result;
-}
-}  // namespace

 static const int kValueSize = 1000;

@@ -3012,25 +3004,19 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, CompactionSpeedupForCompactionDebt) {
  ASSERT_OK(db_->Flush(FlushOptions()));

  {
+    // 1MB debt is way bigger than bottommost data so definitely triggers
+    // speedup.
    VersionStorageInfo* vstorage = cfd->current()->storage_info();
+    vstorage->TEST_set_estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(1048576 /* 1MB */,
+                                                         dbmu);
+    RecalculateWriteStallConditions(cfd, mutable_cf_options);
+    ASSERT_EQ(6, dbfull()->TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed());
+
    // Eight bytes is way smaller than bottommost data so definitely does not
    // trigger speedup.
    vstorage->TEST_set_estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(8, dbmu);
    RecalculateWriteStallConditions(cfd, mutable_cf_options);
    ASSERT_EQ(1, dbfull()->TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed());
-
-    // 1MB is much larger than bottommost level size. However, since it's too
-    // small in terms of absolute size, it does not trigger parallel compaction
-    // in this case (see GetPendingCompactionBytesForCompactionSpeedup()).
-    vstorage->TEST_set_estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(1048576 /* 1MB */,
-                                                         dbmu);
-    RecalculateWriteStallConditions(cfd, mutable_cf_options);
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, dbfull()->TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed());
-
-    vstorage->TEST_set_estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(
-        2 * mutable_cf_options.max_bytes_for_level_base, dbmu);
-    RecalculateWriteStallConditions(cfd, mutable_cf_options);
-    ASSERT_EQ(6, dbfull()->TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed());
  }
 }

@@ -3073,20 +3059,12 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, CompactionSpeedupForMarkedFiles) {
  WaitForCompaction();
  AssertFilesPerLevel("0,1", 0 /* cf */);

-  // We should calculate the limit by obtaining the number of env background
-  // threads, because the current test case will share the same env
-  // with another case that may have already increased the number of
-  // background threads which is larger than kParallelismLimit
-  const auto limit = env_->GetBackgroundThreads(Env::Priority::LOW);
-
  // Block the compaction thread pool so marked files accumulate in L0.
-  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<test::SleepingBackgroundTask>> sleeping_tasks;
-  for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
-    sleeping_tasks.emplace_back(
-        std::make_shared<test::SleepingBackgroundTask>());
+  test::SleepingBackgroundTask sleeping_tasks[kParallelismLimit];
+  for (int i = 0; i < kParallelismLimit; i++) {
    env_->Schedule(&test::SleepingBackgroundTask::DoSleepTask,
-                   sleeping_tasks[i].get(), Env::Priority::LOW);
-    sleeping_tasks[i]->WaitUntilSleeping();
+                   &sleeping_tasks[i], Env::Priority::LOW);
+    sleeping_tasks[i].WaitUntilSleeping();
  }

  // Zero marked upper-level files. No speedup.
@@ -3105,9 +3083,9 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, CompactionSpeedupForMarkedFiles) {
  ASSERT_EQ(kParallelismLimit, dbfull()->TEST_BGCompactionsAllowed());
  AssertFilesPerLevel("2,1", 0 /* cf */);

-  for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
-    sleeping_tasks[i]->WakeUp();
-    sleeping_tasks[i]->WaitUntilDone();
+  for (int i = 0; i < kParallelismLimit; i++) {
+    sleeping_tasks[i].WakeUp();
+    sleeping_tasks[i].WaitUntilDone();
  }
 }

@@ -3192,8 +3170,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, IteratorCloseWALFile1) {
  SpecialEnv env(Env::Default());
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(2));
  Open();
@@ -3246,8 +3222,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, IteratorCloseWALFile2) {
  env.SetBackgroundThreads(2, Env::HIGH);
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(2));
  Open();
@@ -3305,8 +3279,6 @@ TEST_P(ColumnFamilyTest, ForwardIteratorCloseWALFile) {
  env.SetBackgroundThreads(2, Env::HIGH);
  db_options_.env = &env;
  db_options_.max_background_flushes = 1;
-  // When this option is removed, the test will need re-engineering
-  db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals = true;
  column_family_options_.memtable_factory.reset(
      test::NewSpecialSkipListFactory(3));
  column_family_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 2;
@@ -3631,9 +3603,7 @@ TEST(ColumnFamilyTest, ValidateMemtableKVChecksumOption) {
 }

 // Tests the flushing behavior of a column family to retain user-defined
-// timestamp when `persist_user_defined_timestamp` is false. The behavior of
-// auto flush is it makes some effort to retain user-defined timestamps while
-// the behavior of manual flush is that it skips retaining UDTs.
+// timestamp when `persist_user_defined_timestamp` is false.
 class ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyTestBase {
 public:
  ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest() : ColumnFamilyTestBase(kLatestFormatVersion) {}
@@ -3651,27 +3621,6 @@ class ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyTestBase {
    return db_->Put(WriteOptions(), handles_[cf], Slice(key), Slice(ts),
                    Slice(value));
  }
-
-  std::string Get(int cf, const std::string& key, const std::string& read_ts) {
-    ReadOptions ropts;
-    Slice timestamp = read_ts;
-    ropts.timestamp = &timestamp;
-    std::string value;
-    Status s = db_->Get(ropts, handles_[cf], Slice(key), &value);
-    if (s.IsNotFound()) {
-      return "NOT_FOUND";
-    } else if (s.ok()) {
-      return value;
-    }
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  void CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(uint64_t expected_cutoff) {
-    std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
-    EXPECT_OK(
-        db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
-    EXPECT_EQ(EncodeAsUint64(expected_cutoff), effective_full_history_ts_low);
-  }
 };

 class TestTsComparator : public Comparator {
@@ -3715,9 +3664,7 @@ TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, SanityCheck) {
  Close();
 }

-class AutoFlushRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest {};
-
-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3727,22 +3674,28 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, FullHistoryTsLowNotSet) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  // No `full_history_ts_low` explicitly set by user, auto flush is continued
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  // No `full_history_ts_low` explicitly set by user, flush is continued
  // without checking if its UDTs expired.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // After flush, `full_history_ts_low` should be automatically advanced to
  // the effective cutoff timestamp: write_ts + 1
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 2);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3752,22 +3705,27 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, AllKeysExpired) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(3)));
-  // All keys expired w.r.t the configured `full_history_ts_low`, auto flush
-  // continue without the need for a re-schedule.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 3);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
+  // All keys expired w.r.t the configured `full_history_ts_low`, flush continue
+  // without the need for a re-schedule.
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // `full_history_ts_low` stays unchanged after flush.
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(3);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }
-
-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
@@ -3777,303 +3735,72 @@ TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushToAvoidWriteStall) {

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(1)));
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
  ASSERT_OK(db_->SetOptions(handles_[0], {{"max_write_buffer_number", "1"}}));
-  // Not all keys expired, but auto flush is continued without a re-schedule
-  // because of risk of write stall.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
+  // Not all keys expired, but flush is continued without a re-schedule because
+  // of risk of write stall.
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

  // After flush, `full_history_ts_low` should be automatically advanced to
  // the effective cutoff timestamp: write_ts + 1
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+
+  cutoff_ts.clear();
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_F(AutoFlushRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushRescheduled) {
-  std::atomic<int> local_counter{1};
+TEST_F(ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest, NotAllKeysExpiredFlushRescheduled) {
+  std::string cutoff_ts;
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::AfterRetainUDTReschedule:cb", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        // Increasing full_history_ts_low so all keys expired after the initial
        // FlushRequest is rescheduled
-        ASSERT_OK(
-            db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(3)));
+        cutoff_ts.clear();
+        PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 3);
+        ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
        auto reschedule_count = *static_cast<int*>(arg);
        ASSERT_EQ(2, reschedule_count);
-        local_counter.fetch_add(1);
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(1)));
+  std::string write_ts;
+  PutFixed64(&write_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", write_ts, "v1"));
+  PutFixed64(&cutoff_ts, 1);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], cutoff_ts));
  // Not all keys expired, and there is no risk of write stall. Flush is
  // rescheduled. The actual flush happens after `full_history_ts_low` is
  // increased to mark all keys expired.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
-  // Make sure callback is not skipped.
-  ASSERT_EQ(2, local_counter);
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));

-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(3);
+  std::string effective_full_history_ts_low;
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->GetFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], &effective_full_history_ts_low));
+  // `full_history_ts_low` stays unchanged.
+  ASSERT_EQ(cutoff_ts, effective_full_history_ts_low);
  Close();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-class ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest : public ColumnFamilyRetainUDTTest {
- public:
-  // Write an entry with timestamp that is not expired w.r.t cutoff timestamp,
-  // and make sure automatic flush would be rescheduled to retain UDT.
-  void CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(uint64_t write_ts) {
-    std::atomic<int> local_counter{1};
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-        "DBImpl::AfterRetainUDTReschedule:cb", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
-          // Increasing full_history_ts_low so all keys expired after the
-          // initial FlushRequest is rescheduled
-          ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(
-              handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(write_ts + 1)));
-        });
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-        "DBImpl::BackgroundFlush:CheckFlushRequest:cb", [&](void* arg) {
-          ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arg);
-          auto reschedule_count = *static_cast<int*>(arg);
-          ASSERT_EQ(2, reschedule_count);
-          local_counter.fetch_add(1);
-        });
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-    EXPECT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(write_ts),
-                  "foo" + std::to_string(write_ts)));
-    EXPECT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-    EXPECT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable());
-    // Make sure callback is not skipped.
-    EXPECT_EQ(2, local_counter);
-
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-  }
-};
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ManualFlush) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  // Manual flush proceeds without trying to retain UDT.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, FlushRemovesStaleEntries) {
-  column_family_options_.max_write_buffer_number = 4;
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = db_->DefaultColumnFamily();
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd =
-      static_cast_with_check<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl>(cfh)->cfd();
-  for (int version = 0; version < 100; version++) {
-    if (version == 50) {
-      ASSERT_OK(static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_)->TEST_SwitchMemtable(cfd));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(
-        Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(version), "v" + std::to_string(version)));
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  TablePropertiesCollection tables_properties;
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->GetPropertiesOfAllTables(&tables_properties));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, tables_properties.size());
-  std::shared_ptr<const TableProperties> table_properties =
-      tables_properties.begin()->second;
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, table_properties->num_entries);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, table_properties->num_deletions);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, table_properties->num_range_deletions);
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(100);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(101);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, RangeDeletionFlushRemovesStaleEntries) {
-  column_family_options_.max_write_buffer_number = 4;
-  Open();
-  // TODO(yuzhangyu): a non 0 full history ts low is needed for this garbage
-  // collection to kick in. This doesn't work well for the very first flush of
-  // the column family. Not a big issue, but would be nice to improve this.
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(9)));
-
-  for (int i = 10; i < 100; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo" + std::to_string(i), EncodeAsUint64(i),
-                  "val" + std::to_string(i)));
-    if (i % 2 == 1) {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->DeleteRange(WriteOptions(), "foo" + std::to_string(i - 1),
-                                 "foo" + std::to_string(i), EncodeAsUint64(i)));
-    }
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(100);
-  std::string read_ts = EncodeAsUint64(100);
-  std::string min_ts = EncodeAsUint64(0);
-  ReadOptions ropts;
-  Slice read_ts_slice = read_ts;
-  std::string value;
-  ropts.timestamp = &read_ts_slice;
-  {
-    Iterator* iter = db_->NewIterator(ropts);
-    iter->SeekToFirst();
-    int i = 11;
-    while (iter->Valid()) {
-      ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-      ASSERT_EQ("foo" + std::to_string(i), iter->key());
-      ASSERT_EQ("val" + std::to_string(i), iter->value());
-      ASSERT_EQ(min_ts, iter->timestamp());
-      iter->Next();
-      i += 2;
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    delete iter;
-  }
-  TablePropertiesCollection tables_properties;
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->GetPropertiesOfAllTables(&tables_properties));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, tables_properties.size());
-  std::shared_ptr<const TableProperties> table_properties =
-      tables_properties.begin()->second;
-  // 45 point data + 45 range deletions. 45 obsolete point data are garbage
-  // collected.
-  ASSERT_EQ(90, table_properties->num_entries);
-  ASSERT_EQ(45, table_properties->num_deletions);
-  ASSERT_EQ(45, table_properties->num_range_deletions);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ManualCompaction) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  // Manual compaction proceeds without trying to retain UDT.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(
-      db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[0], nullptr, nullptr));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, BulkLoading) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-
-  // Test flush behavior in bulk loading scenarios.
-  Options options(db_options_, column_family_options_);
-  std::string sst_files_dir = dbname_ + "/sst_files/";
-  ASSERT_OK(DestroyDir(env_, sst_files_dir));
-  ASSERT_OK(env_->CreateDir(sst_files_dir));
-  SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options);
-  std::string file1 = sst_files_dir + "file1.sst";
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file1));
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Put("foo", EncodeAsUint64(0), "v2"));
-  ExternalSstFileInfo file1_info;
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file1_info));
-
-  // Bulk loading in UDT mode doesn't support external file key range overlap
-  // with DB key range.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(db_->IngestExternalFile({file1}, IngestExternalFileOptions())
-                  .IsInvalidArgument());
-
-  std::string file2 = sst_files_dir + "file2.sst";
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file2));
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Put("bar", EncodeAsUint64(0), "val"));
-  ExternalSstFileInfo file2_info;
-  ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Finish(&file2_info));
-  // A successful bulk loading, and it doesn't trigger any flush. As a result
-  // the effective cutoff timestamp is also unchanged.
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IngestExternalFile({file2}, IngestExternalFileOptions()));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1)), "v1");
-  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "bar", EncodeAsUint64(0)), "val");
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(0);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(1);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, AutomaticFlushQueued) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", EncodeAsUint64(1), "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_SwitchWAL());
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(0);
-
-  // Default `max_write_buffer_number=2` used, writing another memtable can get
-  // automatic flush to proceed because of memory pressure. Not doing that so
-  // we can test automatic flush gets to proceed because of an ongoing manual
-  // flush attempt.
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(2);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(3);
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ManualFlushSkipRetainUDTTest, ConcurrentManualFlushes) {
-  Open();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(handles_[0], EncodeAsUint64(0)));
-
-  std::vector<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::Thread> manual_flush_tds;
-  std::atomic<int> next_ts{0};
-  std::mutex mtx;
-  std::condition_variable cv;
-
-  auto manual_flush = [&](int write_ts) {
-    {
-      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
-      cv.wait(lock,
-              [&write_ts, &next_ts] { return write_ts == next_ts.load(); });
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo" + std::to_string(write_ts),
-                    EncodeAsUint64(write_ts),
-                    "val_" + std::to_string(write_ts)));
-      next_ts.fetch_add(1);
-      cv.notify_all();
-    }
-    if (write_ts % 2 == 0) {
-      ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
-    } else {
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[0], nullptr,
-                                  nullptr));
-    }
-  };
-
-  for (int write_ts = 0; write_ts < 10; write_ts++) {
-    manual_flush_tds.emplace_back(manual_flush, write_ts);
-  }
-
-  for (auto& td : manual_flush_tds) {
-    td.join();
-  }
-
-  CheckEffectiveCutoffTime(10);
-  CheckAutomaticFlushRetainUDT(11);
-  Close();
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -441,50 +441,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactFilesTest, SentinelCompressionType) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(CompactFilesTest, CompressionWithBlockAlign) {
-  Options options;
-  options.compression = CompressionType::kNoCompression;
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<FlushedFileCollector> collector =
-      std::make_shared<FlushedFileCollector>();
-  options.listeners.push_back(collector);
-
-  {
-    BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
-    bbto.block_align = true;
-    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<DB> db;
-  {
-    DB* _db = nullptr;
-    ASSERT_OK(DB::Open(options, db_name_, &_db));
-    db.reset(_db);
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(db->Put(WriteOptions(), "key", "val"));
-  ASSERT_OK(db->Flush(FlushOptions()));
-
-  // Ensure background work is fully finished including listener callbacks
-  // before accessing listener state.
-  ASSERT_OK(
-      static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db.get())->TEST_WaitForBackgroundWork());
-  auto l0_files = collector->GetFlushedFiles();
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, l0_files.size());
-
-  // We can run this test even without Snappy support because we expect the
-  // `CompactFiles()` to fail before actually invoking Snappy compression.
-  CompactionOptions compaction_opts;
-  compaction_opts.compression = CompressionType::kSnappyCompression;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(db->CompactFiles(compaction_opts, l0_files, 1 /* output_level */)
-                  .IsInvalidArgument());
-
-  compaction_opts.compression = CompressionType::kDisableCompressionOption;
-  ASSERT_OK(db->CompactFiles(compaction_opts, l0_files, 1 /* output_level */));
-}
-
 TEST_F(CompactFilesTest, GetCompactionJobInfo) {
  Options options;
  options.create_if_missing = true;
@@ -63,9 +63,7 @@ uint64_t TotalFileSize(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files) {
  return sum;
 }

-// TODO(hx235): consider making this function part of the construction so we
-// don't forget to call it
-void Compaction::FinalizeInputInfo(Version* _input_version) {
+void Compaction::SetInputVersion(Version* _input_version) {
  input_version_ = _input_version;
  cfd_ = input_version_->cfd();

@@ -283,10 +281,9 @@ Compaction::Compaction(
    uint32_t _output_path_id, CompressionType _compression,
    CompressionOptions _compression_opts, Temperature _output_temperature,
    uint32_t _max_subcompactions, std::vector<FileMetaData*> _grandparents,
-    std::optional<SequenceNumber> _earliest_snapshot,
-    const SnapshotChecker* _snapshot_checker, bool _manual_compaction,
-    const std::string& _trim_ts, double _score, bool _deletion_compaction,
-    bool l0_files_might_overlap, CompactionReason _compaction_reason,
+    bool _manual_compaction, const std::string& _trim_ts, double _score,
+    bool _deletion_compaction, bool l0_files_might_overlap,
+    CompactionReason _compaction_reason,
    BlobGarbageCollectionPolicy _blob_garbage_collection_policy,
    double _blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff)
    : input_vstorage_(vstorage),
@@ -308,8 +305,6 @@ Compaction::Compaction(
      l0_files_might_overlap_(l0_files_might_overlap),
      inputs_(PopulateWithAtomicBoundaries(vstorage, std::move(_inputs))),
      grandparents_(std::move(_grandparents)),
-      earliest_snapshot_(_earliest_snapshot),
-      snapshot_checker_(_snapshot_checker),
      score_(_score),
      bottommost_level_(
          // For simplicity, we don't support the concept of "bottommost level"
@@ -345,9 +340,8 @@ Compaction::Compaction(
          _compaction_reason == CompactionReason::kExternalSstIngestion ||
                  _compaction_reason == CompactionReason::kRefitLevel
              ? Compaction::kInvalidLevel
-              : EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, mutable_cf_options_,
-                                         immutable_options_, start_level_,
-                                         output_level_)) {
+              : EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, immutable_options_,
+                                         start_level_, output_level_)) {
  MarkFilesBeingCompacted(true);
  if (is_manual_compaction_) {
    compaction_reason_ = CompactionReason::kManualCompaction;
@@ -368,17 +362,12 @@ Compaction::Compaction(
  }
 #endif

-  // setup input_levels_ and filtered_input_levels_
+  // setup input_levels_
  {
    input_levels_.resize(num_input_levels());
-    filtered_input_levels_.resize(num_input_levels());
-    if (earliest_snapshot_.has_value()) {
-      FilterInputsForCompactionIterator();
-    } else {
-      for (size_t which = 0; which < num_input_levels(); which++) {
-        DoGenerateLevelFilesBrief(&input_levels_[which], inputs_[which].files,
-                                  &arena_);
-      }
+    for (size_t which = 0; which < num_input_levels(); which++) {
+      DoGenerateLevelFilesBrief(&input_levels_[which], inputs_[which].files,
+                                &arena_);
    }
  }

@@ -695,11 +684,12 @@ bool Compaction::KeyRangeNotExistsBeyondOutputLevel(
 };

 // Mark (or clear) each file that is being compacted
-void Compaction::MarkFilesBeingCompacted(bool being_compacted) const {
+void Compaction::MarkFilesBeingCompacted(bool mark_as_compacted) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_input_levels(); i++) {
    for (size_t j = 0; j < inputs_[i].size(); j++) {
-      assert(being_compacted != inputs_[i][j]->being_compacted);
-      inputs_[i][j]->being_compacted = being_compacted;
+      assert(mark_as_compacted ? !inputs_[i][j]->being_compacted
+                               : inputs_[i][j]->being_compacted);
+      inputs_[i][j]->being_compacted = mark_as_compacted;
    }
  }
 }
@@ -743,7 +733,7 @@ uint64_t Compaction::CalculateTotalInputSize() const {
  return size;
 }

-void Compaction::ReleaseCompactionFiles(const Status& status) {
+void Compaction::ReleaseCompactionFiles(Status status) {
  MarkFilesBeingCompacted(false);
  cfd_->compaction_picker()->ReleaseCompactionFiles(this, status);
 }
@@ -754,10 +744,8 @@ void Compaction::ResetNextCompactionIndex() {
 }

 namespace {
-int InputSummary(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files,
-                 const std::vector<bool>& files_filtered, char* output,
+int InputSummary(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files, char* output,
                 int len) {
-  assert(files_filtered.empty() || (files.size() == files_filtered.size()));
  *output = '\0';
  int write = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
@@ -765,14 +753,8 @@ int InputSummary(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files,
    int ret;
    char sztxt[16];
    AppendHumanBytes(files.at(i)->fd.GetFileSize(), sztxt, 16);
-    if (files_filtered.empty()) {
-      ret = snprintf(output + write, sz, "%" PRIu64 "(%s) ",
-                     files.at(i)->fd.GetNumber(), sztxt);
-    } else {
-      ret = snprintf(output + write, sz, "%" PRIu64 "(%s filtered:%s) ",
-                     files.at(i)->fd.GetNumber(), sztxt,
-                     files_filtered.at(i) ? "true" : "false");
-    }
+    ret = snprintf(output + write, sz, "%" PRIu64 "(%s) ",
+                   files.at(i)->fd.GetNumber(), sztxt);
    if (ret < 0 || ret >= sz) {
      break;
    }
@@ -798,15 +780,8 @@ void Compaction::Summary(char* output, int len) {
        return;
      }
    }
-
-    assert(non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.empty() ||
-           non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.size() == inputs_.size() - 1);
-    write += InputSummary(
-        inputs_[level_iter].files,
-        (level_iter == 0 || non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.empty())
-            ? std::vector<bool>{}
-            : non_start_level_input_files_filtered_[level_iter - 1],
-        output + write, len - write);
+    write +=
+        InputSummary(inputs_[level_iter].files, output + write, len - write);
    if (write < 0 || write >= len) {
      return;
    }
@@ -889,11 +864,6 @@ bool Compaction::ShouldFormSubcompactions() const {
    return false;
  }

-  if (mutable_cf_options_.table_factory->Name() ==
-      TableFactory::kPlainTableName()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
  // Round-Robin pri under leveled compaction allows subcompactions by default
  // and the number of subcompactions can be larger than max_subcompactions_
  if (cfd_->ioptions()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
@@ -937,25 +907,6 @@ bool Compaction::DoesInputReferenceBlobFiles() const {
  return false;
 }

-uint64_t Compaction::MaxInputFileNewestKeyTime(const InternalKey* start,
-                                               const InternalKey* end) const {
-  uint64_t newest_key_time = kUnknownNewestKeyTime;
-  const InternalKeyComparator& icmp =
-      column_family_data()->internal_comparator();
-  for (const auto& level_files : inputs_) {
-    for (const auto& file : level_files.files) {
-      if (start != nullptr && icmp.Compare(file->largest, *start) < 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (end != nullptr && icmp.Compare(file->smallest, *end) > 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      newest_key_time = std::max(newest_key_time, file->TryGetNewestKeyTime());
-    }
-  }
-  return newest_key_time;
-}
-
 uint64_t Compaction::MinInputFileOldestAncesterTime(
    const InternalKey* start, const InternalKey* end) const {
  uint64_t min_oldest_ancester_time = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
@@ -991,7 +942,6 @@ uint64_t Compaction::MinInputFileEpochNumber() const {

 int Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
    const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-    const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
    const ImmutableOptions& immutable_options, const int start_level,
    const int output_level) {
  // TODO: currently per_key_placement feature only support level and universal
@@ -1023,7 +973,7 @@ int Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
  }

  bool supports_per_key_placement =
-      mutable_cf_options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0;
+      immutable_options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0;

  // it could be overridden by unittest
  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("Compaction::SupportsPerKeyPlacement:Enabled",
@@ -1035,70 +985,4 @@ int Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
  return penultimate_level;
 }

-void Compaction::FilterInputsForCompactionIterator() {
-  assert(earliest_snapshot_.has_value());
-  // cfd_ is not populated at Compaction construction time, get it from
-  // VersionStorageInfo instead.
-  assert(input_vstorage_);
-  const auto* ucmp = input_vstorage_->user_comparator();
-  assert(ucmp);
-  // Simply comparing file boundaries when user-defined timestamp is defined
-  // is not as safe because we need to also compare timestamp to know for
-  // sure. Although entries with higher timestamp is also supposed to have
-  // higher sequence number for the same user key (without timestamp).
-  assert(ucmp->timestamp_size() == 0);
-  size_t num_input_levels = inputs_.size();
-  // TODO(yuzhangyu): filtering of older L0 file by new L0 file is not
-  // supported yet.
-  FileMetaData* rangedel_candidate = inputs_[0].level == 0
-                                         ? inputs_[0].files.back()
-                                         : inputs_[0].files.front();
-  assert(rangedel_candidate);
-  if (!rangedel_candidate->FileIsStandAloneRangeTombstone() ||
-      !DataIsDefinitelyInSnapshot(rangedel_candidate->fd.smallest_seqno,
-                                  earliest_snapshot_.value(),
-                                  snapshot_checker_)) {
-    for (size_t level = 0; level < num_input_levels; level++) {
-      DoGenerateLevelFilesBrief(&input_levels_[level], inputs_[level].files,
-                                &arena_);
-    }
-    return;
-  }
-
-  Slice rangedel_start_ukey = rangedel_candidate->smallest.user_key();
-  Slice rangedel_end_ukey = rangedel_candidate->largest.user_key();
-  SequenceNumber rangedel_seqno = rangedel_candidate->fd.smallest_seqno;
-
-  std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData*>> non_start_level_input_files;
-  non_start_level_input_files.reserve(num_input_levels - 1);
-  non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.reserve(num_input_levels - 1);
-  for (size_t level = 1; level < num_input_levels; level++) {
-    non_start_level_input_files.emplace_back();
-    non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.emplace_back();
-    for (FileMetaData* file : inputs_[level].files) {
-      non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.back().push_back(false);
-      // When range data and point data has the same sequence number, point
-      // data wins. Range deletion end key is exclusive, so check it's bigger
-      // than file right boundary user key.
-      if (rangedel_seqno > file->fd.largest_seqno &&
-          ucmp->CompareWithoutTimestamp(rangedel_start_ukey,
-                                        file->smallest.user_key()) <= 0 &&
-          ucmp->CompareWithoutTimestamp(rangedel_end_ukey,
-                                        file->largest.user_key()) > 0) {
-        non_start_level_input_files_filtered_.back().back() = true;
-        filtered_input_levels_[level].push_back(file);
-      } else {
-        non_start_level_input_files.back().push_back(file);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  DoGenerateLevelFilesBrief(&input_levels_[0], inputs_[0].files, &arena_);
-  assert(non_start_level_input_files.size() == num_input_levels - 1);
-  for (size_t level = 1; level < num_input_levels; level++) {
-    DoGenerateLevelFilesBrief(&input_levels_[level],
-                              non_start_level_input_files[level - 1], &arena_);
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

 #pragma once
-
-#include "db/snapshot_checker.h"
 #include "db/version_set.h"
 #include "memory/arena.h"
 #include "options/cf_options.h"
@@ -92,8 +90,6 @@ class Compaction {
             CompressionOptions compression_opts,
             Temperature output_temperature, uint32_t max_subcompactions,
             std::vector<FileMetaData*> grandparents,
-             std::optional<SequenceNumber> earliest_snapshot,
-             const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
             bool manual_compaction = false, const std::string& trim_ts = "",
             double score = -1, bool deletion_compaction = false,
             bool l0_files_might_overlap = true,
@@ -184,16 +180,6 @@ class Compaction {
    return &input_levels_[compaction_input_level];
  }

-  // Returns the filtered input files of the specified compaction input level.
-  // For now, only non start level is filtered.
-  const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& filtered_input_levels(
-      size_t compaction_input_level) const {
-    const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& filtered_input_level =
-        filtered_input_levels_[compaction_input_level];
-    assert(compaction_input_level != 0 || filtered_input_level.size() == 0);
-    return filtered_input_level;
-  }
-
  // Maximum size of files to build during this compaction.
  uint64_t max_output_file_size() const { return max_output_file_size_; }

@@ -244,7 +230,7 @@ class Compaction {
  // Delete this compaction from the list of running compactions.
  //
  // Requirement: DB mutex held
-  void ReleaseCompactionFiles(const Status& status);
+  void ReleaseCompactionFiles(Status status);

  // Returns the summary of the compaction in "output" with maximum "len"
  // in bytes.  The caller is responsible for the memory management of
@@ -303,7 +289,14 @@ class Compaction {
  // is the sum of all input file sizes.
  uint64_t OutputFilePreallocationSize() const;

-  void FinalizeInputInfo(Version* input_version);
+  // TODO(hx235): eventually we should consider `InitInputTableProperties()`'s
+  // status and fail the compaction if needed
+  // TODO(hx235): consider making this function part of the construction so we
+  // don't forget to call it
+  void FinalizeInputInfo(Version* input_version) {
+    SetInputVersion(input_version);
+    InitInputTableProperties().PermitUncheckedError();
+  }

  struct InputLevelSummaryBuffer {
    char buffer[128];
@@ -340,16 +333,6 @@ class Compaction {
      int output_level, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
      const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>& inputs);

-  // TODO(hx235): eventually we should consider `InitInputTableProperties()`'s
-  // status and fail the compaction if needed
-  //
-  // May open and read table files for table property.
-  // Should not be called while holding mutex_.
-  const TablePropertiesCollection& GetOrInitInputTableProperties() {
-    InitInputTableProperties().PermitUncheckedError();
-    return input_table_properties_;
-  }
-
  const TablePropertiesCollection& GetInputTableProperties() const {
    return input_table_properties_;
  }
@@ -415,12 +398,6 @@ class Compaction {
    return blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff_;
  }

-  // start and end are sub compact range. Null if no boundary.
-  // This is used to calculate the newest_key_time table property after
-  // compaction.
-  uint64_t MaxInputFileNewestKeyTime(const InternalKey* start,
-                                     const InternalKey* end) const;
-
  // start and end are sub compact range. Null if no boundary.
  // This is used to filter out some input files' ancester's time range.
  uint64_t MinInputFileOldestAncesterTime(const InternalKey* start,
@@ -450,19 +427,19 @@ class Compaction {
  // penultimate level. The safe key range is populated by
  // `PopulatePenultimateLevelOutputRange()`.
  // Which could potentially disable all penultimate level output.
-  static int EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-      const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-      const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const ImmutableOptions& immutable_options, const int start_level,
-      const int output_level);
-
-  // mark (or clear) all files that are being compacted
-  void MarkFilesBeingCompacted(bool being_compacted) const;
+  static int EvaluatePenultimateLevel(const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+                                      const ImmutableOptions& immutable_options,
+                                      const int start_level,
+                                      const int output_level);

 private:
+  void SetInputVersion(Version* input_version);

  Status InitInputTableProperties();

+  // mark (or clear) all files that are being compacted
+  void MarkFilesBeingCompacted(bool mark_as_compacted);
+
  // get the smallest and largest key present in files to be compacted
  static void GetBoundaryKeys(VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
                              const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>& inputs,
@@ -481,13 +458,6 @@ class Compaction {
  // `Compaction::WithinPenultimateLevelOutputRange()`.
  void PopulatePenultimateLevelOutputRange();

-  // If oldest snapshot is specified at Compaction construction time, we have
-  // an opportunity to optimize inputs for compaction iterator for this case:
-  // When a standalone range deletion file on the start level is recognized and
-  // can be determined to completely shadow some input files on non-start level.
-  // These files will be filtered out and later not feed to compaction iterator.
-  void FilterInputsForCompactionIterator();
-
  // Get the atomic file boundaries for all files in the compaction. Necessary
  // in order to avoid the scenario described in
  // https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/4432#discussion_r221072219 and
@@ -538,30 +508,12 @@ class Compaction {
  // Compaction input files organized by level. Constant after construction
  const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles> inputs_;

-  // All files from inputs_ that are not filtered and will be fed to compaction
-  // iterator, organized more closely in memory.
+  // A copy of inputs_, organized more closely in memory
  autovector<LevelFilesBrief, 2> input_levels_;

  // State used to check for number of overlapping grandparent files
  // (grandparent == "output_level_ + 1")
  std::vector<FileMetaData*> grandparents_;
-
-  // The earliest snapshot and snapshot checker at compaction picking time.
-  // These fields are only set for deletion triggered compactions picked in
-  // universal compaction. And when user-defined timestamp is not enabled.
-  // It will be used to possibly filter out some non start level input files.
-  std::optional<SequenceNumber> earliest_snapshot_;
-  const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker_;
-
-  // Markers for which non start level input files are filtered out if
-  // applicable. Only applicable if earliest_snapshot_ is provided and input
-  // start level has a standalone range deletion file. Filtered files are
-  // tracked in `filtered_input_levels_`.
-  std::vector<std::vector<bool>> non_start_level_input_files_filtered_;
-
-  // All files from inputs_ that are filtered.
-  std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData*>> filtered_input_levels_;
-
  const double score_;  // score that was used to pick this compaction.

  // Is this compaction creating a file in the bottom most level?
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
    SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-    SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    const SequenceNumber preserve_time_min_seqno,
    const SequenceNumber preclude_last_level_min_seqno)
    : CompactionIterator(
-          input, cmp, merge_helper, last_sequence, snapshots, earliest_snapshot,
+          input, cmp, merge_helper, last_sequence, snapshots,
          earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, job_snapshot, snapshot_checker, env,
          report_detailed_time, expect_valid_internal_key, range_del_agg,
          blob_file_builder, allow_data_in_errors, enforce_single_del_contracts,
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
 CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
    InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
    SequenceNumber /*last_sequence*/, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-    SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
    SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
    Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -93,7 +91,9 @@ CompactionIterator::CompactionIterator(
      // snapshots_ cannot be nullptr, but we will assert later in the body of
      // the constructor.
      visible_at_tip_(snapshots_ ? snapshots_->empty() : false),
-      earliest_snapshot_(earliest_snapshot),
+      earliest_snapshot_(!snapshots_ || snapshots_->empty()
+                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
+                             : snapshots_->at(0)),
      info_log_(info_log),
      allow_data_in_errors_(allow_data_in_errors),
      enforce_single_del_contracts_(enforce_single_del_contracts),
@@ -997,37 +997,25 @@ void CompactionIterator::NextFromInput() {
      // A special case involving range deletion is handled separately below.
      auto [unpacked_value, preferred_seqno] =
          ParsePackedValueWithSeqno(value_);
-      assert(preferred_seqno < ikey_.sequence || ikey_.sequence == 0);
+      assert(preferred_seqno < ikey_.sequence);
+      InternalKey ikey_after_swap(ikey_.user_key, preferred_seqno, kTypeValue);
+      Slice ikey_after_swap_slice(*ikey_after_swap.rep());
      if (range_del_agg_->ShouldDelete(
-              key_, RangeDelPositioningMode::kForwardTraversal)) {
-        ++iter_stats_.num_record_drop_hidden;
-        ++iter_stats_.num_record_drop_range_del;
-        AdvanceInputIter();
+              ikey_after_swap_slice,
+              RangeDelPositioningMode::kForwardTraversal)) {
+        // A range tombstone that doesn't cover this kTypeValuePreferredSeqno
+        // entry may end up covering the entry, so it's not safe to swap
+        // preferred sequence number. In this case, we output the entry as is.
+        validity_info_.SetValid(ValidContext::kNewUserKey);
      } else {
-        InternalKey ikey_after_swap(ikey_.user_key,
-                                    std::min(preferred_seqno, ikey_.sequence),
-                                    kTypeValue);
-        Slice ikey_after_swap_slice(*ikey_after_swap.rep());
-        if (range_del_agg_->ShouldDelete(
-                ikey_after_swap_slice,
-                RangeDelPositioningMode::kForwardTraversal)) {
-          // A range tombstone that doesn't cover this kTypeValuePreferredSeqno
-          // entry will end up covering the entry, so it's not safe to swap
-          // preferred sequence number. In this case, we output the entry as is.
-          validity_info_.SetValid(ValidContext::kNewUserKey);
-        } else {
-          if (ikey_.sequence != 0) {
-            iter_stats_.num_timed_put_swap_preferred_seqno++;
-            saved_seq_for_penul_check_ = ikey_.sequence;
-            ikey_.sequence = preferred_seqno;
-          }
-          ikey_.type = kTypeValue;
-          current_key_.UpdateInternalKey(ikey_.sequence, ikey_.type);
-          key_ = current_key_.GetInternalKey();
-          ikey_.user_key = current_key_.GetUserKey();
-          value_ = unpacked_value;
-          validity_info_.SetValid(ValidContext::kSwapPreferredSeqno);
-        }
+        iter_stats_.num_timed_put_swap_preferred_seqno++;
+        ikey_.sequence = preferred_seqno;
+        ikey_.type = kTypeValue;
+        current_key_.UpdateInternalKey(ikey_.sequence, ikey_.type);
+        key_ = current_key_.GetInternalKey();
+        ikey_.user_key = current_key_.GetUserKey();
+        value_ = unpacked_value;
+        validity_info_.SetValid(ValidContext::kSwapPreferredSeqno);
      }
    } else if (ikey_.type == kTypeMerge) {
      if (!merge_helper_->HasOperator()) {
@@ -1280,21 +1268,6 @@ void CompactionIterator::DecideOutputLevel() {
  }
 #endif  // NDEBUG

-  // saved_seq_for_penul_check_ is populated in `NextFromInput` when the
-  // entry's sequence number is non zero and validity context for output this
-  // entry is kSwapPreferredSeqno for use in `DecideOutputLevel`. It should be
-  // cleared out here unconditionally. Otherwise, it may end up getting consumed
-  // incorrectly by a different entry.
-  SequenceNumber seq_for_range_check =
-      (saved_seq_for_penul_check_.has_value() &&
-       saved_seq_for_penul_check_.value() != kMaxSequenceNumber)
-          ? saved_seq_for_penul_check_.value()
-          : ikey_.sequence;
-  saved_seq_for_penul_check_ = std::nullopt;
-  ParsedInternalKey ikey_for_range_check = ikey_;
-  if (seq_for_range_check != ikey_.sequence) {
-    ikey_for_range_check.sequence = seq_for_range_check;
-  }
  if (output_to_penultimate_level_) {
    // If it's decided to output to the penultimate level, but unsafe to do so,
    // still output to the last level. For example, moving the data from a lower
@@ -1303,7 +1276,7 @@ void CompactionIterator::DecideOutputLevel() {
    // not from this compaction.
    // TODO: add statistic for declined output_to_penultimate_level
    bool safe_to_penultimate_level =
-        compaction_->WithinPenultimateLevelOutputRange(ikey_for_range_check);
+        compaction_->WithinPenultimateLevelOutputRange(ikey_);
    if (!safe_to_penultimate_level) {
      output_to_penultimate_level_ = false;
      // It could happen when disable/enable `last_level_temperature` while
@@ -1315,7 +1288,7 @@ void CompactionIterator::DecideOutputLevel() {
      // snapshot is released before enabling `last_level_temperature` feature
      // We will migrate the feature to `last_level_temperature` and maybe make
      // it not dynamically changeable.
-      if (seq_for_range_check > earliest_snapshot_) {
+      if (ikey_.sequence > earliest_snapshot_) {
        status_ = Status::Corruption(
            "Unsafe to store Seq later than snapshot in the last level if "
            "per_key_placement is enabled");
@@ -203,7 +203,6 @@ class CompactionIterator {
  CompactionIterator(
      InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
      SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
      Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -223,7 +222,6 @@ class CompactionIterator {
  CompactionIterator(
      InternalIterator* input, const Comparator* cmp, MergeHelper* merge_helper,
      SequenceNumber last_sequence, std::vector<SequenceNumber>* snapshots,
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
      SequenceNumber job_snapshot, const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker,
      Env* env, bool report_detailed_time, bool expect_valid_internal_key,
@@ -439,17 +437,6 @@ class CompactionIterator {
  // iterator output (or current key in the underlying iterator during
  // NextFromInput()).
  ParsedInternalKey ikey_;
-
-  // When a kTypeValuePreferredSeqno entry's preferred seqno is safely swapped
-  // in in this compaction, this field saves its original sequence number for
-  // range checking whether it's safe to be placed on the penultimate level.
-  // This is to ensure when such an entry happens to be the right boundary of
-  // penultimate safe range, it won't get excluded because with the preferred
-  // seqno swapped in, it's now larger than the right boundary (itself before
-  // the swap). This is safe to do, because preferred seqno is swapped in only
-  // when no entries with the same user key exist on lower levels and this entry
-  // is already visible in the earliest snapshot.
-  std::optional<SequenceNumber> saved_seq_for_penul_check_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;
  // Stores whether ikey_.user_key is valid. If set to false, the user key is
  // not compared against the current key in the underlying iterator.
  bool has_current_user_key_ = false;
@@ -540,12 +527,18 @@ class CompactionIterator {

 inline bool CompactionIterator::DefinitelyInSnapshot(SequenceNumber seq,
                                                     SequenceNumber snapshot) {
-  return DataIsDefinitelyInSnapshot(seq, snapshot, snapshot_checker_);
+  return ((seq) <= (snapshot) &&
+          (snapshot_checker_ == nullptr ||
+           LIKELY(snapshot_checker_->CheckInSnapshot((seq), (snapshot)) ==
+                  SnapshotCheckerResult::kInSnapshot)));
 }

 inline bool CompactionIterator::DefinitelyNotInSnapshot(
    SequenceNumber seq, SequenceNumber snapshot) {
-  return DataIsDefinitelyNotInSnapshot(seq, snapshot, snapshot_checker_);
+  return ((seq) > (snapshot) ||
+          (snapshot_checker_ != nullptr &&
+           UNLIKELY(snapshot_checker_->CheckInSnapshot((seq), (snapshot)) ==
+                    SnapshotCheckerResult::kNotInSnapshot)));
 }

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -296,7 +296,6 @@ class CompactionIteratorTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
    iter_->SeekToFirst();
    c_iter_.reset(new CompactionIterator(
        iter_.get(), cmp_, merge_helper_.get(), last_sequence, &snapshots_,
-        snapshots_.empty() ? kMaxSequenceNumber : snapshots_.at(0),
        earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
        snapshot_checker_.get(), Env::Default(),
        false /* report_detailed_time */, false, range_del_agg_.get(),
@@ -1261,28 +1260,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionIteratorWithSnapshotCheckerTest,
          false /*key_not_exists_beyond_output_level*/);
 }

-TEST_F(CompactionIteratorWithSnapshotCheckerTest,
-       TimedPut_ShouldBeCoverredByRangeDeletionBeforeSwap_NoOutput) {
-  InitIterators({test::KeyStr("morning", 5, kTypeValuePreferredSeqno),
-                 test::KeyStr("morning", 2, kTypeValuePreferredSeqno),
-                 test::KeyStr("night", 6, kTypeValue)},
-                {ValueWithPreferredSeqno("zao", 3),
-                 ValueWithPreferredSeqno("zao", 1), "wan"},
-                {test::KeyStr("ma", 6, kTypeRangeDeletion)}, {"mz"}, 6,
-                kMaxSequenceNumber /*last_committed_sequence*/,
-                nullptr /*merge_op*/, nullptr /*filter*/,
-                false /*bottommost_level*/,
-                kMaxSequenceNumber /*earliest_write_conflict_snapshot*/,
-                true /*key_not_exists_beyond_output_level*/);
-  c_iter_->SeekToFirst();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(c_iter_->Valid());
-  ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("night", 6, kTypeValue), c_iter_->key().ToString());
-  ASSERT_EQ("wan", c_iter_->value().ToString());
-  c_iter_->Next();
-  ASSERT_FALSE(c_iter_->Valid());
-  ASSERT_OK(c_iter_->status());
-}
-
 TEST_F(CompactionIteratorWithSnapshotCheckerTest,
       TimedPut_WillBeHiddenByRangeDeletionAfterSwap_NoSwap) {
  InitIterators({test::KeyStr("morning", 5, kTypeValuePreferredSeqno),
@@ -1339,19 +1316,6 @@ TEST_F(
      true /*key_not_exists_beyond_output_level*/);
 }

-TEST_F(CompactionIteratorWithSnapshotCheckerTest,
-       TimedPut_SequenceNumberAlreadyZeroedOut_ChangeType) {
-  RunTest(
-      {test::KeyStr("bar", 0, kTypeValuePreferredSeqno),
-       test::KeyStr("bar", 0, kTypeValuePreferredSeqno),
-       test::KeyStr("foo", 0, kTypeValue)},
-      {ValueWithPreferredSeqno("bv2", 2), ValueWithPreferredSeqno("bv1", 1),
-       "fv1"},
-      {test::KeyStr("bar", 0, kTypeValue), test::KeyStr("foo", 0, kTypeValue)},
-      {"bv2", "fv1"}, 6 /*last_committed_seq*/, nullptr /*merge_operator*/,
-      nullptr /*compaction_filter*/, true /*bottommost_level*/);
-}
-
 // Compaction filter should keep uncommitted key as-is, and
 //   * Convert the latest value to deletion, and/or
 //   * if latest value is a merge, apply filter to all subsequent merges.
@@ -174,9 +174,6 @@ CompactionJob::CompactionJob(
      db_mutex_(db_mutex),
      db_error_handler_(db_error_handler),
      existing_snapshots_(std::move(existing_snapshots)),
-      earliest_snapshot_(existing_snapshots_.empty()
-                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
-                             : existing_snapshots_.at(0)),
      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_(earliest_write_conflict_snapshot),
      snapshot_checker_(snapshot_checker),
      job_context_(job_context),
@@ -251,13 +248,12 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {

  // Generate file_levels_ for compaction before making Iterator
  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
-  [[maybe_unused]] ColumnFamilyData* cfd = c->column_family_data();
+  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = c->column_family_data();
  assert(cfd != nullptr);
-  const VersionStorageInfo* storage_info = c->input_version()->storage_info();
-  assert(storage_info);
-  assert(storage_info->NumLevelFiles(compact_->compaction->level()) > 0);
+  assert(cfd->current()->storage_info()->NumLevelFiles(
+             compact_->compaction->level()) > 0);

-  write_hint_ = storage_info->CalculateSSTWriteHint(c->output_level());
+  write_hint_ = cfd->CalculateSSTWriteHint(c->output_level());
  bottommost_level_ = c->bottommost_level();

  if (c->ShouldFormSubcompactions()) {
@@ -286,10 +282,9 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {

  // collect all seqno->time information from the input files which will be used
  // to encode seqno->time to the output files.
-
  uint64_t preserve_time_duration =
-      std::max(c->mutable_cf_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-               c->mutable_cf_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds);
+      std::max(c->immutable_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
+               c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds);

  if (preserve_time_duration > 0) {
    const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
@@ -298,8 +293,8 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {
    for (const auto& each_level : *c->inputs()) {
      for (const auto& fmd : each_level.files) {
        std::shared_ptr<const TableProperties> tp;
-        Status s = c->input_version()->GetTableProperties(read_options, &tp,
-                                                          fmd, nullptr);
+        Status s =
+            cfd->current()->GetTableProperties(read_options, &tp, fmd, nullptr);
        if (s.ok()) {
          s = seqno_to_time_mapping_.DecodeFrom(tp->seqno_to_time_mapping);
        }
@@ -324,11 +319,28 @@ void CompactionJob::Prepare() {
      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce();
    } else {
      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce(_current_time);
-      seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-          static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time),
-          c->mutable_cf_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-          c->mutable_cf_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-          &preserve_time_min_seqno_, &preclude_last_level_min_seqno_);
+      uint64_t preserve_time =
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time) > preserve_time_duration
+              ? _current_time - preserve_time_duration
+              : 0;
+      // GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime tells us the last seqno known to have been
+      // written at or before the given time. + 1 to get the minimum we should
+      // preserve without excluding anything that might have been written on or
+      // after the given time.
+      preserve_time_min_seqno_ =
+          seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(preserve_time) + 1;
+      if (c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0) {
+        uint64_t preclude_last_level_time =
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time) >
+                    c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds
+                ? _current_time -
+                      c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds
+                : 0;
+        preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ =
+            seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime(
+                preclude_last_level_time) +
+            1;
+      }
    }
    // For accuracy of the GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime queries above, we only
    // limit the capacity after them.
@@ -469,11 +481,6 @@ void CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries() {
  ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
  read_options.rate_limiter_priority = GetRateLimiterPriority();
  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
-  if (c->mutable_cf_options()->table_factory->Name() ==
-      TableFactory::kPlainTableName()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
  if (c->max_subcompactions() <= 1 &&
      !(c->immutable_options()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
        c->immutable_options()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel)) {
@@ -506,7 +513,9 @@ void CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries() {
        FileMetaData* f = flevel->files[i].file_metadata;
        std::vector<TableReader::Anchor> my_anchors;
        Status s = cfd->table_cache()->ApproximateKeyAnchors(
-            read_options, icomp, *f, *c->mutable_cf_options(), my_anchors);
+            read_options, icomp, *f,
+            c->mutable_cf_options()->block_protection_bytes_per_key,
+            my_anchors);
        if (!s.ok() || my_anchors.empty()) {
          my_anchors.emplace_back(f->largest.user_key(), f->fd.GetFileSize());
        }
@@ -625,7 +634,6 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
  const size_t num_threads = compact_->sub_compact_states.size();
  assert(num_threads > 0);
  const uint64_t start_micros = db_options_.clock->NowMicros();
-  compact_->compaction->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();

  // Launch a thread for each of subcompactions 1...num_threads-1
  std::vector<port::Thread> thread_pool;
@@ -709,6 +717,8 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
      }
    }
    ColumnFamilyData* cfd = compact_->compaction->column_family_data();
+    auto& prefix_extractor =
+        compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()->prefix_extractor;
    std::atomic<size_t> next_file_idx(0);
    auto verify_table = [&](Status& output_status) {
      while (true) {
@@ -729,8 +739,7 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
        InternalIterator* iter = cfd->table_cache()->NewIterator(
            verify_table_read_options, file_options_,
            cfd->internal_comparator(), files_output[file_idx]->meta,
-            /*range_del_agg=*/nullptr,
-            *compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options(),
+            /*range_del_agg=*/nullptr, prefix_extractor,
            /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr,
            cfd->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(
                compact_->compaction->output_level()),
@@ -740,7 +749,9 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
                *compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()),
            /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
            /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-            /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false);
+            /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false,
+            compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()
+                ->block_protection_bytes_per_key);
        auto s = iter->status();

        if (s.ok() && paranoid_file_checks_) {
@@ -801,12 +812,6 @@ Status CompactionJob::Run() {
    }
  }

-  // Before the compaction starts, is_remote_compaction was set to true if
-  // compaction_service is set. We now know whether each sub_compaction was
-  // done remotely or not. Reset is_remote_compaction back to false and allow
-  // AggregateCompactionStats() to set the right value.
-  compaction_job_stats_->is_remote_compaction = false;
-
  // Finish up all bookkeeping to unify the subcompaction results.
  compact_->AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats_, *compaction_job_stats_);
  uint64_t num_input_range_del = 0;
@@ -911,23 +916,19 @@ Status CompactionJob::Install(const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
  ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
      log_buffer_,
      "[%s] compacted to: %s, MB/sec: %.1f rd, %.1f wr, level %d, "
-      "files in(%d, %d) filtered(%d, %d) out(%d +%d blob) "
-      "MB in(%.1f, %.1f +%.1f blob) filtered(%.1f, %.1f) out(%.1f +%.1f blob), "
+      "files in(%d, %d) out(%d +%d blob) "
+      "MB in(%.1f, %.1f +%.1f blob) out(%.1f +%.1f blob), "
      "read-write-amplify(%.1f) write-amplify(%.1f) %s, records in: %" PRIu64
      ", records dropped: %" PRIu64 " output_compression: %s\n",
      column_family_name.c_str(), vstorage->LevelSummary(&tmp),
      bytes_read_per_sec, bytes_written_per_sec,
      compact_->compaction->output_level(),
      stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels,
-      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level,
-      stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_non_output_levels,
-      stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_output_level, stats.num_output_files,
+      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level, stats.num_output_files,
      stats.num_output_files_blob, stats.bytes_read_non_output_levels / kMB,
      stats.bytes_read_output_level / kMB, stats.bytes_read_blob / kMB,
-      stats.bytes_skipped_non_output_levels / kMB,
-      stats.bytes_skipped_output_level / kMB, stats.bytes_written / kMB,
-      stats.bytes_written_blob / kMB, read_write_amp, write_amp,
-      status.ToString().c_str(), stats.num_input_records,
+      stats.bytes_written / kMB, stats.bytes_written_blob / kMB, read_write_amp,
+      write_amp, status.ToString().c_str(), stats.num_input_records,
      stats.num_dropped_records,
      CompressionTypeToString(compact_->compaction->output_compression())
          .c_str());
@@ -1089,7 +1090,6 @@ void CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction(SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {
    }
    // fallback to local compaction
    assert(comp_status == CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal);
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.is_remote_compaction = false;
  }

  uint64_t prev_cpu_micros = db_options_.clock->CPUMicros();
@@ -1295,9 +1295,8 @@ void CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction(SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {

  auto c_iter = std::make_unique<CompactionIterator>(
      input, cfd->user_comparator(), &merge, versions_->LastSequence(),
-      &existing_snapshots_, earliest_snapshot_,
-      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq, snapshot_checker_,
-      env_, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env_, stats_),
+      &existing_snapshots_, earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq,
+      snapshot_checker_, env_, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env_, stats_),
      /*expect_valid_internal_key=*/true, range_del_agg.get(),
      blob_file_builder.get(), db_options_.allow_data_in_errors,
      db_options_.enforce_single_del_contracts, manual_compaction_canceled_,
@@ -1586,8 +1585,6 @@ Status CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile(
  const uint64_t current_entries = outputs.NumEntries();

  s = outputs.Finish(s, seqno_to_time_mapping_);
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
-      "CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile()::AfterFinish", &s);

  if (s.ok()) {
    // With accurate smallest and largest key, we can get a slightly more
@@ -1920,10 +1917,6 @@ Status CompactionJob::OpenCompactionOutputFile(SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
    oldest_ancester_time = current_time;
  }

-  uint64_t newest_key_time = sub_compact->compaction->MaxInputFileNewestKeyTime(
-      sub_compact->start.has_value() ? &tmp_start : nullptr,
-      sub_compact->end.has_value() ? &tmp_end : nullptr);
-
  // Initialize a SubcompactionState::Output and add it to sub_compact->outputs
  uint64_t epoch_number = sub_compact->compaction->MinInputFileEpochNumber();
  {
@@ -1973,13 +1966,10 @@ Status CompactionJob::OpenCompactionOutputFile(SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
      cfd->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
      sub_compact->compaction->output_compression(),
      sub_compact->compaction->output_compression_opts(), cfd->GetID(),
-      cfd->GetName(), sub_compact->compaction->output_level(), newest_key_time,
+      cfd->GetName(), sub_compact->compaction->output_level(),
      bottommost_level_, TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction,
      0 /* oldest_key_time */, current_time, db_id_, db_session_id_,
-      sub_compact->compaction->max_output_file_size(), file_number,
-      preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ == kMaxSequenceNumber
-          ? preclude_last_level_min_seqno_
-          : std::min(earliest_snapshot_, preclude_last_level_min_seqno_));
+      sub_compact->compaction->max_output_file_size(), file_number);

  outputs.NewBuilder(tboptions);

@@ -2016,8 +2006,7 @@ bool CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionStats(uint64_t* num_input_range_del) {
  for (int input_level = 0;
       input_level < static_cast<int>(compaction->num_input_levels());
       ++input_level) {
-    const LevelFilesBrief* flevel = compaction->input_levels(input_level);
-    size_t num_input_files = flevel->num_files;
+    size_t num_input_files = compaction->num_input_files(input_level);
    uint64_t* bytes_read;
    if (compaction->level(input_level) != compaction->output_level()) {
      compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels +=
@@ -2029,7 +2018,7 @@ bool CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionStats(uint64_t* num_input_range_del) {
      bytes_read = &compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_read_output_level;
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_input_files; ++i) {
-      const FileMetaData* file_meta = flevel->files[i].file_metadata;
+      const FileMetaData* file_meta = compaction->input(input_level, i);
      *bytes_read += file_meta->fd.GetFileSize();
      uint64_t file_input_entries = file_meta->num_entries;
      uint64_t file_num_range_del = file_meta->num_range_deletions;
@@ -2052,23 +2041,6 @@ bool CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionStats(uint64_t* num_input_range_del) {
        *num_input_range_del += file_num_range_del;
      }
    }
-
-    const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& filtered_flevel =
-        compaction->filtered_input_levels(input_level);
-    size_t num_filtered_input_files = filtered_flevel.size();
-    uint64_t* bytes_skipped;
-    if (compaction->level(input_level) != compaction->output_level()) {
-      compaction_stats_.stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_non_output_levels +=
-          static_cast<int>(num_filtered_input_files);
-      bytes_skipped = &compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_skipped_non_output_levels;
-    } else {
-      compaction_stats_.stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_output_level +=
-          static_cast<int>(num_filtered_input_files);
-      bytes_skipped = &compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_skipped_output_level;
-    }
-    for (const FileMetaData* filtered_file_meta : filtered_flevel) {
-      *bytes_skipped += filtered_file_meta->fd.GetFileSize();
-    }
  }

  assert(compaction_job_stats_);
@@ -2093,13 +2065,6 @@ void CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionJobStats(
      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level;
  compaction_job_stats_->num_input_files_at_output_level =
      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_filtered_input_files =
-      stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_non_output_levels +
-      stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_output_level;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_filtered_input_files_at_output_level =
-      stats.num_filtered_input_files_in_output_level;
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_skipped_input_bytes =
-      stats.bytes_skipped_non_output_levels + stats.bytes_skipped_output_level;

  // output information
  compaction_job_stats_->total_output_bytes = stats.bytes_written;
@@ -209,13 +209,12 @@ class CompactionJob {
  // Returns true iff compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_records and
  // num_input_range_del are calculated successfully.
  bool UpdateCompactionStats(uint64_t* num_input_range_del = nullptr);
-  virtual void UpdateCompactionJobStats(
-      const InternalStats::CompactionStats& stats) const;
  void LogCompaction();
  virtual void RecordCompactionIOStats();
  void CleanupCompaction();

-  // Iterate through input and compact the kv-pairs.
+  // Call compaction filter. Then iterate through input and compact the
+  // kv-pairs
  void ProcessKeyValueCompaction(SubcompactionState* sub_compact);

  CompactionState* compact_;
@@ -280,7 +279,8 @@ class CompactionJob {
                                  bool* compaction_released);
  Status OpenCompactionOutputFile(SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
                                  CompactionOutputs& outputs);
-
+  void UpdateCompactionJobStats(
+      const InternalStats::CompactionStats& stats) const;
  void RecordDroppedKeys(const CompactionIterationStats& c_iter_stats,
                         CompactionJobStats* compaction_job_stats = nullptr);

@@ -314,8 +314,6 @@ class CompactionJob {
  // deleted because that version is not visible in any snapshot.
  std::vector<SequenceNumber> existing_snapshots_;

-  SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot_;
-
  // This is the earliest snapshot that could be used for write-conflict
  // checking by a transaction.  For any user-key newer than this snapshot, we
  // should make sure not to remove evidence that a write occurred.
@@ -377,7 +375,9 @@ class CompactionJob {
 // doesn't contain the LSM tree information, which is passed though MANIFEST
 // file.
 struct CompactionServiceInput {
-  std::string cf_name;
+  ColumnFamilyDescriptor column_family;
+
+  DBOptions db_options;

  std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshots;

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ struct CompactionServiceInput {
  // files needed for this compaction, for both input level files and output
  // level files.
  std::vector<std::string> input_files;
-  int output_level = 0;
+  int output_level;

  // db_id is used to generate unique id of sst on the remote compactor
  std::string db_id;
@@ -396,12 +396,13 @@ struct CompactionServiceInput {
  bool has_end = false;
  std::string end;

-  uint64_t options_file_number = 0;
-
  // serialization interface to read and write the object
  static Status Read(const std::string& data_str, CompactionServiceInput* obj);
  Status Write(std::string* output);

+  // Initialize a dummy ColumnFamilyDescriptor
+  CompactionServiceInput() : column_family("", ColumnFamilyOptions()) {}
+
 #ifndef NDEBUG
  bool TEST_Equals(CompactionServiceInput* other);
  bool TEST_Equals(CompactionServiceInput* other, std::string* mismatch);
@@ -415,25 +416,20 @@ struct CompactionServiceOutputFile {
  SequenceNumber largest_seqno;
  std::string smallest_internal_key;
  std::string largest_internal_key;
-  uint64_t oldest_ancester_time = kUnknownOldestAncesterTime;
-  uint64_t file_creation_time = kUnknownFileCreationTime;
-  uint64_t epoch_number = kUnknownEpochNumber;
-  std::string file_checksum = kUnknownFileChecksum;
-  std::string file_checksum_func_name = kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName;
+  uint64_t oldest_ancester_time;
+  uint64_t file_creation_time;
+  uint64_t epoch_number;
  uint64_t paranoid_hash;
  bool marked_for_compaction;
-  UniqueId64x2 unique_id{};
-  TableProperties table_properties;
+  UniqueId64x2 unique_id;

  CompactionServiceOutputFile() = default;
  CompactionServiceOutputFile(
      const std::string& name, SequenceNumber smallest, SequenceNumber largest,
      std::string _smallest_internal_key, std::string _largest_internal_key,
      uint64_t _oldest_ancester_time, uint64_t _file_creation_time,
-      uint64_t _epoch_number, const std::string& _file_checksum,
-      const std::string& _file_checksum_func_name, uint64_t _paranoid_hash,
-      bool _marked_for_compaction, UniqueId64x2 _unique_id,
-      const TableProperties& _table_properties)
+      uint64_t _epoch_number, uint64_t _paranoid_hash,
+      bool _marked_for_compaction, UniqueId64x2 _unique_id)
      : file_name(name),
        smallest_seqno(smallest),
        largest_seqno(largest),
@@ -442,12 +438,9 @@ struct CompactionServiceOutputFile {
        oldest_ancester_time(_oldest_ancester_time),
        file_creation_time(_file_creation_time),
        epoch_number(_epoch_number),
-        file_checksum(_file_checksum),
-        file_checksum_func_name(_file_checksum_func_name),
        paranoid_hash(_paranoid_hash),
        marked_for_compaction(_marked_for_compaction),
-        unique_id(std::move(_unique_id)),
-        table_properties(_table_properties) {}
+        unique_id(std::move(_unique_id)) {}
 };

 // CompactionServiceResult contains the compaction result from a different db
@@ -456,11 +449,14 @@ struct CompactionServiceOutputFile {
 struct CompactionServiceResult {
  Status status;
  std::vector<CompactionServiceOutputFile> output_files;
-  int output_level = 0;
+  int output_level;

  // location of the output files
  std::string output_path;

+  // some statistics about the compaction
+  uint64_t num_output_records = 0;
+  uint64_t total_bytes = 0;
  uint64_t bytes_read = 0;
  uint64_t bytes_written = 0;
  CompactionJobStats stats;
@@ -506,9 +502,6 @@ class CompactionServiceCompactionJob : private CompactionJob {
 protected:
  void RecordCompactionIOStats() override;

-  void UpdateCompactionJobStats(
-      const InternalStats::CompactionStats& stats) const override;
-
 private:
  // Get table file name in output_path
  std::string GetTableFileName(uint64_t file_number) override;
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ void VerifyInitializationOfCompactionJobStats(
  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_job_stats.num_output_records, 0U);
  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_job_stats.num_output_files, 0U);

-  ASSERT_TRUE(compaction_job_stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(compaction_job_stats.is_remote_compaction);
+  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_job_stats.is_manual_compaction, true);

  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_job_stats.total_input_bytes, 0U);
  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_job_stats.total_output_bytes, 0U);
@@ -250,7 +249,6 @@ class CompactionJobTestBase : public testing::Test {
    } else {
      assert(false);
    }
-    mutable_cf_options_.table_factory = cf_options_.table_factory;
  }

  std::string GenerateFileName(uint64_t file_number) {
@@ -301,13 +299,13 @@ class CompactionJobTestBase : public testing::Test {
    const WriteOptions write_options;
    std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> table_builder(
        cf_options_.table_factory->NewTableBuilder(
-            TableBuilderOptions(
-                *cfd_->ioptions(), mutable_cf_options_, read_options,
-                write_options, cfd_->internal_comparator(),
-                cfd_->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
-                CompressionType::kNoCompression, CompressionOptions(),
-                0 /* column_family_id */, kDefaultColumnFamilyName,
-                -1 /* level */, kUnknownNewestKeyTime),
+            TableBuilderOptions(*cfd_->ioptions(), mutable_cf_options_,
+                                read_options, write_options,
+                                cfd_->internal_comparator(),
+                                cfd_->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
+                                CompressionType::kNoCompression,
+                                CompressionOptions(), 0 /* column_family_id */,
+                                kDefaultColumnFamilyName, -1 /* level */),
            file_writer.get()));
    // Build table.
    for (const auto& kv : contents) {
@@ -547,14 +545,14 @@ class CompactionJobTestBase : public testing::Test {
    ASSERT_OK(s);
    db_options_.info_log = info_log;

-    versions_.reset(
-        new VersionSet(dbname_, &db_options_, env_options_, table_cache_.get(),
-                       &write_buffer_manager_, &write_controller_,
-                       /*block_cache_tracer=*/nullptr, /*io_tracer=*/nullptr,
-                       test::kUnitTestDbId, /*db_session_id=*/"",
-                       /*daily_offpeak_time_utc=*/"",
-                       /*error_handler=*/nullptr, /*read_only=*/false));
+    versions_.reset(new VersionSet(
+        dbname_, &db_options_, env_options_, table_cache_.get(),
+        &write_buffer_manager_, &write_controller_,
+        /*block_cache_tracer=*/nullptr, /*io_tracer=*/nullptr,
+        /*db_id=*/"", /*db_session_id=*/"", /*daily_offpeak_time_utc=*/"",
+        /*error_handler=*/nullptr, /*read_only=*/false));
    compaction_job_stats_.Reset();
+    ASSERT_OK(SetIdentityFile(WriteOptions(), env_, dbname_));

    VersionEdit new_db;
    new_db.SetLogNumber(0);
@@ -577,8 +575,7 @@ class CompactionJobTestBase : public testing::Test {
    }
    ASSERT_OK(s);
    // Make "CURRENT" file that points to the new manifest file.
-    s = SetCurrentFile(WriteOptions(), fs_.get(), dbname_, 1,
-                       Temperature::kUnknown, nullptr);
+    s = SetCurrentFile(WriteOptions(), fs_.get(), dbname_, 1, nullptr);

    ASSERT_OK(s);

@@ -652,8 +649,7 @@ class CompactionJobTestBase : public testing::Test {
        mutable_cf_options_.target_file_size_base,
        mutable_cf_options_.max_compaction_bytes, 0, kNoCompression,
        cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->compression_opts,
-        Temperature::kUnknown, max_subcompactions, grandparents,
-        /*earliest_snapshot*/ std::nullopt, /*snapshot_checker*/ nullptr, true);
+        Temperature::kUnknown, max_subcompactions, grandparents, true);
    compaction.FinalizeInputInfo(cfd->current());

    assert(db_options_.info_log);
@@ -1571,7 +1567,17 @@ TEST_F(CompactionJobTest, InputSerialization) {
  const int kStrMaxLen = 1000;
  Random rnd(static_cast<uint32_t>(time(nullptr)));
  Random64 rnd64(time(nullptr));
-  input.cf_name = rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen));
+  input.column_family.name = rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen));
+  input.column_family.options.comparator = ReverseBytewiseComparator();
+  input.column_family.options.max_bytes_for_level_base =
+      rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
+  input.column_family.options.disable_auto_compactions = rnd.OneIn(2);
+  input.column_family.options.compression = kZSTD;
+  input.column_family.options.compression_opts.level = 4;
+  input.db_options.max_background_flushes = 10;
+  input.db_options.paranoid_checks = rnd.OneIn(2);
+  input.db_options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  input.db_options.env = env_;
  while (!rnd.OneIn(10)) {
    input.snapshots.emplace_back(rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX));
  }
@@ -1599,10 +1605,10 @@ TEST_F(CompactionJobTest, InputSerialization) {
  ASSERT_TRUE(deserialized1.TEST_Equals(&input));

  // Test mismatch
-  deserialized1.output_level += 10;
+  deserialized1.db_options.max_background_flushes += 10;
  std::string mismatch;
  ASSERT_FALSE(deserialized1.TEST_Equals(&input, &mismatch));
-  ASSERT_EQ(mismatch, "output_level");
+  ASSERT_EQ(mismatch, "db_options.max_background_flushes");

  // Test unknown field
  CompactionServiceInput deserialized2;
@@ -1658,40 +1664,20 @@ TEST_F(CompactionJobTest, ResultSerialization) {
  };
  result.status =
      status_list.at(rnd.Uniform(static_cast<int>(status_list.size())));
-
-  std::string file_checksum = rnd.RandomBinaryString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen));
-  std::string file_checksum_func_name = "MyAwesomeChecksumGenerator";
  while (!rnd.OneIn(10)) {
-    TableProperties tp;
-    tp.user_collected_properties.emplace(
-        "UCP_Key1", rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)));
-    tp.user_collected_properties.emplace(
-        "UCP_Key2", rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)));
-    tp.readable_properties.emplace("RP_Key1",
-                                   rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)));
-    tp.readable_properties.emplace("RP_K2y2",
-                                   rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)));
-
    UniqueId64x2 id{rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX), rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX)};
    result.output_files.emplace_back(
-        rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)) /* file_name */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* smallest_seqno */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* largest_seqno */,
-        rnd.RandomBinaryString(
-            rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)) /* smallest_internal_key */,
-        rnd.RandomBinaryString(
-            rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)) /* largest_internal_key */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* oldest_ancester_time */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* file_creation_time */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* epoch_number */,
-        file_checksum /* file_checksum */,
-        file_checksum_func_name /* file_checksum_func_name */,
-        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX) /* paranoid_hash */,
-        rnd.OneIn(2) /* marked_for_compaction */, id /* unique_id */, tp);
+        rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)), rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX),
+        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX),
+        rnd.RandomBinaryString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)),
+        rnd.RandomBinaryString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen)),
+        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX), rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX),
+        rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX), rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX), rnd.OneIn(2), id);
  }
  result.output_level = rnd.Uniform(10);
  result.output_path = rnd.RandomString(rnd.Uniform(kStrMaxLen));
-  result.stats.num_output_records = rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
+  result.num_output_records = rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
+  result.total_bytes = rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
  result.bytes_read = 123;
  result.bytes_written = rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
  result.stats.elapsed_micros = rnd64.Uniform(UINT64_MAX);
@@ -1708,21 +1694,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionJobTest, ResultSerialization) {
  ASSERT_OK(CompactionServiceResult::Read(output, &deserialized1));
  ASSERT_TRUE(deserialized1.TEST_Equals(&result));

-  for (size_t i = 0; i < result.output_files.size(); i++) {
-    for (const auto& prop :
-         result.output_files[i].table_properties.user_collected_properties) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(deserialized1.output_files[i]
-                    .table_properties.user_collected_properties[prop.first],
-                prop.second);
-    }
-    for (const auto& prop :
-         result.output_files[i].table_properties.readable_properties) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(deserialized1.output_files[i]
-                    .table_properties.readable_properties[prop.first],
-                prop.second);
-    }
-  }
-
  // Test mismatch
  deserialized1.stats.num_input_files += 10;
  std::string mismatch;
@@ -1737,10 +1708,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionJobTest, ResultSerialization) {
    ASSERT_FALSE(deserialized_tmp.TEST_Equals(&result, &mismatch));
    ASSERT_EQ(mismatch, "output_files.unique_id");
    deserialized_tmp.status.PermitUncheckedError();
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(deserialized_tmp.output_files[0].file_checksum, file_checksum);
-    ASSERT_EQ(deserialized_tmp.output_files[0].file_checksum_func_name,
-              file_checksum_func_name);
  }

  // Test unknown field
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ Status CompactionOutputs::Finish(
  if (s.ok()) {
    SeqnoToTimeMapping relevant_mapping;
    relevant_mapping.CopyFromSeqnoRange(
-        seqno_to_time_mapping,
-        std::min(smallest_preferred_seqno_, meta->fd.smallest_seqno),
-        meta->fd.largest_seqno);
+        seqno_to_time_mapping, meta->fd.smallest_seqno, meta->fd.largest_seqno);
    relevant_mapping.SetCapacity(kMaxSeqnoTimePairsPerSST);
    builder_->SetSeqnoTimeTableProperties(relevant_mapping,
                                          meta->oldest_ancester_time);
@@ -424,11 +422,6 @@ Status CompactionOutputs::AddToOutput(
  }

  const ParsedInternalKey& ikey = c_iter.ikey();
-  if (ikey.type == kTypeValuePreferredSeqno) {
-    SequenceNumber preferred_seqno = ParsePackedValueForSeqno(value);
-    smallest_preferred_seqno_ =
-        std::min(smallest_preferred_seqno_, preferred_seqno);
-  }
  s = current_output().meta.UpdateBoundaries(key, value, ikey.sequence,
                                             ikey.type);

@@ -62,9 +62,8 @@ class CompactionOutputs {
  }

  // TODO: Remove it when remote compaction support tiered compaction
-  void AddBytesWritten(uint64_t bytes) { stats_.bytes_written += bytes; }
+  void SetTotalBytes(uint64_t bytes) { stats_.bytes_written += bytes; }
  void SetNumOutputRecords(uint64_t num) { stats_.num_output_records = num; }
-  void SetNumOutputFiles(uint64_t num) { stats_.num_output_files = num; }

  // TODO: Move the BlobDB builder into CompactionOutputs
  const std::vector<BlobFileAddition>& GetBlobFileAdditions() const {
@@ -108,12 +107,6 @@ class CompactionOutputs {
  Status Finish(const Status& intput_status,
                const SeqnoToTimeMapping& seqno_to_time_mapping);

-  // Update output table properties from already populated TableProperties.
-  // Used for remote compaction
-  void UpdateTableProperties(const TableProperties& table_properties) {
-    current_output().table_properties =
-        std::make_shared<TableProperties>(table_properties);
-  }
  // Update output table properties from table builder
  void UpdateTableProperties() {
    current_output().table_properties =
@@ -304,7 +297,6 @@ class CompactionOutputs {
  std::unique_ptr<TableBuilder> builder_;
  std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer_;
  uint64_t current_output_file_size_ = 0;
-  SequenceNumber smallest_preferred_seqno_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;

  // all the compaction outputs so far
  std::vector<Output> outputs_;
@@ -133,8 +133,7 @@ CompactionPicker::CompactionPicker(const ImmutableOptions& ioptions,
 CompactionPicker::~CompactionPicker() = default;

 // Delete this compaction from the list of running compactions.
-void CompactionPicker::ReleaseCompactionFiles(Compaction* c,
-                                              const Status& status) {
+void CompactionPicker::ReleaseCompactionFiles(Compaction* c, Status status) {
  UnregisterCompaction(c);
  if (!status.ok()) {
    c->ResetNextCompactionIndex();
@@ -341,8 +340,8 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactFiles(
 #ifndef NDEBUG
  assert(input_files.size());
  // This compaction output should not overlap with a running compaction as
-  // `SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles` should've checked earlier and db
-  // mutex shouldn't have been released since.
+  // `SanitizeCompactionInputFiles` should've checked earlier and db mutex
+  // shouldn't have been released since.
  int start_level = Compaction::kInvalidLevel;
  for (const auto& in : input_files) {
    // input_files should already be sorted by level
@@ -351,11 +350,11 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactFiles(
      break;
    }
  }
-  assert(output_level == 0 || !FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
-                                  input_files, output_level,
-                                  Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-                                      vstorage, mutable_cf_options, ioptions_,
-                                      start_level, output_level)));
+  assert(output_level == 0 ||
+         !FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
+             input_files, output_level,
+             Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, ioptions_,
+                                                  start_level, output_level)));
 #endif /* !NDEBUG */

  CompressionType compression_type;
@@ -380,8 +379,7 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactFiles(
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options, vstorage, output_level),
      mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
      compact_options.max_subcompactions,
-      /* grandparents */ {}, /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr, true);
+      /* grandparents */ {}, true);
  RegisterCompaction(c);
  return c;
 }
@@ -459,10 +457,9 @@ bool CompactionPicker::IsRangeInCompaction(VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
 // Returns false if files on parent level are currently in compaction, which
 // means that we can't compact them
 bool CompactionPicker::SetupOtherInputs(
-    const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-    VersionStorageInfo* vstorage, CompactionInputFiles* inputs,
-    CompactionInputFiles* output_level_inputs, int* parent_index,
-    int base_index, bool only_expand_towards_right) {
+    const std::string& cf_name, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+    CompactionInputFiles* inputs, CompactionInputFiles* output_level_inputs,
+    int* parent_index, int base_index, bool only_expand_towards_right) {
  assert(!inputs->empty());
  assert(output_level_inputs->empty());
  const int input_level = inputs->level;
@@ -528,15 +525,8 @@ bool CompactionPicker::SetupOtherInputs(
    if (!ExpandInputsToCleanCut(cf_name, vstorage, &expanded_inputs)) {
      try_overlapping_inputs = false;
    }
-    // It helps to reduce write amp and avoid a further separate compaction
-    // to include more input level files without expanding output level files.
-    // So we apply a softer limit. We still need a limit to avoid overly large
-    // compactions and potential high space amp spikes.
-    const uint64_t limit =
-        MultiplyCheckOverflow(mutable_cf_options.max_compaction_bytes, 2.0);
    if (try_overlapping_inputs && expanded_inputs.size() > inputs->size() &&
-        !AreFilesInCompaction(expanded_inputs.files) &&
-        output_level_inputs_size + expanded_inputs_size < limit) {
+        !AreFilesInCompaction(expanded_inputs.files)) {
      InternalKey new_start, new_limit;
      GetRange(expanded_inputs, &new_start, &new_limit);
      CompactionInputFiles expanded_output_level_inputs;
@@ -558,8 +548,7 @@ bool CompactionPicker::SetupOtherInputs(
                                             base_index, nullptr);
      expanded_inputs_size = TotalFileSize(expanded_inputs.files);
      if (expanded_inputs.size() > inputs->size() &&
-          !AreFilesInCompaction(expanded_inputs.files) &&
-          (output_level_inputs_size + expanded_inputs_size) < limit) {
+          !AreFilesInCompaction(expanded_inputs.files)) {
        expand_inputs = true;
      }
    }
@@ -659,9 +648,8 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactRange(
    // overlaping outputs in the same level.
    if (FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
            inputs, output_level,
-            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, mutable_cf_options,
-                                                 ioptions_, start_level,
-                                                 output_level))) {
+            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, ioptions_,
+                                                 start_level, output_level))) {
      // This compaction output could potentially conflict with the output
      // of a currently running compaction, we cannot run it.
      *manual_conflict = true;
@@ -679,9 +667,7 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactRange(
        GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options, vstorage, output_level),
        mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
        compact_range_options.max_subcompactions,
-        /* grandparents */ {}, /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-        /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-        /* is manual */ true, trim_ts, /* score */ -1,
+        /* grandparents */ {}, /* is manual */ true, trim_ts, /* score */ -1,
        /* deletion_compaction */ false, /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
        CompactionReason::kUnknown,
        compact_range_options.blob_garbage_collection_policy,
@@ -822,8 +808,8 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactRange(
  output_level_inputs.level = output_level;
  if (input_level != output_level) {
    int parent_index = -1;
-    if (!SetupOtherInputs(cf_name, mutable_cf_options, vstorage, &inputs,
-                          &output_level_inputs, &parent_index, -1)) {
+    if (!SetupOtherInputs(cf_name, vstorage, &inputs, &output_level_inputs,
+                          &parent_index, -1)) {
      // manual compaction is now multi-threaded, so it can
      // happen that SetupOtherInputs fails
      // we handle it higher in RunManualCompaction
@@ -847,8 +833,7 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactRange(
  // overlaping outputs in the same level.
  if (FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
          compaction_inputs, output_level,
-          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, mutable_cf_options,
-                                               ioptions_, input_level,
+          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage, ioptions_, input_level,
                                               output_level))) {
    // This compaction output could potentially conflict with the output
    // of a currently running compaction, we cannot run it.
@@ -871,7 +856,6 @@ Compaction* CompactionPicker::CompactRange(
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options, vstorage, output_level),
      mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
      compact_range_options.max_subcompactions, std::move(grandparents),
-      /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt, /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
      /* is manual */ true, trim_ts, /* score */ -1,
      /* deletion_compaction */ false, /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
      CompactionReason::kUnknown,
@@ -1047,20 +1031,19 @@ Status CompactionPicker::SanitizeCompactionInputFilesForAllLevels(
      }
    }
  }
+  if (RangeOverlapWithCompaction(smallestkey, largestkey, output_level)) {
+    return Status::Aborted(
+        "A running compaction is writing to the same output level in an "
+        "overlapping key range");
+  }
  return Status::OK();
 }

-Status CompactionPicker::SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles(
-    std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_files, const int output_level,
-    Version* version,
-    std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>* converted_input_files) const {
-  ColumnFamilyMetaData cf_meta;
-  version->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(&cf_meta);
-
+Status CompactionPicker::SanitizeCompactionInputFiles(
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_files,
+    const ColumnFamilyMetaData& cf_meta, const int output_level) const {
  assert(static_cast<int>(cf_meta.levels.size()) - 1 ==
         cf_meta.levels[cf_meta.levels.size() - 1].level);
-  assert(converted_input_files);
-
  if (output_level >= static_cast<int>(cf_meta.levels.size())) {
    return Status::InvalidArgument(
        "Output level for column family " + cf_meta.name +
@@ -1086,6 +1069,7 @@ Status CompactionPicker::SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles(

  Status s = SanitizeCompactionInputFilesForAllLevels(input_files, cf_meta,
                                                      output_level);
+
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }
@@ -1126,23 +1110,6 @@ Status CompactionPicker::SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles(
    }
  }

-  s = GetCompactionInputsFromFileNumbers(converted_input_files, input_files,
-                                         version->storage_info(),
-                                         CompactionOptions());
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    return s;
-  }
-  assert(converted_input_files->size() > 0);
-  if (output_level != 0 &&
-      FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
-          *converted_input_files, output_level,
-          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-              version->storage_info(), version->GetMutableCFOptions(),
-              ioptions_, (*converted_input_files)[0].level, output_level))) {
-    return Status::Aborted(
-        "A running compaction is writing to the same output level(s) in an "
-        "overlapping key range");
-  }
  return Status::OK();
 }

@@ -1180,8 +1147,7 @@ void CompactionPicker::UnregisterCompaction(Compaction* c) {

 void CompactionPicker::PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(
    const std::string& cf_name, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage, int* start_level,
-    int* output_level, CompactionInputFiles* start_level_inputs,
-    std::function<bool(const FileMetaData*)> skip_marked_file) {
+    int* output_level, CompactionInputFiles* start_level_inputs) {
  if (vstorage->FilesMarkedForCompaction().empty()) {
    return;
  }
@@ -1191,9 +1157,6 @@ void CompactionPicker::PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(
    // If this assert() fails that means that some function marked some
    // files as being_compacted, but didn't call ComputeCompactionScore()
    assert(!level_file.second->being_compacted);
-    if (skip_marked_file(level_file.second)) {
-      return false;
-    }
    *start_level = level_file.first;
    *output_level =
        (*start_level == 0) ? vstorage->base_level() : *start_level + 1;
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <vector>

 #include "db/compaction/compaction.h"
-#include "db/snapshot_checker.h"
 #include "db/version_set.h"
 #include "options/cf_options.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
@@ -56,17 +55,17 @@ class CompactionPicker {
  // Returns nullptr if there is no compaction to be done.
  // Otherwise returns a pointer to a heap-allocated object that
  // describes the compaction.  Caller should delete the result.
-  // Currently, only universal compaction will query existing snapshots and
-  // pass it to aid compaction picking. And it's only passed when user-defined
-  // timestamps is not enabled. The other compaction styles do not pass or use
-  // `existing_snapshots` or `snapshot_checker`.
-  virtual Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-      const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-      LogBuffer* log_buffer) = 0;
+  virtual Compaction* PickCompaction(const std::string& cf_name,
+                                     const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+                                     const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
+                                     VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+                                     LogBuffer* log_buffer) = 0;

+  // Return a compaction object for compacting the range [begin,end] in
+  // the specified level.  Returns nullptr if there is nothing in that
+  // level that overlaps the specified range.  Caller should delete
+  // the result.
+  //
  // The returned Compaction might not include the whole requested range.
  // In that case, compaction_end will be set to the next key that needs
  // compacting. In case the compaction will compact the whole range,
@@ -87,24 +86,21 @@ class CompactionPicker {

  virtual bool NeedsCompaction(const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage) const = 0;

-  // Sanitize the input set of compaction input files and convert it to
-  // `std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>` in the output parameter
-  // `converted_input_files`.
-  // When the input parameters do not describe a valid
-  // compaction, the function will try to fix the input_files by adding
-  // necessary files.  If it's not possible to convert an invalid input_files
-  // into a valid one by adding more files, the function will return a
-  // non-ok status with specific reason.
-  //
-  Status SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles(
-      std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_files, const int output_level,
-      Version* version,
-      std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>* converted_input_files) const;
+// Sanitize the input set of compaction input files.
+// When the input parameters do not describe a valid compaction, the
+// function will try to fix the input_files by adding necessary
+// files.  If it's not possible to conver an invalid input_files
+// into a valid one by adding more files, the function will return a
+// non-ok status with specific reason.
+//
+  Status SanitizeCompactionInputFiles(std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_files,
+                                      const ColumnFamilyMetaData& cf_meta,
+                                      const int output_level) const;

  // Free up the files that participated in a compaction
  //
  // Requirement: DB mutex held
-  void ReleaseCompactionFiles(Compaction* c, const Status& status);
+  void ReleaseCompactionFiles(Compaction* c, Status status);

  // Returns true if any one of the specified files are being compacted
  bool AreFilesInCompaction(const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& files);
@@ -113,8 +109,8 @@ class CompactionPicker {
  // object.
  //
  // Caller must provide a set of input files that has been passed through
-  // `SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles` earlier. The lock should not be
-  // released between that call and this one.
+  // `SanitizeCompactionInputFiles` earlier. The lock should not be released
+  // between that call and this one.
  Compaction* CompactFiles(const CompactionOptions& compact_options,
                           const std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>& input_files,
                           int output_level, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
@@ -124,7 +120,6 @@ class CompactionPicker {

  // Converts a set of compaction input file numbers into
  // a list of CompactionInputFiles.
-  // TODO(hx235): remove the unused paramter `compact_options`
  Status GetCompactionInputsFromFileNumbers(
      std::vector<CompactionInputFiles>* input_files,
      std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_set,
@@ -191,7 +186,6 @@ class CompactionPicker {
      int penultimate_level) const;

  bool SetupOtherInputs(const std::string& cf_name,
-                        const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
                        VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
                        CompactionInputFiles* inputs,
                        CompactionInputFiles* output_level_inputs,
@@ -203,11 +197,10 @@ class CompactionPicker {
                       const CompactionInputFiles& output_level_inputs,
                       std::vector<FileMetaData*>* grandparents);

-  void PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(
-      const std::string& cf_name, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-      int* start_level, int* output_level,
-      CompactionInputFiles* start_level_inputs,
-      std::function<bool(const FileMetaData*)> skip_marked_file);
+  void PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(const std::string& cf_name,
+                                    VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+                                    int* start_level, int* output_level,
+                                    CompactionInputFiles* start_level_inputs);

  bool GetOverlappingL0Files(VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
                             CompactionInputFiles* start_level_inputs,
@@ -231,8 +224,8 @@ class CompactionPicker {
 protected:
  const ImmutableOptions& ioptions_;

-  // A helper function to SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles() that
-  // sanitizes "input_files" by adding necessary files.
+// A helper function to SanitizeCompactionInputFiles() that
+// sanitizes "input_files" by adding necessary files.
  virtual Status SanitizeCompactionInputFilesForAllLevels(
      std::unordered_set<uint64_t>* input_files,
      const ColumnFamilyMetaData& cf_meta, const int output_level) const;
@@ -258,13 +251,11 @@ class NullCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
  virtual ~NullCompactionPicker() {}

  // Always return "nullptr"
-  Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const std::string& /*cf_name*/,
-      const MutableCFOptions& /*mutable_cf_options*/,
-      const MutableDBOptions& /*mutable_db_options*/,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& /*existing_snapshots*/,
-      const SnapshotChecker* /*snapshot_checker*/,
-      VersionStorageInfo* /*vstorage*/, LogBuffer* /* log_buffer */) override {
+  Compaction* PickCompaction(const std::string& /*cf_name*/,
+                             const MutableCFOptions& /*mutable_cf_options*/,
+                             const MutableDBOptions& /*mutable_db_options*/,
+                             VersionStorageInfo* /*vstorage*/,
+                             LogBuffer* /* log_buffer */) override {
    return nullptr;
  }

@@ -79,14 +79,10 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTTLCompaction(
      FileMetaData* f = *ritr;
      assert(f);
      if (f->fd.table_reader && f->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()) {
-        uint64_t newest_key_time = f->TryGetNewestKeyTime();
        uint64_t creation_time =
            f->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()->creation_time;
-        uint64_t est_newest_key_time = newest_key_time == kUnknownNewestKeyTime
-                                           ? creation_time
-                                           : newest_key_time;
-        if (est_newest_key_time == kUnknownNewestKeyTime ||
-            est_newest_key_time >= (current_time - mutable_cf_options.ttl)) {
+        if (creation_time == 0 ||
+            creation_time >= (current_time - mutable_cf_options.ttl)) {
          break;
        }
      }
@@ -106,19 +102,15 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTTLCompaction(
  }

  for (const auto& f : inputs[0].files) {
-    assert(f);
-    uint64_t newest_key_time = f->TryGetNewestKeyTime();
    uint64_t creation_time = 0;
+    assert(f);
    if (f->fd.table_reader && f->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()) {
      creation_time = f->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()->creation_time;
    }
-    uint64_t est_newest_key_time = newest_key_time == kUnknownNewestKeyTime
-                                       ? creation_time
-                                       : newest_key_time;
    ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer,
                     "[%s] FIFO compaction: picking file %" PRIu64
-                     " with estimated newest key time %" PRIu64 " for deletion",
-                     cf_name.c_str(), f->fd.GetNumber(), est_newest_key_time);
+                     " with creation time %" PRIu64 " for deletion",
+                     cf_name.c_str(), f->fd.GetNumber(), creation_time);
  }

  Compaction* c = new Compaction(
@@ -126,9 +118,7 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTTLCompaction(
      std::move(inputs), 0, 0, 0, 0, kNoCompression,
      mutable_cf_options.compression_opts,
      mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      /* is manual */ false,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* is manual */ false,
      /* trim_ts */ "", vstorage->CompactionScore(0),
      /* is deletion compaction */ true, /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
      CompactionReason::kFIFOTtl);
@@ -198,9 +188,7 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickSizeCompaction(
            0 /* output path ID */, mutable_cf_options.compression,
            mutable_cf_options.compression_opts,
            mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
-            0 /* max_subcompactions */, {},
-            /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-            /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr, /* is manual */ false,
+            0 /* max_subcompactions */, {}, /* is manual */ false,
            /* trim_ts */ "", vstorage->CompactionScore(0),
            /* is deletion compaction */ false,
            /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
@@ -296,9 +284,7 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickSizeCompaction(
      /* output_path_id */ 0, kNoCompression,
      mutable_cf_options.compression_opts,
      mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      /* is manual */ false,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* is manual */ false,
      /* trim_ts */ "", vstorage->CompactionScore(0),
      /* is deletion compaction */ true,
      /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true, CompactionReason::kFIFOMaxSize);
@@ -308,7 +294,7 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickSizeCompaction(
 Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTemperatureChangeCompaction(
    const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-    LogBuffer* log_buffer) const {
+    LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
  const std::vector<FileTemperatureAge>& ages =
      mutable_cf_options.compaction_options_fifo
          .file_temperature_age_thresholds;
@@ -358,47 +344,73 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTemperatureChangeCompaction(
  Temperature compaction_target_temp = Temperature::kLastTemperature;
  if (current_time > min_age) {
    uint64_t create_time_threshold = current_time - min_age;
+    uint64_t compaction_size = 0;
+    // We will ideally identify a file qualifying for temperature change by
+    // knowing the timestamp for the youngest entry in the file. However, right
+    // now we don't have the information. We infer it by looking at timestamp of
+    // the previous file's (which is just younger) oldest entry's timestamp.
+    Temperature cur_target_temp;
+    // avoid index underflow
    assert(level_files.size() >= 1);
-    for (size_t index = level_files.size(); index >= 1; --index) {
+    for (size_t index = level_files.size() - 1; index >= 1; --index) {
      // Try to add cur_file to compaction inputs.
-      FileMetaData* cur_file = level_files[index - 1];
-      FileMetaData* prev_file = index < 2 ? nullptr : level_files[index - 2];
+      FileMetaData* cur_file = level_files[index];
+      // prev_file is just younger than cur_file
+      FileMetaData* prev_file = level_files[index - 1];
      if (cur_file->being_compacted) {
        // Should not happen since we check for
        // `level0_compactions_in_progress_` above. Here we simply just don't
        // schedule anything.
        return nullptr;
      }
-      uint64_t est_newest_key_time = cur_file->TryGetNewestKeyTime(prev_file);
-      // Newer file could have newest_key_time populated
-      if (est_newest_key_time == kUnknownNewestKeyTime) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (est_newest_key_time > create_time_threshold) {
+      uint64_t oldest_ancestor_time = prev_file->TryGetOldestAncesterTime();
+      if (oldest_ancestor_time == kUnknownOldestAncesterTime) {
+        // Older files might not have enough information. It is possible to
+        // handle these files by looking at newer files, but maintaining the
+        // logic isn't worth it.
        break;
      }
-      Temperature cur_target_temp = ages[0].temperature;
+      if (oldest_ancestor_time > create_time_threshold) {
+        // cur_file is too fresh
+        break;
+      }
+      cur_target_temp = ages[0].temperature;
      for (size_t i = 1; i < ages.size(); ++i) {
        if (current_time >= ages[i].age &&
-            est_newest_key_time <= current_time - ages[i].age) {
+            oldest_ancestor_time <= current_time - ages[i].age) {
          cur_target_temp = ages[i].temperature;
        }
      }
      if (cur_file->temperature == cur_target_temp) {
-        continue;
+        if (inputs[0].empty()) {
+          continue;
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
      }

      // cur_file needs to change temperature
-      assert(compaction_target_temp == Temperature::kLastTemperature);
-      compaction_target_temp = cur_target_temp;
-      inputs[0].files.push_back(cur_file);
-      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-          log_buffer,
-          "[%s] FIFO compaction: picking file %" PRIu64
-          " with estimated newest key time %" PRIu64 " for temperature %s.",
-          cf_name.c_str(), cur_file->fd.GetNumber(), est_newest_key_time,
-          temperature_to_string[cur_target_temp].c_str());
-      break;
+      if (compaction_target_temp == Temperature::kLastTemperature) {
+        assert(inputs[0].empty());
+        compaction_target_temp = cur_target_temp;
+      } else if (cur_target_temp != compaction_target_temp) {
+        assert(!inputs[0].empty());
+        break;
+      }
+      if (inputs[0].empty() || compaction_size + cur_file->fd.GetFileSize() <=
+                                   mutable_cf_options.max_compaction_bytes) {
+        inputs[0].files.push_back(cur_file);
+        compaction_size += cur_file->fd.GetFileSize();
+        ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
+            log_buffer,
+            "[%s] FIFO compaction: picking file %" PRIu64
+            " with next file's oldest time %" PRIu64 " for temperature %s.",
+            cf_name.c_str(), cur_file->fd.GetNumber(), oldest_ancestor_time,
+            temperature_to_string[cur_target_temp].c_str());
+      }
+      if (compaction_size > mutable_cf_options.max_compaction_bytes) {
+        break;
+      }
    }
  }

@@ -406,18 +418,15 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTemperatureChangeCompaction(
    return nullptr;
  }
  assert(compaction_target_temp != Temperature::kLastTemperature);
-  // Only compact one file at a time.
-  assert(inputs.size() == 1);
-  assert(inputs[0].size() == 1);
+
  Compaction* c = new Compaction(
      vstorage, ioptions_, mutable_cf_options, mutable_db_options,
      std::move(inputs), 0, 0 /* output file size limit */,
      0 /* max compaction bytes, not applicable */, 0 /* output path ID */,
      mutable_cf_options.compression, mutable_cf_options.compression_opts,
      compaction_target_temp,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      /* is manual */ false, /* trim_ts */ "", vstorage->CompactionScore(0),
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, {}, /* is manual */ false, /* trim_ts */ "",
+      vstorage->CompactionScore(0),
      /* is deletion compaction */ false, /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
      CompactionReason::kChangeTemperature);
  return c;
@@ -425,9 +434,7 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickTemperatureChangeCompaction(

 Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::PickCompaction(
    const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-    const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& /* existing_snapshots */,
-    const SnapshotChecker* /* snapshot_checker */, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
    LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
  Compaction* c = nullptr;
  if (mutable_cf_options.ttl > 0) {
@@ -462,10 +469,8 @@ Compaction* FIFOCompactionPicker::CompactRange(
  assert(output_level == 0);
  *compaction_end = nullptr;
  LogBuffer log_buffer(InfoLogLevel::INFO_LEVEL, ioptions_.logger);
-  Compaction* c =
-      PickCompaction(cf_name, mutable_cf_options, mutable_db_options,
-                     /*existing_snapshots*/ {}, /*snapshot_checker*/ nullptr,
-                     vstorage, &log_buffer);
+  Compaction* c = PickCompaction(cf_name, mutable_cf_options,
+                                 mutable_db_options, vstorage, &log_buffer);
  log_buffer.FlushBufferToLog();
  return c;
 }
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ class FIFOCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
                       const InternalKeyComparator* icmp)
      : CompactionPicker(ioptions, icmp) {}

-  Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& /* existing_snapshots */,
-      const SnapshotChecker* /* snapshot_checker */,
-      VersionStorageInfo* version, LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;
+  Compaction* PickCompaction(const std::string& cf_name,
+                             const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+                             const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
+                             VersionStorageInfo* version,
+                             LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;

  Compaction* CompactRange(const std::string& cf_name,
                           const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
@@ -54,10 +53,9 @@ class FIFOCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
                                 VersionStorageInfo* version,
                                 LogBuffer* log_buffer);

-  // Will pick one file to compact at a time, starting from the oldest file.
  Compaction* PickTemperatureChangeCompaction(
      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-      LogBuffer* log_buffer) const;
+      LogBuffer* log_buffer);
 };
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -262,10 +262,7 @@ void LevelCompactionBuilder::SetupInitialFiles() {
  parent_index_ = base_index_ = -1;

  compaction_picker_->PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(
-      cf_name_, vstorage_, &start_level_, &output_level_, &start_level_inputs_,
-      /*skip_marked_file*/ [](const FileMetaData* /* file */) {
-        return false;
-      });
+      cf_name_, vstorage_, &start_level_, &output_level_, &start_level_inputs_);
  if (!start_level_inputs_.empty()) {
    compaction_reason_ = CompactionReason::kFilesMarkedForCompaction;
    return;
@@ -414,9 +411,8 @@ void LevelCompactionBuilder::SetupOtherFilesWithRoundRobinExpansion() {
                                                    &tmp_start_level_inputs) ||
        compaction_picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
            {tmp_start_level_inputs}, output_level_,
-            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_,
-                                                 ioptions_, start_level_,
-                                                 output_level_))) {
+            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
+                vstorage_, ioptions_, start_level_, output_level_))) {
      // Constraint 1a
      tmp_start_level_inputs.clear();
      return;
@@ -471,9 +467,8 @@ bool LevelCompactionBuilder::SetupOtherInputsIfNeeded() {
    }
    if (!is_l0_trivial_move_ &&
        !compaction_picker_->SetupOtherInputs(
-            cf_name_, mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_, &start_level_inputs_,
-            &output_level_inputs_, &parent_index_, base_index_,
-            round_robin_expanding)) {
+            cf_name_, vstorage_, &start_level_inputs_, &output_level_inputs_,
+            &parent_index_, base_index_, round_robin_expanding)) {
      return false;
    }

@@ -490,9 +485,8 @@ bool LevelCompactionBuilder::SetupOtherInputsIfNeeded() {
    // We need to disallow this from happening.
    if (compaction_picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
            compaction_inputs_, output_level_,
-            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_,
-                                                 ioptions_, start_level_,
-                                                 output_level_))) {
+            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
+                vstorage_, ioptions_, start_level_, output_level_))) {
      // This compaction output could potentially conflict with the output
      // of a currently running compaction, we cannot run it.
      return false;
@@ -559,9 +553,7 @@ Compaction* LevelCompactionBuilder::GetCompaction() {
                         vstorage_->base_level()),
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_, output_level_),
      mutable_cf_options_.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, std::move(grandparents_),
-      /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt, /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      is_manual_,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, std::move(grandparents_), is_manual_,
      /* trim_ts */ "", start_level_score_, false /* deletion_compaction */,
      l0_files_might_overlap, compaction_reason_);

@@ -846,9 +838,8 @@ bool LevelCompactionBuilder::PickFileToCompact() {
                                                    &start_level_inputs_) ||
        compaction_picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
            {start_level_inputs_}, output_level_,
-            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_,
-                                                 ioptions_, start_level_,
-                                                 output_level_))) {
+            Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
+                vstorage_, ioptions_, start_level_, output_level_))) {
      // A locked (pending compaction) input-level file was pulled in due to
      // user-key overlap.
      start_level_inputs_.clear();
@@ -933,15 +924,11 @@ bool LevelCompactionBuilder::PickSizeBasedIntraL0Compaction() {
  }
  uint64_t l0_size = 0;
  for (const auto& file : l0_files) {
-    assert(file->compensated_file_size >= file->fd.GetFileSize());
-    // Compact down L0s with more deletions.
-    l0_size += file->compensated_file_size;
+    l0_size += file->fd.GetFileSize();
  }
-
-  // Avoid L0->Lbase compactions that are inefficient for write-amp.
-  const double kMultiplier =
-      std::max(10.0, mutable_cf_options_.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier) * 2;
-  const uint64_t min_lbase_size = MultiplyCheckOverflow(l0_size, kMultiplier);
+  const uint64_t min_lbase_size =
+      l0_size * static_cast<uint64_t>(std::max(
+                    10.0, mutable_cf_options_.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier));
  assert(min_lbase_size >= l0_size);
  const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& lbase_files =
      vstorage_->LevelFiles(/*level=*/base_level);
@@ -975,9 +962,7 @@ bool LevelCompactionBuilder::PickSizeBasedIntraL0Compaction() {

 Compaction* LevelCompactionPicker::PickCompaction(
    const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-    const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& /*existing_snapshots */,
-    const SnapshotChecker* /*snapshot_checker*/, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
    LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
  LevelCompactionBuilder builder(cf_name, vstorage, this, log_buffer,
                                 mutable_cf_options, ioptions_,
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ class LevelCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
  LevelCompactionPicker(const ImmutableOptions& ioptions,
                        const InternalKeyComparator* icmp)
      : CompactionPicker(ioptions, icmp) {}
-  Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& /* existing_snapshots */,
-      const SnapshotChecker* /* snapshot_checker */,
-      VersionStorageInfo* vstorage, LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;
+  Compaction* PickCompaction(const std::string& cf_name,
+                             const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+                             const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
+                             VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+                             LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;

  bool NeedsCompaction(const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage) const override;
 };
@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
  UniversalCompactionBuilder(
      const ImmutableOptions& ioptions, const InternalKeyComparator* icmp,
      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-      const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
      UniversalCompactionPicker* picker, LogBuffer* log_buffer)
      : ioptions_(ioptions),
        icmp_(icmp),
@@ -46,19 +44,7 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
        mutable_db_options_(mutable_db_options),
        vstorage_(vstorage),
        picker_(picker),
-        log_buffer_(log_buffer) {
-    assert(icmp_);
-    const auto* ucmp = icmp_->user_comparator();
-    assert(ucmp);
-    // These parameters are only passed when user-defined timestamp is not
-    // enabled.
-    if (ucmp->timestamp_size() == 0) {
-      earliest_snapshot_ = existing_snapshots.empty()
-                               ? kMaxSequenceNumber
-                               : existing_snapshots.at(0);
-      snapshot_checker_ = snapshot_checker;
-    }
-  }
+        log_buffer_(log_buffer) {}

  // Form and return the compaction object. The caller owns return object.
  Compaction* PickCompaction();
@@ -66,15 +52,12 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
 private:
  struct SortedRun {
    SortedRun(int _level, FileMetaData* _file, uint64_t _size,
-              uint64_t _compensated_file_size, bool _being_compacted,
-              bool _level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel)
+              uint64_t _compensated_file_size, bool _being_compacted)
        : level(_level),
          file(_file),
          size(_size),
          compensated_file_size(_compensated_file_size),
-          being_compacted(_being_compacted),
-          level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel(
-              _level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+          being_compacted(_being_compacted) {
      assert(compensated_file_size > 0);
      assert(level != 0 || file != nullptr);
    }
@@ -96,10 +79,6 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
    uint64_t size;
    uint64_t compensated_file_size;
    bool being_compacted;
-    // True if this level has any file that is a standalone range deletion file
-    // marked for compaction. Best effort is made to make only deletion
-    // triggered compaction pick this type of file.
-    bool level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel;
  };

  // Pick Universal compaction to limit read amplification
@@ -119,11 +98,6 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {

  Compaction* PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction();

-  // Returns true if this given file (that is marked be compaction) should be
-  // skipped from being picked for now. We do this to best use standalone range
-  // tombstone files.
-  bool ShouldSkipMarkedFile(const FileMetaData* file) const;
-
  // Form a compaction from the sorted run indicated by start_index to the
  // oldest sorted run.
  // The caller is responsible for making sure that those files are not in
@@ -142,7 +116,7 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {

  bool ShouldSkipLastSortedRunForSizeAmpCompaction() const {
    assert(!sorted_runs_.empty());
-    return mutable_cf_options_.preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0 &&
+    return ioptions_.preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0 &&
           ioptions_.num_levels > 2 &&
           sorted_runs_.back().level == ioptions_.num_levels - 1 &&
           sorted_runs_.size() > 1;
@@ -253,27 +227,15 @@ class UniversalCompactionBuilder {
  const InternalKeyComparator* icmp_;
  double score_;
  std::vector<SortedRun> sorted_runs_;
-  uint64_t max_run_size_;
  const std::string& cf_name_;
  const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options_;
  const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options_;
  VersionStorageInfo* vstorage_;
  UniversalCompactionPicker* picker_;
  LogBuffer* log_buffer_;
-  // Optional earliest snapshot at time of compaction picking. This is only
-  // provided if the column family doesn't enable user-defined timestamps.
-  // And this information is only passed to `Compaction` picked by deletion
-  // triggered compaction for possible optimizations.
-  std::optional<SequenceNumber> earliest_snapshot_;
-  const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker_;
-  // Mapping from file id to its index in the sorted run for the files that are
-  // marked for compaction. This is only populated when snapshot info is
-  // populated.
-  std::map<uint64_t, size_t> file_marked_for_compaction_to_sorted_run_index_;

-  std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun> CalculateSortedRuns(
-      const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level,
-      uint64_t* max_run_size);
+  static std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun> CalculateSortedRuns(
+      const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level);

  // Pick a path ID to place a newly generated file, with its estimated file
  // size.
@@ -430,13 +392,11 @@ bool UniversalCompactionPicker::NeedsCompaction(

 Compaction* UniversalCompactionPicker::PickCompaction(
    const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-    const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-    const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
    LogBuffer* log_buffer) {
-  UniversalCompactionBuilder builder(
-      ioptions_, icmp_, cf_name, mutable_cf_options, mutable_db_options,
-      existing_snapshots, snapshot_checker, vstorage, this, log_buffer);
+  UniversalCompactionBuilder builder(ioptions_, icmp_, cf_name,
+                                     mutable_cf_options, mutable_db_options,
+                                     vstorage, this, log_buffer);
  return builder.PickCompaction();
 }

@@ -480,26 +440,16 @@ void UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun::DumpSizeInfo(

 std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun>
 UniversalCompactionBuilder::CalculateSortedRuns(
-    const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level,
-    uint64_t* max_run_size) {
-  assert(max_run_size);
-  *max_run_size = 0;
+    const VersionStorageInfo& vstorage, int last_level) {
  std::vector<UniversalCompactionBuilder::SortedRun> ret;
  for (FileMetaData* f : vstorage.LevelFiles(0)) {
-    if (earliest_snapshot_.has_value() && f->marked_for_compaction) {
-      file_marked_for_compaction_to_sorted_run_index_.emplace(f->fd.GetNumber(),
-                                                              ret.size());
-    }
-    ret.emplace_back(
-        0, f, f->fd.GetFileSize(), f->compensated_file_size, f->being_compacted,
-        f->marked_for_compaction && f->FileIsStandAloneRangeTombstone());
-    *max_run_size = std::max(*max_run_size, f->fd.GetFileSize());
+    ret.emplace_back(0, f, f->fd.GetFileSize(), f->compensated_file_size,
+                     f->being_compacted);
  }
  for (int level = 1; level <= last_level; level++) {
    uint64_t total_compensated_size = 0U;
    uint64_t total_size = 0U;
    bool being_compacted = false;
-    bool level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel = false;
    for (FileMetaData* f : vstorage.LevelFiles(level)) {
      total_compensated_size += f->compensated_file_size;
      total_size += f->fd.GetFileSize();
@@ -511,57 +461,15 @@ UniversalCompactionBuilder::CalculateSortedRuns(
      if (f->being_compacted) {
        being_compacted = f->being_compacted;
      }
-      level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel =
-          level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel ||
-          (f->marked_for_compaction && f->FileIsStandAloneRangeTombstone());
-      if (earliest_snapshot_.has_value() && f->marked_for_compaction) {
-        file_marked_for_compaction_to_sorted_run_index_.emplace(
-            f->fd.GetNumber(), ret.size());
-      }
    }
    if (total_compensated_size > 0) {
      ret.emplace_back(level, nullptr, total_size, total_compensated_size,
-                       being_compacted, level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel);
+                       being_compacted);
    }
-    *max_run_size = std::max(*max_run_size, total_size);
  }
  return ret;
 }

-bool UniversalCompactionBuilder::ShouldSkipMarkedFile(
-    const FileMetaData* file) const {
-  assert(file->marked_for_compaction);
-  if (!earliest_snapshot_.has_value()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (!file->FileIsStandAloneRangeTombstone()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  // Skip until earliest snapshot advances at or above this standalone range
-  // tombstone file. `DB::ReleaseSnapshot` will re-examine and schedule
-  // compaction for it.
-  if (!DataIsDefinitelyInSnapshot(file->fd.largest_seqno,
-                                  earliest_snapshot_.value(),
-                                  snapshot_checker_)) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  auto iter = file_marked_for_compaction_to_sorted_run_index_.find(
-      file->fd.GetNumber());
-  assert(iter != file_marked_for_compaction_to_sorted_run_index_.end());
-  size_t idx = iter->second;
-  const SortedRun* succeeding_sorted_run =
-      idx < sorted_runs_.size() - 1 ? &sorted_runs_[idx + 1] : nullptr;
-  // Marked standalone range tombstone file is best used if it's in the start
-  // input level. Skip to let that compaction happen first.
-  if (succeeding_sorted_run &&
-      succeeding_sorted_run->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
 // Universal style of compaction. Pick files that are contiguous in
 // time-range to compact.
 Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
@@ -569,16 +477,13 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
  score_ = vstorage_->CompactionScore(kLevel0);
  int max_output_level =
      vstorage_->MaxOutputLevel(ioptions_.allow_ingest_behind);
-  max_run_size_ = 0;
-  sorted_runs_ =
-      CalculateSortedRuns(*vstorage_, max_output_level, &max_run_size_);
-  int file_num_compaction_trigger =
-      mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
+  sorted_runs_ = CalculateSortedRuns(*vstorage_, max_output_level);

  if (sorted_runs_.size() == 0 ||
      (vstorage_->FilesMarkedForPeriodicCompaction().empty() &&
       vstorage_->FilesMarkedForCompaction().empty() &&
-       sorted_runs_.size() < (unsigned int)file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
+       sorted_runs_.size() < (unsigned int)mutable_cf_options_
+                                 .level0_file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
    ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_, "[%s] Universal: nothing to do\n",
                     cf_name_.c_str());
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
@@ -600,9 +505,11 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("PostPickPeriodicCompaction", c);
  }

+  // Check for size amplification.
  if (c == nullptr &&
-      sorted_runs_.size() >= static_cast<size_t>(file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
-    // Check for size amplification.
+      sorted_runs_.size() >=
+          static_cast<size_t>(
+              mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger)) {
    if ((c = PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmp()) != nullptr) {
      TEST_SYNC_POINT("PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmpReturnNonnullptr");
      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_, "[%s] Universal: compacting for size amp\n",
@@ -620,78 +527,34 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction() {
                         cf_name_.c_str());
      } else {
        // Size amplification and file size ratios are within configured limits.
-        // If max read amplification exceeds configured limits, then force
-        // compaction to reduce the number sorted runs without looking at file
-        // size ratios.
-
+        // If max read amplification is exceeding configured limits, then force
+        // compaction without looking at filesize ratios and try to reduce
+        // the number of files to fewer than level0_file_num_compaction_trigger.
        // This is guaranteed by NeedsCompaction()
        assert(sorted_runs_.size() >=
-               static_cast<size_t>(file_num_compaction_trigger));
-        int max_num_runs =
-            mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.max_read_amp;
-        if (max_num_runs < 0) {
-          // any value < -1 is not valid
-          assert(max_num_runs == -1);
-          // By default, fall back to `level0_file_num_compaction_trigger`
-          max_num_runs = file_num_compaction_trigger;
-        } else if (max_num_runs == 0) {
-          if (mutable_cf_options_.compaction_options_universal.stop_style ==
-              kCompactionStopStyleTotalSize) {
-            // 0 means auto-tuning by RocksDB. We estimate max num run based on
-            // max_run_size, size_ratio and write buffer size:
-            // Assume the size of the lowest level size is equal to
-            // write_buffer_size. Each subsequent level is the max size without
-            // triggering size_ratio compaction. `max_num_runs` is the minimum
-            // number of levels required such that the target size of the
-            // largest level is at least `max_run_size_`.
-            max_num_runs = 1;
-            double cur_level_max_size =
-                static_cast<double>(mutable_cf_options_.write_buffer_size);
-            double total_run_size = 0;
-            while (cur_level_max_size < static_cast<double>(max_run_size_)) {
-              // This loop should not take too many iterations since
-              // cur_level_max_size at least doubles each iteration.
-              total_run_size += cur_level_max_size;
-              cur_level_max_size = (100.0 + ratio) / 100.0 * total_run_size;
-              ++max_num_runs;
-            }
-          } else {
-            // TODO: implement the auto-tune logic for this stop style
-            max_num_runs = file_num_compaction_trigger;
-          }
-        } else {
-          // max_num_runs > 0, it's the limit on the number of sorted run
-        }
+               static_cast<size_t>(
+                   mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger));
        // Get the total number of sorted runs that are not being compacted
        int num_sr_not_compacted = 0;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < sorted_runs_.size(); i++) {
-          if (sorted_runs_[i].being_compacted == false &&
-              !sorted_runs_[i].level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+          if (sorted_runs_[i].being_compacted == false) {
            num_sr_not_compacted++;
          }
        }

        // The number of sorted runs that are not being compacted is greater
        // than the maximum allowed number of sorted runs
-        if (num_sr_not_compacted > max_num_runs) {
-          unsigned int num_files = num_sr_not_compacted - max_num_runs + 1;
+        if (num_sr_not_compacted >
+            mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger) {
+          unsigned int num_files =
+              num_sr_not_compacted -
+              mutable_cf_options_.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger + 1;
          if ((c = PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(UINT_MAX, num_files)) !=
              nullptr) {
            ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
-                             "[%s] Universal: compacting for file num, to "
-                             "compact file num -- %u, max num runs allowed"
-                             "-- %d, max_run_size -- %" PRIu64 "\n",
-                             cf_name_.c_str(), num_files, max_num_runs,
-                             max_run_size_);
+                             "[%s] Universal: compacting for file num -- %u\n",
+                             cf_name_.c_str(), num_files);
          }
-        } else {
-          ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-              log_buffer_,
-              "[%s] Universal: skipping compaction for file num, num runs not "
-              "being compacted -- %u, max num runs allowed -- %d, max_run_size "
-              "-- %" PRIu64 "\n",
-              cf_name_.c_str(), num_sr_not_compacted, max_num_runs,
-              max_run_size_);
        }
      }
    }
@@ -829,24 +692,16 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(
    for (sr = nullptr; loop < sorted_runs_.size(); loop++) {
      sr = &sorted_runs_[loop];

-      if (!sr->being_compacted && !sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+      if (!sr->being_compacted) {
        candidate_count = 1;
        break;
      }
      char file_num_buf[kFormatFileNumberBufSize];
      sr->Dump(file_num_buf, sizeof(file_num_buf));
-      if (sr->being_compacted) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
-                         "[%s] Universal: %s"
-                         "[%d] being compacted, skipping",
-                         cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, loop);
-      } else if (sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
-                         "[%s] Universal: %s"
-                         "[%d] has standalone range tombstone files marked for "
-                         "compaction, skipping",
-                         cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, loop);
-      }
+      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
+                       "[%s] Universal: %s"
+                       "[%d] being compacted, skipping",
+                       cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, loop);

      sr = nullptr;
    }
@@ -867,8 +722,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(
         candidate_count < max_files_to_compact && i < sorted_runs_.size();
         i++) {
      const SortedRun* succeeding_sr = &sorted_runs_[i];
-      if (succeeding_sr->being_compacted ||
-          succeeding_sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+      if (succeeding_sr->being_compacted) {
        break;
      }
      // Pick files if the total/last candidate file size (increased by the
@@ -994,11 +848,11 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(
    grandparents = vstorage_->LevelFiles(sorted_runs_[first_index_after].level);
  }

-  if (output_level != 0 && picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
-                               inputs, output_level,
-                               Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-                                   vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_, ioptions_,
-                                   start_level, output_level))) {
+  if (output_level != 0 &&
+      picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
+          inputs, output_level,
+          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, ioptions_,
+                                               start_level, output_level))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  CompactionReason compaction_reason;
@@ -1018,8 +872,6 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSortedRuns(
                                              output_level, enable_compression),
                        mutable_cf_options_.default_write_temperature,
                        /* max_subcompactions */ 0, grandparents,
-                        /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-                        /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
                        /* is manual */ false, /* trim_ts */ "", score_,
                        false /* deletion_compaction */,
                        /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true, compaction_reason);
@@ -1036,8 +888,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmp() {
  const size_t end_index = ShouldSkipLastSortedRunForSizeAmpCompaction()
                               ? sorted_runs_.size() - 2
                               : sorted_runs_.size() - 1;
-  if (sorted_runs_[end_index].being_compacted ||
-      sorted_runs_[end_index].level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+  if (sorted_runs_[end_index].being_compacted) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  const uint64_t base_sr_size = sorted_runs_[end_index].size;
@@ -1048,23 +899,14 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionToReduceSizeAmp() {
  // Get longest span (i.e, [start_index, end_index]) of available sorted runs
  while (start_index > 0) {
    const SortedRun* sr = &sorted_runs_[start_index - 1];
-    if (sr->being_compacted || sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+    if (sr->being_compacted) {
      char file_num_buf[kFormatFileNumberBufSize];
      sr->Dump(file_num_buf, sizeof(file_num_buf), true);
-      if (sr->being_compacted) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-            log_buffer_,
-            "[%s] Universal: stopping at sorted run undergoing compaction: "
-            "%s[%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt "]",
-            cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, start_index - 1);
-      } else if (sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-            log_buffer_,
-            "[%s] Universal: stopping at sorted run that has standalone range "
-            "tombstone files marked for compaction: "
-            "%s[%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt "]",
-            cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, start_index - 1);
-      }
+      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
+          log_buffer_,
+          "[%s] Universal: stopping at sorted run undergoing compaction: "
+          "%s[%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt "]",
+          cf_name_.c_str(), file_num_buf, start_index - 1);
      break;
    }
    candidate_size += sr->compensated_file_size;
@@ -1297,8 +1139,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickIncrementalForReduceSizeAmp(
  // from bottom_start_idx and bottom_end_idx, but for now, we use
  // SetupOtherInputs() for simplicity.
  int parent_index = -1;  // Create and use bottom_start_idx?
-  if (!picker_->SetupOtherInputs(cf_name_, mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_,
-                                 &second_last_level_inputs,
+  if (!picker_->SetupOtherInputs(cf_name_, vstorage_, &second_last_level_inputs,
                                 &bottom_level_inputs, &parent_index,
                                 /*base_index=*/-1)) {
    return nullptr;
@@ -1343,11 +1184,11 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickIncrementalForReduceSizeAmp(
  }

  // intra L0 compactions outputs could have overlap
-  if (output_level != 0 && picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
-                               inputs, output_level,
-                               Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-                                   vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_, ioptions_,
-                                   start_level, output_level))) {
+  if (output_level != 0 &&
+      picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
+          inputs, output_level,
+          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, ioptions_,
+                                               start_level, output_level))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

@@ -1364,10 +1205,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickIncrementalForReduceSizeAmp(
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_, output_level,
                            true /* enable_compression */),
      mutable_cf_options_.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, /* grandparents */ {},
-      /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      /* is manual */ false,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, /* grandparents */ {}, /* is manual */ false,
      /* trim_ts */ "", score_, false /* deletion_compaction */,
      /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
      CompactionReason::kUniversalSizeAmplification);
@@ -1398,7 +1236,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {
        continue;
      }
      FileMetaData* f = vstorage_->LevelFiles(0)[loop];
-      if (f->marked_for_compaction && !ShouldSkipMarkedFile(f)) {
+      if (f->marked_for_compaction) {
        start_level_inputs.files.push_back(f);
        start_index =
            static_cast<int>(loop);  // Consider this as the first candidate.
@@ -1412,7 +1250,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {

    for (size_t loop = start_index + 1; loop < sorted_runs_.size(); loop++) {
      SortedRun* sr = &sorted_runs_[loop];
-      if (sr->being_compacted || sr->level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+      if (sr->being_compacted) {
        break;
      }

@@ -1431,10 +1269,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {
    // leveled. We pick one of the files marked for compaction and compact with
    // overlapping files in the adjacent level.
    picker_->PickFilesMarkedForCompaction(cf_name_, vstorage_, &start_level,
-                                          &output_level, &start_level_inputs,
-                                          [this](const FileMetaData* file) {
-                                            return ShouldSkipMarkedFile(file);
-                                          });
+                                          &output_level, &start_level_inputs);
    if (start_level_inputs.empty()) {
      return nullptr;
    }
@@ -1475,9 +1310,8 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {
      int parent_index = -1;

      output_level_inputs.level = output_level;
-      if (!picker_->SetupOtherInputs(cf_name_, mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_,
-                                     &start_level_inputs, &output_level_inputs,
-                                     &parent_index, -1)) {
+      if (!picker_->SetupOtherInputs(cf_name_, vstorage_, &start_level_inputs,
+                                     &output_level_inputs, &parent_index, -1)) {
        return nullptr;
      }
      inputs.push_back(start_level_inputs);
@@ -1487,8 +1321,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {
      if (picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
              inputs, output_level,
              Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-                  vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_, ioptions_, start_level,
-                  output_level))) {
+                  vstorage_, ioptions_, start_level, output_level))) {
        return nullptr;
      }

@@ -1515,9 +1348,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickDeleteTriggeredCompaction() {
      GetCompressionType(vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_, output_level, 1),
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_, output_level),
      mutable_cf_options_.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, grandparents, earliest_snapshot_,
-      snapshot_checker_,
-      /* is manual */ false,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, grandparents, /* is manual */ false,
      /* trim_ts */ "", score_, false /* deletion_compaction */,
      /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true,
      CompactionReason::kFilesMarkedForCompaction);
@@ -1588,11 +1419,11 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionWithSortedRunRange(
  }

  // intra L0 compactions outputs could have overlap
-  if (output_level != 0 && picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
-                               inputs, output_level,
-                               Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(
-                                   vstorage_, mutable_cf_options_, ioptions_,
-                                   start_level, output_level))) {
+  if (output_level != 0 &&
+      picker_->FilesRangeOverlapWithCompaction(
+          inputs, output_level,
+          Compaction::EvaluatePenultimateLevel(vstorage_, ioptions_,
+                                               start_level, output_level))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

@@ -1610,10 +1441,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompactionWithSortedRunRange(
      GetCompressionOptions(mutable_cf_options_, vstorage_, output_level,
                            true /* enable_compression */),
      mutable_cf_options_.default_write_temperature,
-      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, /* grandparents */ {},
-      /* earliest_snapshot */ std::nullopt,
-      /* snapshot_checker */ nullptr,
-      /* is manual */ false,
+      /* max_subcompactions */ 0, /* grandparents */ {}, /* is manual */ false,
      /* trim_ts */ "", score_, false /* deletion_compaction */,
      /* l0_files_might_overlap */ true, compaction_reason);
 }
@@ -1634,8 +1462,7 @@ Compaction* UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickPeriodicCompaction() {
  // included in the compaction.

  size_t start_index = sorted_runs_.size();
-  while (start_index > 0 && !sorted_runs_[start_index - 1].being_compacted &&
-         !sorted_runs_[start_index - 1].level_has_marked_standalone_rangedel) {
+  while (start_index > 0 && !sorted_runs_[start_index - 1].being_compacted) {
    start_index--;
  }
  if (start_index == sorted_runs_.size()) {
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include "db/compaction/compaction_picker.h"
-#include "db/snapshot_checker.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 class UniversalCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
@@ -18,12 +17,11 @@ class UniversalCompactionPicker : public CompactionPicker {
  UniversalCompactionPicker(const ImmutableOptions& ioptions,
                            const InternalKeyComparator* icmp)
      : CompactionPicker(ioptions, icmp) {}
-  Compaction* PickCompaction(
-      const std::string& cf_name, const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-      const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
-      const std::vector<SequenceNumber>& existing_snapshots,
-      const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
-      LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;
+  Compaction* PickCompaction(const std::string& cf_name,
+                             const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
+                             const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options,
+                             VersionStorageInfo* vstorage,
+                             LogBuffer* log_buffer) override;
  int MaxOutputLevel() const override { return NumberLevels() - 1; }

  bool NeedsCompaction(const VersionStorageInfo* vstorage) const override;
@@ -39,8 +39,12 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
          MakeTableFileName(file->fd.GetNumber()));
    }
  }
-
-  compaction_input.cf_name = compaction->column_family_data()->GetName();
+  compaction_input.column_family.name =
+      compaction->column_family_data()->GetName();
+  compaction_input.column_family.options =
+      compaction->column_family_data()->GetLatestCFOptions();
+  compaction_input.db_options =
+      BuildDBOptions(db_options_, mutable_db_options_copy_);
  compaction_input.snapshots = existing_snapshots_;
  compaction_input.has_begin = sub_compact->start.has_value();
  compaction_input.begin =
@@ -48,14 +52,6 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
  compaction_input.has_end = sub_compact->end.has_value();
  compaction_input.end =
      compaction_input.has_end ? sub_compact->end->ToString() : "";
-  compaction_input.options_file_number =
-      sub_compact->compaction->input_version()
-          ->version_set()
-          ->options_file_number();
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
-      "CompactionServiceJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService",
-      &compaction_input);

  std::string compaction_input_binary;
  Status s = compaction_input.Write(&compaction_input_binary);
@@ -74,13 +70,10 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
      db_options_.info_log,
      "[%s] [JOB %d] Starting remote compaction (output level: %d): %s",
-      compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_,
+      compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_,
      compaction_input.output_level, input_files_oss.str().c_str());
-  CompactionServiceJobInfo info(
-      dbname_, db_id_, db_session_id_, GetCompactionId(sub_compact),
-      thread_pri_, compaction->compaction_reason(),
-      compaction->is_full_compaction(), compaction->is_manual_compaction(),
-      compaction->bottommost_level());
+  CompactionServiceJobInfo info(dbname_, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+                                GetCompactionId(sub_compact), thread_pri_);
  CompactionServiceScheduleResponse response =
      db_options_.compaction_service->Schedule(info, compaction_input_binary);
  switch (response.status) {
@@ -91,14 +84,13 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
          "CompactionService failed to schedule a remote compaction job.");
      ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
                     "[%s] [JOB %d] Remote compaction failed to start.",
-                     compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(),
-                     job_id_);
+                     compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_);
      return response.status;
    case CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal:
      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
          db_options_.info_log,
          "[%s] [JOB %d] Remote compaction fallback to local by API (Schedule)",
-          compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_);
+          compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_);
      return response.status;
    default:
      assert(false);  // unknown status
@@ -107,7 +99,7 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(

  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log,
                 "[%s] [JOB %d] Waiting for remote compaction...",
-                 compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_);
+                 compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_);
  std::string compaction_result_binary;
  CompactionServiceJobStatus compaction_status =
      db_options_.compaction_service->Wait(response.scheduled_job_id,
@@ -117,7 +109,7 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
        db_options_.info_log,
        "[%s] [JOB %d] Remote compaction fallback to local by API (Wait)",
-        compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_);
+        compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_);
    return compaction_status;
  }

@@ -142,19 +134,15 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
          "result is returned).");
      compaction_result.status.PermitUncheckedError();
    }
-    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
-        db_options_.info_log, "[%s] [JOB %d] Remote compaction failed.",
-        compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_);
+    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
+                   "[%s] [JOB %d] Remote compaction failed.",
+                   compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_);
    return compaction_status;
  }

-  // CompactionServiceJobStatus::kSuccess was returned, but somehow we failed to
-  // read the result. Consider this as an installation failure
  if (!s.ok()) {
    sub_compact->status = s;
    compaction_result.status.PermitUncheckedError();
-    db_options_.compaction_service->OnInstallation(
-        response.scheduled_job_id, CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure);
    return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure;
  }
  sub_compact->status = compaction_result.status;
@@ -166,14 +154,18 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    is_first_one = false;
  }

-  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
-      db_options_.info_log,
-      "[%s] [JOB %d] Received remote compaction result, output path: "
-      "%s, files: %s",
-      compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_,
-      compaction_result.output_path.c_str(), output_files_oss.str().c_str());
+  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log,
+                 "[%s] [JOB %d] Receive remote compaction result, output path: "
+                 "%s, files: %s",
+                 compaction_input.column_family.name.c_str(), job_id_,
+                 compaction_result.output_path.c_str(),
+                 output_files_oss.str().c_str());
+
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    sub_compact->status = s;
+    return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure;
+  }

-  // Installation Starts
  for (const auto& file : compaction_result.output_files) {
    uint64_t file_num = versions_->NewFileNumber();
    auto src_file = compaction_result.output_path + "/" + file.file_name;
@@ -182,8 +174,6 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    s = fs_->RenameFile(src_file, tgt_file, IOOptions(), nullptr);
    if (!s.ok()) {
      sub_compact->status = s;
-      db_options_.compaction_service->OnInstallation(
-          response.scheduled_job_id, CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure);
      return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure;
    }

@@ -192,8 +182,6 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    s = fs_->GetFileSize(tgt_file, IOOptions(), &file_size, nullptr);
    if (!s.ok()) {
      sub_compact->status = s;
-      db_options_.compaction_service->OnInstallation(
-          response.scheduled_job_id, CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure);
      return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure;
    }
    meta.fd = FileDescriptor(file_num, compaction->output_path_id(), file_size,
@@ -203,8 +191,6 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    meta.oldest_ancester_time = file.oldest_ancester_time;
    meta.file_creation_time = file.file_creation_time;
    meta.epoch_number = file.epoch_number;
-    meta.file_checksum = file.file_checksum;
-    meta.file_checksum_func_name = file.file_checksum_func_name;
    meta.marked_for_compaction = file.marked_for_compaction;
    meta.unique_id = file.unique_id;

@@ -212,19 +198,14 @@ CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(
    sub_compact->Current().AddOutput(std::move(meta),
                                     cfd->internal_comparator(), false, true,
                                     file.paranoid_hash);
-    sub_compact->Current().UpdateTableProperties(file.table_properties);
  }
  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats = compaction_result.stats;
  sub_compact->Current().SetNumOutputRecords(
-      compaction_result.stats.num_output_records);
-  sub_compact->Current().SetNumOutputFiles(
-      compaction_result.stats.num_output_files);
-  sub_compact->Current().AddBytesWritten(compaction_result.bytes_written);
+      compaction_result.num_output_records);
+  sub_compact->Current().SetTotalBytes(compaction_result.total_bytes);
  RecordTick(stats_, REMOTE_COMPACT_READ_BYTES, compaction_result.bytes_read);
  RecordTick(stats_, REMOTE_COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES,
             compaction_result.bytes_written);
-  db_options_.compaction_service->OnInstallation(
-      response.scheduled_job_id, CompactionServiceJobStatus::kSuccess);
  return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kSuccess;
 }

@@ -239,18 +220,6 @@ void CompactionServiceCompactionJob::RecordCompactionIOStats() {
  CompactionJob::RecordCompactionIOStats();
 }

-void CompactionServiceCompactionJob::UpdateCompactionJobStats(
-    const InternalStats::CompactionStats& stats) const {
-  compaction_job_stats_->elapsed_micros = stats.micros;
-
-  // output information only in remote compaction
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_output_bytes = stats.bytes_written;
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_output_bytes_blob = stats.bytes_written_blob;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_records = stats.num_output_records;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_files = stats.num_output_files;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_files_blob = stats.num_output_files_blob;
-}
-
 CompactionServiceCompactionJob::CompactionServiceCompactionJob(
    int job_id, Compaction* compaction, const ImmutableDBOptions& db_options,
    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, const FileOptions& file_options,
@@ -286,11 +255,11 @@ Status CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run() {

  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
  assert(c->column_family_data() != nullptr);
-  const VersionStorageInfo* storage_info = c->input_version()->storage_info();
-  assert(storage_info);
-  assert(storage_info->NumLevelFiles(compact_->compaction->level()) > 0);
-  write_hint_ = storage_info->CalculateSSTWriteHint(c->output_level());
+  assert(c->column_family_data()->current()->storage_info()->NumLevelFiles(
+             compact_->compaction->level()) > 0);

+  write_hint_ =
+      c->column_family_data()->CalculateSSTWriteHint(c->output_level());
  bottommost_level_ = c->bottommost_level();

  Slice begin = compaction_input_.begin;
@@ -305,12 +274,7 @@ Status CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run() {

  log_buffer_->FlushBufferToLog();
  LogCompaction();
-
-  compaction_result_->stats.Reset();
-
  const uint64_t start_micros = db_options_.clock->NowMicros();
-  c->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();
-
  // Pick the only sub-compaction we should have
  assert(compact_->sub_compact_states.size() == 1);
  SubcompactionState* sub_compact = compact_->sub_compact_states.data();
@@ -348,50 +312,38 @@ Status CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run() {
  if (status.ok()) {
    status = io_s;
  }
+  if (status.ok()) {
+    // TODO: Add verify_table()
+  }
+
+  // Finish up all book-keeping to unify the subcompaction results
+  compact_->AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats_, *compaction_job_stats_);
+  UpdateCompactionStats();
+  RecordCompactionIOStats();

  LogFlush(db_options_.info_log);
  compact_->status = status;
  compact_->status.PermitUncheckedError();

-  // Build Compaction Job Stats
-
-  // 1. Aggregate CompactionOutputStats into Internal Compaction Stats
-  // (compaction_stats_) and aggregate Compaction Job Stats
-  // (compaction_job_stats_) from the sub compactions
-  compact_->AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats_, *compaction_job_stats_);
-
-  // 2. Update the Output information in the Compaction Job Stats with
-  // aggregated Internal Compaction Stats.
-  UpdateCompactionJobStats(compaction_stats_.stats);
-
-  // 3. Set fields that are not propagated as part of aggregations above
-  compaction_result_->stats.is_manual_compaction = c->is_manual_compaction();
-  compaction_result_->stats.is_full_compaction = c->is_full_compaction();
-  compaction_result_->stats.is_remote_compaction = true;
-
-  // 4. Update IO Stats that are not part of the aggregations above (bytes_read,
-  // bytes_written)
-  RecordCompactionIOStats();
-
-  // Build Output
+  // Build compaction result
  compaction_result_->output_level = compact_->compaction->output_level();
  compaction_result_->output_path = output_path_;
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    for (const auto& output_file : sub_compact->GetOutputs()) {
-      auto& meta = output_file.meta;
-      compaction_result_->output_files.emplace_back(
-          MakeTableFileName(meta.fd.GetNumber()), meta.fd.smallest_seqno,
-          meta.fd.largest_seqno, meta.smallest.Encode().ToString(),
-          meta.largest.Encode().ToString(), meta.oldest_ancester_time,
-          meta.file_creation_time, meta.epoch_number, meta.file_checksum,
-          meta.file_checksum_func_name, output_file.validator.GetHash(),
-          meta.marked_for_compaction, meta.unique_id,
-          *output_file.table_properties);
-    }
+  for (const auto& output_file : sub_compact->GetOutputs()) {
+    auto& meta = output_file.meta;
+    compaction_result_->output_files.emplace_back(
+        MakeTableFileName(meta.fd.GetNumber()), meta.fd.smallest_seqno,
+        meta.fd.largest_seqno, meta.smallest.Encode().ToString(),
+        meta.largest.Encode().ToString(), meta.oldest_ancester_time,
+        meta.file_creation_time, meta.epoch_number,
+        output_file.validator.GetHash(), meta.marked_for_compaction,
+        meta.unique_id);
  }
+  InternalStats::CompactionStatsFull compaction_stats;
+  sub_compact->AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats);
+  compaction_result_->num_output_records =
+      compaction_stats.stats.num_output_records;
+  compaction_result_->total_bytes = compaction_stats.TotalBytesWritten();

-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run:0",
-                           &compaction_result_);
  return status;
 }

@@ -444,9 +396,42 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo> cfd_type_info = {
 };

 static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo> cs_input_type_info = {
-    {"cf_name",
-     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, cf_name),
-      OptionType::kEncodedString}},
+    {"column_family",
+     OptionTypeInfo::Struct(
+         "column_family", &cfd_type_info,
+         offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, column_family),
+         OptionVerificationType::kNormal, OptionTypeFlags::kNone)},
+    {"db_options",
+     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, db_options),
+      OptionType::kConfigurable, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
+      OptionTypeFlags::kNone,
+      [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& /*name*/,
+         const std::string& value, void* addr) {
+        auto options = static_cast<DBOptions*>(addr);
+        return GetDBOptionsFromString(opts, DBOptions(), value, options);
+      },
+      [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& /*name*/,
+         const void* addr, std::string* value) {
+        const auto options = static_cast<const DBOptions*>(addr);
+        std::string result;
+        auto status = GetStringFromDBOptions(opts, *options, &result);
+        *value = "{" + result + "}";
+        return status;
+      },
+      [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& name, const void* addr1,
+         const void* addr2, std::string* mismatch) {
+        const auto this_one = static_cast<const DBOptions*>(addr1);
+        const auto that_one = static_cast<const DBOptions*>(addr2);
+        auto this_conf = DBOptionsAsConfigurable(*this_one);
+        auto that_conf = DBOptionsAsConfigurable(*that_one);
+        std::string mismatch_opt;
+        bool result =
+            this_conf->AreEquivalent(opts, that_conf.get(), &mismatch_opt);
+        if (!result) {
+          *mismatch = name + "." + mismatch_opt;
+        }
+        return result;
+      }}},
    {"snapshots", OptionTypeInfo::Vector<uint64_t>(
                      offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, snapshots),
                      OptionVerificationType::kNormal, OptionTypeFlags::kNone,
@@ -474,10 +459,6 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo> cs_input_type_info = {
    {"end",
     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, end), OptionType::kEncodedString,
      OptionVerificationType::kNormal, OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
-    {"options_file_number",
-     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceInput, options_file_number),
-      OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
-      OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
 };

 static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo>
@@ -514,14 +495,6 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo>
         {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, epoch_number),
          OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
          OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
-        {"file_checksum",
-         {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, file_checksum),
-          OptionType::kEncodedString, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
-          OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
-        {"file_checksum_func_name",
-         {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, file_checksum_func_name),
-          OptionType::kEncodedString, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
-          OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
        {"paranoid_hash",
         {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, paranoid_hash),
          OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
@@ -535,30 +508,7 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo>
             offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, unique_id),
             OptionVerificationType::kNormal, OptionTypeFlags::kNone,
             {0, OptionType::kUInt64T})},
-        {"table_properties",
-         {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceOutputFile, table_properties),
-          OptionType::kStruct, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
-          OptionTypeFlags::kNone,
-          [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& /*name*/,
-             const std::string& value, void* addr) {
-            auto table_properties = static_cast<TableProperties*>(addr);
-            return TableProperties::Parse(opts, value, table_properties);
-          },
-          [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& /*name*/,
-             const void* addr, std::string* value) {
-            const auto table_properties =
-                static_cast<const TableProperties*>(addr);
-            std::string result;
-            auto status = table_properties->Serialize(opts, &result);
-            *value = "{" + result + "}";
-            return status;
-          },
-          [](const ConfigOptions& opts, const std::string& /*name*/,
-             const void* addr1, const void* addr2, std::string* mismatch) {
-            const auto this_one = static_cast<const TableProperties*>(addr1);
-            const auto that_one = static_cast<const TableProperties*>(addr2);
-            return this_one->AreEqual(opts, that_one, mismatch);
-          }}}};
+};

 static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo>
    compaction_job_stats_type_info = {
@@ -605,10 +555,6 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo>
         {offsetof(struct CompactionJobStats, is_manual_compaction),
          OptionType::kBoolean, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
          OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
-        {"is_remote_compaction",
-         {offsetof(struct CompactionJobStats, is_remote_compaction),
-          OptionType::kBoolean, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
-          OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
        {"total_input_bytes",
         {offsetof(struct CompactionJobStats, total_input_bytes),
          OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
@@ -777,6 +723,14 @@ static std::unordered_map<std::string, OptionTypeInfo> cs_result_type_info = {
     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceResult, output_path),
      OptionType::kEncodedString, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
      OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
+    {"num_output_records",
+     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceResult, num_output_records),
+      OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
+      OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
+    {"total_bytes",
+     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceResult, total_bytes),
+      OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
+      OptionTypeFlags::kNone}},
    {"bytes_read",
     {offsetof(struct CompactionServiceResult, bytes_read),
      OptionType::kUInt64T, OptionVerificationType::kNormal,
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 //  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
 //  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).

+
 #include "db/db_test_util.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h"
 #include "table/unique_id_impl.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ class MyTestCompactionService : public CompactionService {
      : db_path_(std::move(db_path)),
        options_(options),
        statistics_(statistics),
-        start_info_("na", "na", "na", 0, Env::TOTAL, CompactionReason::kUnknown,
-                    false, false, false),
-        wait_info_("na", "na", "na", 0, Env::TOTAL, CompactionReason::kUnknown,
-                   false, false, false),
+        start_info_("na", "na", "na", 0, Env::TOTAL),
+        wait_info_("na", "na", "na", 0, Env::TOTAL),
        listeners_(listeners),
        table_properties_collector_factories_(
            std::move(table_properties_collector_factories)) {}
@@ -99,12 +97,8 @@ class MyTestCompactionService : public CompactionService {
    Status s =
        DB::OpenAndCompact(options, db_path_, db_path_ + "/" + scheduled_job_id,
                           compaction_input, result, options_override);
-    {
-      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      if (is_override_wait_result_) {
-        *result = override_wait_result_;
-      }
-      result_ = *result;
+    if (is_override_wait_result_) {
+      *result = override_wait_result_;
    }
    compaction_num_.fetch_add(1);
    if (s.ok()) {
@@ -114,11 +108,6 @@ class MyTestCompactionService : public CompactionService {
    }
  }

-  void OnInstallation(const std::string& /*scheduled_job_id*/,
-                      CompactionServiceJobStatus status) override {
-    final_updated_status_ = status;
-  }
-
  int GetCompactionNum() { return compaction_num_.load(); }

  CompactionServiceJobInfo GetCompactionInfoForStart() { return start_info_; }
@@ -147,14 +136,6 @@ class MyTestCompactionService : public CompactionService {

  void SetCanceled(bool canceled) { canceled_ = canceled; }

-  void GetResult(CompactionServiceResult* deserialized) {
-    CompactionServiceResult::Read(result_, deserialized).PermitUncheckedError();
-  }
-
-  CompactionServiceJobStatus GetFinalCompactionServiceJobStatus() {
-    return final_updated_status_.load();
-  }
-
 private:
  InstrumentedMutex mutex_;
  std::atomic_int compaction_num_{0};
@@ -172,14 +153,11 @@ class MyTestCompactionService : public CompactionService {
  CompactionServiceJobStatus override_wait_status_ =
      CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure;
  bool is_override_wait_result_ = false;
-  std::string result_;
  std::string override_wait_result_;
  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<EventListener>> listeners_;
  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TablePropertiesCollectorFactory>>
      table_properties_collector_factories_;
  std::atomic_bool canceled_{false};
-  std::atomic<CompactionServiceJobStatus> final_updated_status_{
-      CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal};
 };

 class CompactionServiceTest : public DBTestBase {
@@ -277,8 +255,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, BasicCompactions) {

  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), 1);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionServiceJobStatus::kSuccess,
-            my_cs->GetFinalCompactionServiceJobStatus());

  // make sure the compaction statistics is only recorded on the remote side
  ASSERT_GE(compactor_statistics->getTickerCount(COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES), 1);
@@ -342,34 +318,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, BasicCompactions) {
  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({kDefaultColumnFamilyName, "cf_1", "cf_2", "cf_3"},
                           options);
  ASSERT_GT(verify_passed, 0);
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  if (s.IsAborted()) {
-    ASSERT_NOK(result.status);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  }
-  ASSERT_GE(result.stats.elapsed_micros, 1);
-  ASSERT_GE(result.stats.cpu_micros, 1);
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(20, result.stats.num_output_records);
-  ASSERT_EQ(result.output_files.size(), result.stats.num_output_files);
-
-  uint64_t total_size = 0;
-  for (auto output_file : result.output_files) {
-    std::string file_name = result.output_path + "/" + output_file.file_name;
-
-    uint64_t file_size = 0;
-    ASSERT_OK(options.env->GetFileSize(file_name, &file_size));
-    ASSERT_GT(file_size, 0);
-    total_size += file_size;
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(total_size, result.stats.total_output_bytes);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(result.stats.is_full_compaction);
-
  Close();
 }

@@ -408,547 +356,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, ManualCompaction) {
  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
  VerifyTestData();
-
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CompactionOutputFileIOError) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile()::AfterFinish",
-      [&](void* status) {
-        // override status
-        auto s = static_cast<Status*>(status);
-        *s = Status::IOError("Injected IOError!");
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(15);
-  std::string end_str = Key(45);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-  ASSERT_NOK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end));
-  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_NOK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, PreservedOptionsLocalCompaction) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 2;
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  Random rnd(301);
-  for (auto i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-    for (auto j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
-      ASSERT_OK(
-          Put("foo" + std::to_string(i * 10 + j), rnd.RandomString(1024)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  }
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction()::Processing", [&](void* arg) {
-        auto compaction = static_cast<Compaction*>(arg);
-        std::string options_file_name = OptionsFileName(
-            dbname_,
-            compaction->input_version()->version_set()->options_file_number());
-
-        // Change option twice to make sure the very first OPTIONS file gets
-        // purged
-        ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-            {{"level0_file_num_compaction_trigger", "4"}}));
-        ASSERT_EQ(4, dbfull()->GetOptions().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-        ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-            {{"level0_file_num_compaction_trigger", "6"}}));
-        ASSERT_EQ(6, dbfull()->GetOptions().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-        dbfull()->TEST_DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-
-        // For non-remote compactions, OPTIONS file can be deleted while
-        // using option at the start of the compaction
-        Status s = env_->FileExists(options_file_name);
-        ASSERT_NOK(s);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsNotFound());
-        // Should be old value
-        ASSERT_EQ(2, compaction->mutable_cf_options()
-                         ->level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->min_options_file_numbers_.empty());
-      });
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  Status s = dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok());
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, PreservedOptionsRemoteCompaction) {
-  // For non-remote compaction do not preserve options file
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 2;
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  Random rnd(301);
-  for (auto i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-    for (auto j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
-      ASSERT_OK(
-          Put("foo" + std::to_string(i * 10 + j), rnd.RandomString(1024)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  }
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-      {{"CompactionServiceTest::OptionsFileChanged",
-        "DBImplSecondary::OpenAndCompact::BeforeLoadingOptions:1"}});
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImplSecondary::OpenAndCompact::BeforeLoadingOptions:0",
-      [&](void* arg) {
-        auto options_file_number = static_cast<uint64_t*>(arg);
-        // Change the option twice before the compaction run
-        ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-            {{"level0_file_num_compaction_trigger", "4"}}));
-        ASSERT_EQ(4, dbfull()->GetOptions().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->versions_->options_file_number() >
-                    *options_file_number);
-
-        // Change the option twice before the compaction run
-        ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-            {{"level0_file_num_compaction_trigger", "5"}}));
-        ASSERT_EQ(5, dbfull()->GetOptions().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->versions_->options_file_number() >
-                    *options_file_number);
-
-        TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionServiceTest::OptionsFileChanged");
-      });
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionServiceJob::ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService",
-      [&](void* arg) {
-        auto input = static_cast<CompactionServiceInput*>(arg);
-        std::string options_file_name =
-            OptionsFileName(dbname_, input->options_file_number);
-
-        ASSERT_OK(env_->FileExists(options_file_name));
-        ASSERT_FALSE(dbfull()->min_options_file_numbers_.empty());
-        ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->min_options_file_numbers_.front(),
-                  input->options_file_number);
-
-        DBOptions db_options;
-        ConfigOptions config_options;
-        std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> all_column_families;
-        config_options.env = env_;
-        ASSERT_OK(LoadOptionsFromFile(config_options, options_file_name,
-                                      &db_options, &all_column_families));
-        bool has_cf = false;
-        for (auto& cf : all_column_families) {
-          if (cf.name == input->cf_name) {
-            // Should be old value
-            ASSERT_EQ(2, cf.options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-            has_cf = true;
-          }
-        }
-        ASSERT_TRUE(has_cf);
-      });
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction()::Processing", [&](void* arg) {
-        auto compaction = static_cast<Compaction*>(arg);
-        ASSERT_EQ(2, compaction->mutable_cf_options()
-                         ->level0_file_num_compaction_trigger);
-      });
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  Status s = dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok());
-
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-class EventVerifier : public EventListener {
- public:
-  explicit EventVerifier(uint64_t expected_num_input_records,
-                         size_t expected_num_input_files,
-                         uint64_t expected_num_output_records,
-                         size_t expected_num_output_files,
-                         const std::string& expected_smallest_output_key_prefix,
-                         const std::string& expected_largest_output_key_prefix,
-                         bool expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin,
-                         bool expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete)
-      : expected_num_input_records_(expected_num_input_records),
-        expected_num_input_files_(expected_num_input_files),
-        expected_num_output_records_(expected_num_output_records),
-        expected_num_output_files_(expected_num_output_files),
-        expected_smallest_output_key_prefix_(
-            expected_smallest_output_key_prefix),
-        expected_largest_output_key_prefix_(expected_largest_output_key_prefix),
-        expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin_(
-            expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin),
-        expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete_(
-            expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete) {}
-  void OnCompactionBegin(DB* /*db*/, const CompactionJobInfo& ci) override {
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_input_files_, ci.input_files.size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_input_files_, ci.input_file_infos.size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin_,
-              ci.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ci.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(ci.stats.is_full_compaction);
-  }
-  void OnCompactionCompleted(DB* /*db*/, const CompactionJobInfo& ci) override {
-    ASSERT_GT(ci.stats.elapsed_micros, 0);
-    ASSERT_GT(ci.stats.cpu_micros, 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_input_records_, ci.stats.num_input_records);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_input_files_, ci.stats.num_input_files);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_output_records_, ci.stats.num_output_records);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_num_output_files_, ci.stats.num_output_files);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_smallest_output_key_prefix_,
-              ci.stats.smallest_output_key_prefix);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_largest_output_key_prefix_,
-              ci.stats.largest_output_key_prefix);
-    ASSERT_GT(ci.stats.total_input_bytes, 0);
-    ASSERT_GT(ci.stats.total_output_bytes, 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ(ci.stats.num_input_records,
-              ci.stats.num_output_records + ci.stats.num_records_replaced);
-    ASSERT_EQ(expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete_,
-              ci.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ci.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(ci.stats.is_full_compaction);
-  }
-
- private:
-  uint64_t expected_num_input_records_;
-  size_t expected_num_input_files_;
-  uint64_t expected_num_output_records_;
-  size_t expected_num_output_files_;
-  std::string expected_smallest_output_key_prefix_;
-  std::string expected_largest_output_key_prefix_;
-  bool expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin_;
-  bool expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete_;
-};
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, VerifyStats) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  auto event_verifier = std::make_shared<EventVerifier>(
-      30 /* expected_num_input_records */, 3 /* expected_num_input_files */,
-      20 /* expected_num_output_records */, 1 /* expected_num_output_files */,
-      "key00000" /* expected_smallest_output_key_prefix */,
-      "key00001" /* expected_largest_output_key_prefix */,
-      true /* expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin */,
-      true /* expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete */);
-  options.listeners.push_back(event_verifier);
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(0);
-  std::string end_str = Key(1);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end));
-  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-  VerifyTestData();
-
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, VerifyStatsLocalFallback) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  auto event_verifier = std::make_shared<EventVerifier>(
-      30 /* expected_num_input_records */, 3 /* expected_num_input_files */,
-      20 /* expected_num_output_records */, 1 /* expected_num_output_files */,
-      "key00000" /* expected_smallest_output_key_prefix */,
-      "key00001" /* expected_largest_output_key_prefix */,
-      true /* expected_is_remote_compaction_on_begin */,
-      false /* expected_is_remote_compaction_on_complete */);
-  options.listeners.push_back(event_verifier);
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-  my_cs->OverrideStartStatus(CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal);
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(0);
-  std::string end_str = Key(1);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end));
-  // Remote Compaction did not happen
-  ASSERT_EQ(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num);
-  VerifyTestData();
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CorruptedOutput) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(15);
-  std::string end_str = Key(45);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run:0", [&](void* arg) {
-        CompactionServiceResult* compaction_result =
-            *(static_cast<CompactionServiceResult**>(arg));
-        ASSERT_TRUE(compaction_result != nullptr &&
-                    !compaction_result->output_files.empty());
-        // Corrupt files here
-        for (const auto& output_file : compaction_result->output_files) {
-          std::string file_name =
-              compaction_result->output_path + "/" + output_file.file_name;
-
-          uint64_t file_size = 0;
-          Status s = options.env->GetFileSize(file_name, &file_size);
-          ASSERT_OK(s);
-          ASSERT_GT(file_size, 0);
-
-          ASSERT_OK(test::CorruptFile(env_, file_name, 0,
-                                      static_cast<int>(file_size),
-                                      true /* verifyChecksum */));
-        }
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  // CompactRange() should fail
-  Status s = db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end);
-  ASSERT_NOK(s);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-
-  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-
-  // On the worker side, the compaction is considered success
-  // Verification is done on the primary side
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CorruptedOutputParanoidFileCheck) {
-  for (bool paranoid_file_check_enabled : {false, true}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("paranoid_file_check_enabled=" +
-                 std::to_string(paranoid_file_check_enabled));
-
-    Options options = CurrentOptions();
-    Destroy(options);
-    options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-    options.paranoid_file_checks = paranoid_file_check_enabled;
-    ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-    GenerateTestData();
-
-    auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-    std::string start_str = Key(15);
-    std::string end_str = Key(45);
-    Slice start(start_str);
-    Slice end(end_str);
-    uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-
-    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-        "CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run:0", [&](void* arg) {
-          CompactionServiceResult* compaction_result =
-              *(static_cast<CompactionServiceResult**>(arg));
-          ASSERT_TRUE(compaction_result != nullptr &&
-                      !compaction_result->output_files.empty());
-          // Corrupt files here
-          for (const auto& output_file : compaction_result->output_files) {
-            std::string file_name =
-                compaction_result->output_path + "/" + output_file.file_name;
-
-            // Corrupt very small range of bytes. This corruption is so small
-            // that this isn't caught by default light-weight check
-            ASSERT_OK(test::CorruptFile(env_, file_name, 0, 1,
-                                        false /* verifyChecksum */));
-          }
-        });
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-    Status s = db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end);
-    if (paranoid_file_check_enabled) {
-      ASSERT_NOK(s);
-      ASSERT_EQ(Status::Corruption("Paranoid checksums do not match"), s);
-    } else {
-      // CompactRange() goes through if paranoid file check is not enabled
-      ASSERT_OK(s);
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-    SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-
-    // On the worker side, the compaction is considered success
-    // Verification is done on the primary side
-    CompactionServiceResult result;
-    my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-    ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, TruncatedOutput) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(15);
-  std::string end_str = Key(45);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run:0", [&](void* arg) {
-        CompactionServiceResult* compaction_result =
-            *(static_cast<CompactionServiceResult**>(arg));
-        ASSERT_TRUE(compaction_result != nullptr &&
-                    !compaction_result->output_files.empty());
-        // Truncate files here
-        for (const auto& output_file : compaction_result->output_files) {
-          std::string file_name =
-              compaction_result->output_path + "/" + output_file.file_name;
-
-          uint64_t file_size = 0;
-          Status s = options.env->GetFileSize(file_name, &file_size);
-          ASSERT_OK(s);
-          ASSERT_GT(file_size, 0);
-
-          ASSERT_OK(test::TruncateFile(env_, file_name, file_size / 2));
-        }
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  // CompactRange() should fail
-  Status s = db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end);
-  ASSERT_NOK(s);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-
-  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-
-  // On the worker side, the compaction is considered success
-  // Verification is done on the primary side
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CustomFileChecksum) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.file_checksum_gen_factory = GetFileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory();
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  GenerateTestData();
-
-  auto my_cs = GetCompactionService();
-
-  std::string start_str = Key(15);
-  std::string end_str = Key(45);
-  Slice start(start_str);
-  Slice end(end_str);
-  uint64_t comp_num = my_cs->GetCompactionNum();
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionServiceCompactionJob::Run:0", [&](void* arg) {
-        CompactionServiceResult* compaction_result =
-            *(static_cast<CompactionServiceResult**>(arg));
-        ASSERT_TRUE(compaction_result != nullptr &&
-                    !compaction_result->output_files.empty());
-        // Validate Checksum files here
-        for (const auto& output_file : compaction_result->output_files) {
-          std::string file_name =
-              compaction_result->output_path + "/" + output_file.file_name;
-
-          FileChecksumGenContext gen_context;
-          gen_context.file_name = file_name;
-          std::unique_ptr<FileChecksumGenerator> file_checksum_gen =
-              options.file_checksum_gen_factory->CreateFileChecksumGenerator(
-                  gen_context);
-
-          std::unique_ptr<SequentialFile> file_reader;
-          uint64_t file_size = 0;
-          Status s = options.env->GetFileSize(file_name, &file_size);
-          ASSERT_OK(s);
-          ASSERT_GT(file_size, 0);
-
-          s = options.env->NewSequentialFile(file_name, &file_reader,
-                                             EnvOptions());
-          ASSERT_OK(s);
-
-          Slice result;
-          std::unique_ptr<char[]> scratch(new char[file_size]);
-          s = file_reader->Read(file_size, &result, scratch.get());
-          ASSERT_OK(s);
-
-          file_checksum_gen->Update(scratch.get(), result.size());
-          file_checksum_gen->Finalize();
-
-          // Verify actual checksum and the func name
-          ASSERT_EQ(file_checksum_gen->Name(),
-                    output_file.file_checksum_func_name);
-          ASSERT_EQ(file_checksum_gen->GetChecksum(),
-                    output_file.file_checksum);
-        }
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end));
-  ASSERT_GE(my_cs->GetCompactionNum(), comp_num + 1);
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-
-  CompactionServiceResult result;
-  my_cs->GetResult(&result);
-  ASSERT_OK(result.status);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result.stats.is_remote_compaction);
 }

 TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CancelCompactionOnRemoteSide) {
@@ -1030,8 +437,6 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, InvalidResult) {
  Slice end(end_str);
  Status s = db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), &start, &end);
  ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok());
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure,
-            my_cs->GetFinalCompactionServiceJobStatus());
 }

 TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, SubCompaction) {
@@ -1181,20 +586,11 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CompactionInfo) {
                              {file.db_path + "/" + file.name}, 2));
  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForStart();
  ASSERT_EQ(Env::USER, info.priority);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kManualCompaction, info.compaction_reason);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);
  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForWait();
  ASSERT_EQ(Env::USER, info.priority);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kManualCompaction, info.compaction_reason);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);

  // Test priority BOTTOM
  env_->SetBackgroundThreads(1, Env::BOTTOM);
-  // This will set bottommost_level = true but is_full_compaction = false
  options.num_levels = 2;
  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
  my_cs =
@@ -1217,71 +613,9 @@ TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, CompactionInfo) {
  }
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForStart();
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kLevelL0FilesNum, info.compaction_reason);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);
  ASSERT_EQ(Env::BOTTOM, info.priority);
  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForWait();
  ASSERT_EQ(Env::BOTTOM, info.priority);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kLevelL0FilesNum, info.compaction_reason);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);
-
-  // Test Non-Bottommost Level
-  options.num_levels = 4;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  my_cs =
-      static_cast_with_check<MyTestCompactionService>(GetCompactionService());
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger; i++) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-      int key_id = i * 10 + j;
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(key_id), "value_new_new" + std::to_string(key_id)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForStart();
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.bottommost_level);
-  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForWait();
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(false, info.bottommost_level);
-
-  // Test Full Compaction + Bottommost Level
-  options.num_levels = 6;
-  ReopenWithCompactionService(&options);
-  my_cs =
-      static_cast_with_check<MyTestCompactionService>(GetCompactionService());
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-      int key_id = i * 10 + j;
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(key_id), "value_new_new" + std::to_string(key_id)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  }
-
-  CompactRangeOptions cro;
-  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce;
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, nullptr, nullptr));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForStart();
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kManualCompaction, info.compaction_reason);
-  info = my_cs->GetCompactionInfoForWait();
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_manual_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.is_full_compaction);
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, info.bottommost_level);
-  ASSERT_EQ(CompactionReason::kManualCompaction, info.compaction_reason);
 }

 TEST_F(CompactionServiceTest, FallbackLocalAuto) {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void CompactionState::AggregateCompactionStats(
    InternalStats::CompactionStatsFull& compaction_stats,
    CompactionJobStats& compaction_job_stats) {
  for (const auto& sc : sub_compact_states) {
-    sc.AggregateCompactionOutputStats(compaction_stats);
+    sc.AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats);
    compaction_job_stats.Add(sc.compaction_job_stats);
  }
 }
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "rocksdb/sst_partitioner.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-void SubcompactionState::AggregateCompactionOutputStats(
+void SubcompactionState::AggregateCompactionStats(
    InternalStats::CompactionStatsFull& compaction_stats) const {
  compaction_stats.stats.Add(compaction_outputs_.stats_);
  if (HasPenultimateLevelOutputs()) {
@@ -34,16 +34,9 @@ void SubcompactionState::Cleanup(Cache* cache) {

  if (!status.ok()) {
    for (const auto& out : GetOutputs()) {
-      // If this file was inserted into the table cache then remove it here
-      // because this compaction was not committed. This is not strictly
-      // required because of a backstop TableCache::Evict() in
-      // PurgeObsoleteFiles() but is our opportunity to apply
-      // uncache_aggressiveness. TODO: instead, put these files into the
-      // VersionSet::obsolete_files_ pipeline so that they don't have to
-      // be picked up by scanning the DB directory.
-      TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(
-          cache, out.meta.fd.GetNumber(), nullptr /*handle*/,
-          compaction->mutable_cf_options()->uncache_aggressiveness);
+      // If this file was inserted into the table cache then remove
+      // them here because this compaction was not committed.
+      TableCache::Evict(cache, out.meta.fd.GetNumber());
    }
  }
  // TODO: sub_compact.io_status is not checked like status. Not sure if thats
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class SubcompactionState {

  void Cleanup(Cache* cache);

-  void AggregateCompactionOutputStats(
+  void AggregateCompactionStats(
      InternalStats::CompactionStatsFull& compaction_stats) const;

  CompactionOutputs& Current() const {
@@ -9,26 +9,14 @@
 // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

 #include "db/db_test_util.h"
-#include "options/cf_options.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
 #include "rocksdb/iostats_context.h"
 #include "rocksdb/listener.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/debug.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/table_properties_collectors.h"
 #include "test_util/mock_time_env.h"
-#include "util/defer.h"
 #include "utilities/merge_operators.h"

 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-namespace {
-ConfigOptions GetStrictConfigOptions() {
-  ConfigOptions config_options;
-  config_options.ignore_unknown_options = false;
-  config_options.ignore_unsupported_options = false;
-  config_options.input_strings_escaped = false;
-  return config_options;
-}
-}  // namespace

 class TieredCompactionTest : public DBTestBase {
 public:
@@ -1245,9 +1233,82 @@ TEST_F(TieredCompactionTest, RangeBasedTieredStorageLevel) {
  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(temp_snap);
 }

-class PrecludeLastLevelTestBase : public DBTestBase {
+TEST_F(TieredCompactionTest, CheckInternalKeyRange) {
+  // When compacting keys from the last level to penultimate level,
+  // output to penultimate level should be within internal key range
+  // of input files from penultimate level.
+  // Set up:
+  // L5:
+  //  File 1: DeleteRange[1, 3)@4, File 2: [3@5, 100@6]
+  // L6:
+  // File 3: [2@1, 3@2], File 4: [50@3]
+  //
+  // When File 1 and File 3 are being compacted,
+  // Key(3) cannot be compacted up, otherwise it causes
+  // inconsistency where File 3's Key(3) has a lower sequence number
+  // than File 2's Key(3).
+  const int kNumLevels = 7;
+  auto options = CurrentOptions();
+  SetColdTemperature(options);
+  options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = true;
+  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  options.max_subcompactions = 10;
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 10000;
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);
+  auto cmp = options.comparator;
+
+  std::string hot_start = Key(0);
+  std::string hot_end = Key(0);
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
+      "CompactionIterator::PrepareOutput.context", [&](void* arg) {
+        auto context = static_cast<PerKeyPlacementContext*>(arg);
+        context->output_to_penultimate_level =
+            cmp->Compare(context->key, hot_start) >= 0 &&
+            cmp->Compare(context->key, hot_end) < 0;
+      });
+  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
+  // File 1
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(2), "val2"));
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(3), "val3"));
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+  MoveFilesToLevel(6);
+  // File 2
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(50), "val50"));
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+  MoveFilesToLevel(6);
+
+  const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
+  hot_end = Key(100);
+  std::string start = Key(1);
+  std::string end = Key(3);
+  ASSERT_OK(
+      db_->DeleteRange(WriteOptions(), db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), start, end));
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+  MoveFilesToLevel(5);
+  // File 3
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(3), "vall"));
+  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(100), "val100"));
+  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+  MoveFilesToLevel(5);
+  // Try to compact keys up
+  CompactRangeOptions cro;
+  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce;
+  start = Key(1);
+  end = Key(2);
+  Slice begin_slice(start);
+  Slice end_slice(end);
+  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, &begin_slice, &end_slice));
+  // Without internal key range checking, we get the following error:
+  // Corruption: force_consistency_checks(DEBUG): VersionBuilder: L5 has
+  // overlapping ranges: file #18 largest key: '6B6579303030303033' seq:102,
+  // type:1 vs. file #15 smallest key: '6B6579303030303033' seq:104, type:1
+  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
+}
+
+class PrecludeLastLevelTest : public DBTestBase {
 public:
-  PrecludeLastLevelTestBase(std::string test_name = "preclude_last_level_test")
+  PrecludeLastLevelTest(std::string test_name = "preclude_last_level_test")
      : DBTestBase(test_name, /*env_do_fsync=*/false) {
    mock_clock_ = std::make_shared<MockSystemClock>(env_->GetSystemClock());
    mock_clock_->SetCurrentTime(kMockStartTime);
@@ -1272,52 +1333,9 @@ class PrecludeLastLevelTestBase : public DBTestBase {
        });
    mock_clock_->SetCurrentTime(kMockStartTime);
  }
-
-  void ApplyConfigChangeImpl(
-      bool dynamic, Options* options,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& config_change,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& db_config_change) {
-    if (dynamic) {
-      if (config_change.size() > 0) {
-        // FIXME: temporary while preserve/preclude options are not user mutable
-        SaveAndRestore<bool> m(&TEST_allowSetOptionsImmutableInMutable, true);
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->SetOptions(config_change));
-      }
-      if (db_config_change.size() > 0) {
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->SetDBOptions(db_config_change));
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (config_change.size() > 0) {
-        ASSERT_OK(GetColumnFamilyOptionsFromMap(
-            GetStrictConfigOptions(), *options, config_change, options));
-      }
-      if (db_config_change.size() > 0) {
-        ASSERT_OK(GetDBOptionsFromMap(GetStrictConfigOptions(), *options,
-                                      db_config_change, options));
-      }
-      Reopen(*options);
-    }
-  }
 };

-class PrecludeLastLevelTest : public PrecludeLastLevelTestBase,
-                              public testing::WithParamInterface<bool> {
- public:
-  using PrecludeLastLevelTestBase::PrecludeLastLevelTestBase;
-
-  bool UseDynamicConfig() const { return GetParam(); }
-
-  void ApplyConfigChange(
-      Options* options,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& config_change,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& db_config_change =
-          {}) {
-    ApplyConfigChangeImpl(UseDynamicConfig(), options, config_change,
-                          db_config_change);
-  }
-};
-
-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeManualCompaction) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeManualCompaction) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -1348,8 +1366,9 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeManualCompaction) {
  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());

  // enable preclude feature
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "10000"},
-                               {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}});
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 10000;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  Reopen(options);

  // all data is hot, even they're in the last level
  ASSERT_EQ(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
@@ -1373,7 +1392,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeManualCompaction) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeAutoCompaction) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeAutoCompaction) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -1403,17 +1422,16 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeAutoCompaction) {
  // all data is pushed to the last level
  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());

-  // enable preclude feature, and...
+  // enable preclude feature
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 10000;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
  // make sure it won't trigger Size Amp compaction, unlike normal Size Amp
  // compaction which is typically a last level compaction, when tiered Storage
  // ("preclude_last_level") is enabled, size amp won't include the last level.
  // As the last level would be in cold tier and the size would not be a
  // problem, which also avoid frequent hot to cold storage compaction.
-  ApplyConfigChange(
-      &options,
-      {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "10000"},
-       {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"},
-       {"compaction_options_universal.max_size_amplification_percent", "400"}});
+  options.compaction_options_universal.max_size_amplification_percent = 400;
+  Reopen(options);

  // all data is hot, even they're in the last level
  ASSERT_EQ(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
@@ -1445,7 +1463,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimeAutoCompaction) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimePartial) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimePartial) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -1493,8 +1511,9 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimePartial) {
  }

  // enable preclude feature
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "2000"},
-                               {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}});
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 2000;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  Reopen(options);

  // Generate a sstable and trigger manual compaction
  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(10), "value"));
@@ -1512,7 +1531,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, MigrationFromPreserveTimePartial) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, SmallPrecludeTime) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, SmallPrecludeTime) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -1565,206 +1584,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, SmallPrecludeTime) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, CheckInternalKeyRange) {
-  // When compacting keys from the last level to penultimate level,
-  // output to penultimate level should be within internal key range
-  // of input files from penultimate level.
-  // Set up:
-  // L5:
-  //  File 1: DeleteRange[1, 3)@4, File 2: [3@5, 100@6]
-  // L6:
-  // File 3: [2@1, 3@2], File 4: [50@3]
-  //
-  // When File 1 and File 3 are being compacted,
-  // Key(3) cannot be compacted up, otherwise it causes
-  // inconsistency where File 3's Key(3) has a lower sequence number
-  // than File 2's Key(3).
-  const int kNumLevels = 7;
-  auto options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = true;
-  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
-  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
-  options.max_subcompactions = 10;
-  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 10000;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  // File 3
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(2), "val2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(3), "val3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(6);
-  // File 4
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(50), "val50"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(6);
-
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "10000"}});
-  const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
-
-  // File 1
-  std::string start = Key(1);
-  std::string end = Key(3);
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->DeleteRange({}, db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), start, end));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(5);
-  // File 2
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(3), "vall"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(100), "val100"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(5);
-
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,2,2", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  auto VerifyLogicalState = [&]() {
-    // First with snapshot
-    ASSERT_EQ("val2", Get(Key(2), snapshot));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val3", Get(Key(3), snapshot));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val50", Get(Key(50), snapshot));
-    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(100), snapshot));
-
-    // Then without snapshot
-    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(2)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("vall", Get(Key(3)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val50", Get(Key(50)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val100", Get(Key(100)));
-  };
-
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-
-  // Try to compact keys up
-  CompactRangeOptions cro;
-  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce;
-  // Without internal key range checking, we get the following error:
-  // Corruption: force_consistency_checks(DEBUG): VersionBuilder: L5 has
-  // overlapping ranges: file #18 largest key: '6B6579303030303033' seq:102,
-  // type:1 vs. file #15 smallest key: '6B6579303030303033' seq:104, type:1
-  ASSERT_OK(CompactRange(cro, Key(1), Key(2)));
-
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-
-  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, RangeTombstoneSnapshotMigrateFromLast) {
-  // Reproducer for issue originally described in
-  // https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/9964/files#r1024449523
-  if (!UseDynamicConfig()) {
-    // Depends on config change while holding a snapshot
-    return;
-  }
-  const int kNumLevels = 7;
-  auto options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  options.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = true;
-  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
-  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
-  options.max_subcompactions = 10;
-  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 30000;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  // Entries with much older write time
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(2), "val2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(6), "val6"));
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
-    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
-        [&] { mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(1000)); });
-  }
-  const Snapshot* snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
-
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->DeleteRange({}, db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), Key(1), Key(5)));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(1), "val1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(6);
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "10000"}});
-
-  // To exercise the WithinPenultimateLevelOutputRange feature, we want files
-  // around the middle file to be compacted on the penultimate level
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(0), "val0"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(3), "val3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(7), "val7"));
-
-  // FIXME: ideally this wouldn't be necessary to get a seqno to time entry
-  // into a later compaction to get data into the last level
-  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
-      [&] { mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(1000)); });
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(5);
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,3,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  auto VerifyLogicalState = [&]() {
-    // First with snapshot
-    if (snapshot) {
-      ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(0), snapshot));
-      ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(1), snapshot));
-      ASSERT_EQ("val2", Get(Key(2), snapshot));
-      ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(3), snapshot));
-      ASSERT_EQ("val6", Get(Key(6), snapshot));
-      ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(7), snapshot));
-    }
-
-    // Then without snapshot
-    ASSERT_EQ("val0", Get(Key(0)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val1", Get(Key(1)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(2)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val3", Get(Key(3)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val6", Get(Key(6)));
-    ASSERT_EQ("val7", Get(Key(7)));
-  };
-
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-
-  // Try a limited range compaction
-  // FIXME: this currently hits the "Unsafe to store Seq later than snapshot"
-  // error. Needs to work safely for preclude option to be user mutable.
-  // ASSERT_OK(CompactRange({}, Key(3), Key(4)));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,3,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-
-  // Compact everything, but some data still goes to both penultimate and last
-  // levels. A full-range compaction should be safe to "migrate" data from the
-  // last level to penultimate (because of preclude setting change).
-  ASSERT_OK(CompactRange({}, {}, {}));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,1,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-  // Key1 should have been migrated out of the last level
-  auto& meta = *GetLevelFileMetadatas(6)[0];
-  ASSERT_LT(Key(1), meta.smallest.user_key().ToString());
-
-  // Make data eligible for last level
-  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot);
-  snapshot = nullptr;
-  mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(10000));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(CompactRange({}, {}, {}));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  VerifyLogicalState();
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PrecludeLastLevelTest,
-                        ::testing::Bool());
-
-class TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest
-    : public PrecludeLastLevelTestBase,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<size_t> {
- public:
-  TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest()
-      : PrecludeLastLevelTestBase("timed_put_preclude_last_level_test") {}
-
-  size_t ProtectionBytesPerKey() const { return GetParam(); }
-};
-
-TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -1778,8 +1598,6 @@ TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  WriteOptions wo;
-  wo.protection_bytes_per_key = ProtectionBytesPerKey();

  Random rnd(301);

@@ -1788,7 +1606,7 @@ TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
  });

  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys / 2; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), wo));
+    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100)));
    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun([&] {
      mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(rnd.Uniform(2)));
    });
@@ -1802,7 +1620,7 @@ TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
  // These data are eligible to be put on the last level once written to db
  // and compaction will fast track them to the last level.
  for (int i = kNumKeys / 2; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
+    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50));
  }
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());

@@ -1822,169 +1640,7 @@ TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, FastTrackTimedPutToLastLevel) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, InterleavedTimedPutAndPut) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 1 * 24 * 60 * 60;
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.num_levels = 7;
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  options.default_write_temperature = Temperature::kHot;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  WriteOptions wo;
-  wo.protection_bytes_per_key = ProtectionBytesPerKey();
-
-  // Start time: kMockStartTime = 10000000;
-  ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(0), "v0", kMockStartTime - 1 * 24 * 60 * 60, wo));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(1), "v1", wo));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,1,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kHot), 0);
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, PreserveTimedPutOnPenultimateLevel) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 3 * 24 * 60 * 60;
-  int seconds_between_recording = (3 * 24 * 60 * 60) / kMaxSeqnoTimePairsPerCF;
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.num_levels = 7;
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  options.default_write_temperature = Temperature::kHot;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  WriteOptions wo;
-  wo.protection_bytes_per_key = ProtectionBytesPerKey();
-
-  // Creating a snapshot to manually control when preferred sequence number is
-  // swapped in. An entry's preferred seqno won't get swapped in until it's
-  // visible to the earliest snapshot. With this, we can test relevant seqno to
-  // time mapping recorded in SST file also covers preferred seqno, not just
-  // the seqno in the internal keys.
-  auto* snap1 = db_->GetSnapshot();
-  // Start time: kMockStartTime = 10000000;
-  ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(0), "v0", kMockStartTime - 1 * 24 * 60 * 60, wo));
-  ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(1), "v1", kMockStartTime - 1 * 24 * 60 * 60, wo));
-  ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(2), "v2", kMockStartTime - 1 * 24 * 60 * 60, wo));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // Should still be in penultimate level.
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kHot), 0);
-  ASSERT_EQ(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-
-  // Wait one more day and release snapshot. Data's preferred seqno should be
-  // swapped in, but data should still stay in penultimate level. SST file's
-  // seqno to time mapping should continue to cover preferred seqno after
-  // compaction.
-  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(snap1);
-  mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(1 * 24 * 60 * 60);
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kHot), 0);
-  ASSERT_EQ(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-
-  // Wait one more day and data are eligible to be placed on last level.
-  // Instead of waiting exactly one more day, here we waited
-  // `seconds_between_recording` less seconds to show that it's not precise.
-  // Data could start to be placed on cold tier one recording interval before
-  // they exactly become cold based on the setting. For this one column family
-  // setting preserving 3 days of recording, it's about 43 minutes.
-  mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(1 * 24 * 60 * 60 -
-                                   seconds_between_recording);
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_EQ(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kHot), 0);
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-  Close();
-}
-
-TEST_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, AutoTriggerCompaction) {
-  const int kNumTrigger = 10;
-  const int kNumLevels = 7;
-  const int kNumKeys = 200;
-
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 60;
-  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 0;
-  options.env = mock_env_.get();
-  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
-  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
-  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
-  ConfigOptions config_options;
-  config_options.ignore_unsupported_options = false;
-  std::shared_ptr<TablePropertiesCollectorFactory> factory;
-  std::string id = CompactForTieringCollectorFactory::kClassName();
-  ASSERT_OK(TablePropertiesCollectorFactory::CreateFromString(
-      config_options, "compaction_trigger_ratio=0.4; id=" + id, &factory));
-  auto collector_factory =
-      factory->CheckedCast<CompactForTieringCollectorFactory>();
-  options.table_properties_collector_factories.push_back(factory);
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  WriteOptions wo;
-  wo.protection_bytes_per_key = ProtectionBytesPerKey();
-
-  Random rnd(301);
-
-  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun([&] {
-    mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(rnd.Uniform(10) + 1));
-  });
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys / 4; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), wo));
-    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun([&] {
-      mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(static_cast<int>(rnd.Uniform(2)));
-    });
-  }
-  // Create one file with regular Put.
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // Create one file with TimedPut.
-  // These data are eligible to be put on the last level once written to db
-  // and compaction will fast track them to the last level.
-  for (int i = kNumKeys / 4; i < kNumKeys / 2; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  // TimedPut file moved to the last level via auto triggered compaction.
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("1,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kUnknown), 0);
-  ASSERT_GT(GetSstSizeHelper(Temperature::kCold), 0);
-
-  collector_factory->SetCompactionTriggerRatio(1.1);
-  for (int i = kNumKeys / 2; i < kNumKeys * 3 / 4; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("2,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  collector_factory->SetCompactionTriggerRatio(0);
-  for (int i = kNumKeys * 3 / 4; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
-    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(0, Key(i), rnd.RandomString(100), 50, wo));
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ("3,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  Close();
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest,
-                        TimedPutPrecludeLastLevelTest, ::testing::Values(0, 8));
-
-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionPartial) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionPartial) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
@@ -2015,8 +1671,9 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionPartial) {
  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());

  // enable preclude feature
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "2000"},
-                               {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}});
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 2000;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  Reopen(options);

  CompactRangeOptions cro;
  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce;
@@ -2047,30 +1704,21 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionPartial) {
  Close();
 }

-class PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest
-    : public PrecludeLastLevelTestBase,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
+class PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms
+    : public PrecludeLastLevelTest,
+      public testing::WithParamInterface<bool> {
 public:
-  bool UseDynamicConfig() const { return std::get<0>(GetParam()); }
-
-  void ApplyConfigChange(
-      Options* options,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& config_change,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& db_config_change =
-          {}) {
-    ApplyConfigChangeImpl(UseDynamicConfig(), options, config_change,
-                          db_config_change);
-  }
-
-  bool EnablePrecludeLastLevel() const { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
+  PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms() : PrecludeLastLevelTest() {}
 };

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {
+TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;
  const int kKeyPerSec = 10;

+  bool enable_preclude_last_level = GetParam();
+
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 2000;
@@ -2128,7 +1776,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "UniversalCompactionBuilder::PickCompaction:Return", [&](void* arg) {
        auto compaction = static_cast<Compaction*>(arg);
-        if (EnablePrecludeLastLevel() && is_manual_compaction_running) {
+        if (enable_preclude_last_level && is_manual_compaction_running) {
          ASSERT_TRUE(compaction == nullptr);
          verified_compaction_order = true;
        } else {
@@ -2155,11 +1803,12 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  // only enable if the Parameter is true
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options,
-                    {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds",
-                      EnablePrecludeLastLevel() ? "2000" : "0"},
-                     {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}},
-                    {{"max_background_jobs", "8"}});
+  if (enable_preclude_last_level) {
+    options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 2000;
+  }
+  options.max_background_jobs = 8;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  Reopen(options);

  auto manual_compaction_thread = port::Thread([this]() {
    CompactRangeOptions cro;
@@ -2188,7 +1837,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {

  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());

-  if (EnablePrecludeLastLevel()) {
+  if (enable_preclude_last_level) {
    ASSERT_NE("0,0,0,0,0,1,1", FilesPerLevel());
  } else {
    ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,1,1", FilesPerLevel());
@@ -2202,7 +1851,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, LastLevelOnlyCompactionNoPreclude) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
+TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
  // Test the last level only periodic compaction should also be blocked by an
  // ongoing compaction in penultimate level if tiered compaction is enabled
  // otherwise, the periodic compaction should just run for the last level.
@@ -2212,6 +1861,8 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
  const int kKeyPerSec = 1;
  const int kNumKeys = 100;

+  bool enable_preclude_last_level = GetParam();
+
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 20000;
@@ -2238,11 +1889,12 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());

  // enable preclude feature
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options,
-                    {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds",
-                      EnablePrecludeLastLevel() ? "2000" : "0"},
-                     {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}},
-                    {{"max_background_jobs", "8"}});
+  if (enable_preclude_last_level) {
+    options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 20000;
+  }
+  options.max_background_jobs = 8;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  Reopen(options);

  std::atomic_bool is_size_ratio_compaction_running = false;
  std::atomic_bool verified_last_level_compaction = false;
@@ -2267,7 +1919,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
        auto compaction = static_cast<Compaction*>(arg);

        if (is_size_ratio_compaction_running) {
-          if (EnablePrecludeLastLevel()) {
+          if (enable_preclude_last_level) {
            ASSERT_TRUE(compaction == nullptr);
          } else {
            ASSERT_TRUE(compaction != nullptr);
@@ -2325,10 +1977,8 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest, PeriodicCompactionToPenultimateLevel) {
  Close();
 }

-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest,
-                        PrecludeLastLevelOptionalTest,
-                        ::testing::Combine(::testing::Bool(),
-                                           ::testing::Bool()));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms,
+                        PrecludeLastLevelTestWithParms, testing::Bool());

 // partition the SST into 3 ranges [0, 19] [20, 39] [40, ...]
 class ThreeRangesPartitioner : public SstPartitioner {
@@ -2372,7 +2022,7 @@ class ThreeRangesPartitionerFactory : public SstPartitionerFactory {
  }
 };

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PartialPenultimateLevelCompaction) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PartialPenultimateLevelCompaction) {
  const int kNumTrigger = 4;
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kKeyPerSec = 10;
@@ -2383,7 +2033,6 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PartialPenultimateLevelCompaction) {
  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 10000;
  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
-  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  Random rnd(301);
@@ -2421,10 +2070,11 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PartialPenultimateLevelCompaction) {
  // L6: [0,                299]
  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,0,3,1", FilesPerLevel());

-  ASSERT_OK(options.statistics->Reset());
  // enable tiered storage feature
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preclude_last_level_data_seconds", "10000"},
-                               {"last_level_temperature", "kCold"}});
+  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 10000;
+  options.last_level_temperature = Temperature::kCold;
+  options.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+  Reopen(options);

  ColumnFamilyMetaData meta;
  db_->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(&meta);
@@ -2470,7 +2120,7 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, PartialPenultimateLevelCompaction) {
  Close();
 }

-TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, RangeDelsCauseFileEndpointsToOverlap) {
+TEST_F(PrecludeLastLevelTest, RangeDelsCauseFileEndpointsToOverlap) {
  const int kNumLevels = 7;
  const int kSecondsPerKey = 10;
  const int kNumFiles = 3;
@@ -2609,25 +2259,12 @@ TEST_P(PrecludeLastLevelTest, RangeDelsCauseFileEndpointsToOverlap) {

 // Tests DBIter::GetProperty("rocksdb.iterator.write-time") return a data's
 // approximate write unix time.
-class IteratorWriteTimeTest
-    : public PrecludeLastLevelTestBase,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
+// Test Param:
+// 1) use tailing iterator or regular iterator (when it applies)
+class IteratorWriteTimeTest : public PrecludeLastLevelTest,
+                              public testing::WithParamInterface<bool> {
 public:
-  IteratorWriteTimeTest()
-      : PrecludeLastLevelTestBase("iterator_write_time_test") {}
-
-  bool UseTailingIterator() const { return std::get<0>(GetParam()); }
-
-  bool UseDynamicConfig() const { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
-
-  void ApplyConfigChange(
-      Options* options,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& config_change,
-      const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& db_config_change =
-          {}) {
-    ApplyConfigChangeImpl(UseDynamicConfig(), options, config_change,
-                          db_config_change);
-  }
+  IteratorWriteTimeTest() : PrecludeLastLevelTest("iterator_write_time_test") {}

  uint64_t VerifyKeyAndGetWriteTime(Iterator* iter,
                                    const std::string& expected_key) {
@@ -2667,14 +2304,10 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromMemtables) {
  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
  options.env = mock_env_.get();
  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
+  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 10000;
  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

-  // While there are issues with tracking seqno 0
-  ASSERT_OK(Delete("something_to_bump_seqno"));
-
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preserve_internal_time_seconds", "10000"}});
-
  Random rnd(301);
  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
@@ -2688,7 +2321,7 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromMemtables) {
  }

  ReadOptions ropts;
-  ropts.tailing = UseTailingIterator();
+  ropts.tailing = GetParam();
  int i;

  // Forward iteration
@@ -2705,7 +2338,6 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromMemtables) {
                              start_time + kSecondsPerRecording * (i + 1));
      }
    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(kNumKeys, i);
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
  }

@@ -2725,12 +2357,12 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromMemtables) {
      }
    }
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, i);
  }

-  // Disable the seqno to time recording. Data with user specified write time
-  // can still get a write time before it's flushed.
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preserve_internal_time_seconds", "0"}});
+  // Reopen the DB and disable the seqno to time recording, data with user
+  // specified write time can still get a write time before it's flushed.
+  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 0;
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);
  ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(Key(kKeyWithWriteTime), rnd.RandomString(100),
                     kUserSpecifiedWriteTime));
  {
@@ -2766,14 +2398,10 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {
  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
  options.env = mock_env_.get();
  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
+  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 10000;
  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

-  // While there are issues with tracking seqno 0
-  ASSERT_OK(Delete("something_to_bump_seqno"));
-
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preserve_internal_time_seconds", "10000"}});
-
  Random rnd(301);
  for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
    dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
@@ -2788,7 +2416,7 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {

  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
  ReadOptions ropts;
-  ropts.tailing = UseTailingIterator();
+  ropts.tailing = GetParam();
  std::string prop;
  int i;

@@ -2811,7 +2439,6 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {
      }
    }
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(kNumKeys, i);
  }

  // Backward iteration
@@ -2831,12 +2458,12 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {
      }
    }
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, i);
  }

-  // Disable the seqno to time recording. Data retrieved from SST files still
-  // have write time available.
-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preserve_internal_time_seconds", "0"}});
+  // Reopen the DB and disable the seqno to time recording. Data retrieved from
+  // SST files still have write time available.
+  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 0;
+  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
      [&] { mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(kSecondsPerRecording); });
@@ -2862,7 +2489,6 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {
                              start_time + kSecondsPerRecording * (i + 1));
      }
    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(kNumKeys, i);
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
  }

@@ -2886,7 +2512,6 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, ReadFromSstFile) {
      VerifyKeyAndWriteTime(iter.get(), Key(i), 0);
    }
    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(kNumKeys, i);
  }
  Close();
 }
@@ -2900,12 +2525,11 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, MergeReturnsBaseValueWriteTime) {
  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
  options.env = mock_env_.get();
  options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = kNumTrigger;
+  options.preserve_internal_time_seconds = 10000;
  options.num_levels = kNumLevels;
  options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateStringAppendOperator();
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

-  ApplyConfigChange(&options, {{"preserve_internal_time_seconds", "10000"}});
-
  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForPeriodicTaskRun(
      [&] { mock_clock_->MockSleepForSeconds(kSecondsPerRecording); });
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "fv1"));
@@ -2916,7 +2540,7 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, MergeReturnsBaseValueWriteTime) {
  ASSERT_OK(Merge("foo", "bv1"));

  ReadOptions ropts;
-  ropts.tailing = UseTailingIterator();
+  ropts.tailing = GetParam();
  {
    std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(dbfull()->NewIterator(ropts));
    iter->SeekToFirst();
@@ -2934,7 +2558,7 @@ TEST_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, MergeReturnsBaseValueWriteTime) {
 }

 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(IteratorWriteTimeTest, IteratorWriteTimeTest,
-                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
+                        testing::Bool());

 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ Status VerifySstFileChecksumInternal(const Options& options,
  } else {
    return s;
  }
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    return s;
-  }
  std::unique_ptr<TableReader> table_reader;
  std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
      new RandomAccessFileReader(
@@ -87,7 +84,7 @@ Status VerifySstFileChecksumInternal(const Options& options,
      options.block_protection_bytes_per_key, false /* skip_filters */,
      !kImmortal, false /* force_direct_prefetch */, -1 /* level */);
  reader_options.largest_seqno = largest_seqno;
-  s = options.table_factory->NewTableReader(
+  s = ioptions.table_factory->NewTableReader(
      read_options, reader_options, std::move(file_reader), file_size,
      &table_reader, false /* prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache */);
  if (!s.ok()) {
@@ -464,14 +464,12 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTest, TimedPutBasic) {
    ASSERT_EQ("bv1", Get(1, "bar"));
    ASSERT_OK(TimedPut(1, "baz", "bzv1", /*write_unix_time=*/0));
    ASSERT_EQ("bzv1", Get(1, "baz"));
-    if (option_config_ != kRowCache) {
-      std::string range_del_begin = "b";
-      std::string range_del_end = "baz";
-      Slice begin_rdel = range_del_begin, end_rdel = range_del_end;
-      ASSERT_OK(
-          db_->DeleteRange(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], begin_rdel, end_rdel));
-      ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(1, "bar"));
-    }
+    std::string range_del_begin = "b";
+    std::string range_del_end = "baz";
+    Slice begin_rdel = range_del_begin, end_rdel = range_del_end;
+    ASSERT_OK(
+        db_->DeleteRange(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], begin_rdel, end_rdel));
+    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(1, "bar"));

    ASSERT_EQ("bzv1", Get(1, "baz"));
    ASSERT_OK(SingleDelete(1, "baz"));
@@ -688,100 +686,76 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTest, IdentityAcrossRestarts) {
  constexpr size_t kMinIdSize = 10;
  do {
    for (bool with_manifest : {false, true}) {
-      for (bool write_file : {false, true}) {
-        std::string idfilename = IdentityFileName(dbname_);
-        std::string id1, tmp;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id1));
-        ASSERT_GE(id1.size(), kMinIdSize);
+      std::string idfilename = IdentityFileName(dbname_);
+      std::string id1, tmp;
+      ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id1));
+      ASSERT_GE(id1.size(), kMinIdSize);

-        Options options = CurrentOptions();
-        options.write_dbid_to_manifest = with_manifest;
-        options.write_identity_file = true;  // initially
-        Reopen(options);
-        std::string id2;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id2));
-        // id2 should match id1 because identity was not regenerated
-        ASSERT_EQ(id1, id2);
-        ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
-        ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id2);
+      Options options = CurrentOptions();
+      options.write_dbid_to_manifest = with_manifest;
+      Reopen(options);
+      std::string id2;
+      ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id2));
+      // id2 should match id1 because identity was not regenerated
+      ASSERT_EQ(id1, id2);
+      ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
+      ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id2);

-        if (write_file) {
-          // Recover from deleted/missing IDENTITY
-          ASSERT_OK(env_->DeleteFile(idfilename));
-        } else {
-          // Transition to no IDENTITY file
-          options.write_identity_file = false;
-          if (!with_manifest) {
-            // Incompatible options, should fail
-            ASSERT_NOK(TryReopen(options));
-            // Back to a usable config and continue
-            options.write_identity_file = true;
-            Reopen(options);
-            continue;
-          }
-        }
-        Reopen(options);
-        std::string id3;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id3));
-        if (with_manifest) {
-          // id3 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
-          ASSERT_EQ(id1, id3);
-        } else {
-          // id3 should NOT match id1 because identity was regenerated
-          ASSERT_NE(id1, id3);
-          ASSERT_GE(id3.size(), kMinIdSize);
-        }
-        if (write_file) {
-          ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
-          ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id3);
-
-          // Recover from truncated IDENTITY
-          std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> w;
-          ASSERT_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(idfilename, &w, EnvOptions()));
-          ASSERT_OK(w->Close());
-        } else {
-          ASSERT_TRUE(env_->FileExists(idfilename).IsNotFound());
-        }
-        Reopen(options);
-        std::string id4;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id4));
-        if (with_manifest) {
-          // id4 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
-          ASSERT_EQ(id1, id4);
-        } else {
-          // id4 should NOT match id1 because identity was regenerated
-          ASSERT_NE(id1, id4);
-          ASSERT_GE(id4.size(), kMinIdSize);
-        }
-        std::string silly_id = "asdf123456789";
-        if (write_file) {
-          ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
-          ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id4);
-
-          // Recover from overwritten IDENTITY
-          std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> w;
-          ASSERT_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(idfilename, &w, EnvOptions()));
-          ASSERT_OK(w->Append(silly_id));
-          ASSERT_OK(w->Close());
-        } else {
-          ASSERT_TRUE(env_->FileExists(idfilename).IsNotFound());
-        }
-        Reopen(options);
-        std::string id5;
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id5));
-        if (with_manifest) {
-          // id4 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
-          ASSERT_EQ(id1, id5);
-        } else {
-          ASSERT_EQ(id5, silly_id);
-        }
-        if (write_file) {
-          ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
-          ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id5);
-        } else {
-          ASSERT_TRUE(env_->FileExists(idfilename).IsNotFound());
-        }
+      // Recover from deleted/missing IDENTITY
+      ASSERT_OK(env_->DeleteFile(idfilename));
+      Reopen(options);
+      std::string id3;
+      ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id3));
+      if (with_manifest) {
+        // id3 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
+        ASSERT_EQ(id1, id3);
+      } else {
+        // id3 should NOT match id1 because identity was regenerated
+        ASSERT_NE(id1, id3);
+        ASSERT_GE(id3.size(), kMinIdSize);
      }
+      ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
+      ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id3);
+
+      // Recover from truncated IDENTITY
+      {
+        std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> w;
+        ASSERT_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(idfilename, &w, EnvOptions()));
+        ASSERT_OK(w->Close());
+      }
+      Reopen(options);
+      std::string id4;
+      ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id4));
+      if (with_manifest) {
+        // id4 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
+        ASSERT_EQ(id1, id4);
+      } else {
+        // id4 should NOT match id1 because identity was regenerated
+        ASSERT_NE(id1, id4);
+        ASSERT_GE(id4.size(), kMinIdSize);
+      }
+      ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
+      ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id4);
+
+      // Recover from overwritten IDENTITY
+      std::string silly_id = "asdf123456789";
+      {
+        std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> w;
+        ASSERT_OK(env_->NewWritableFile(idfilename, &w, EnvOptions()));
+        ASSERT_OK(w->Append(silly_id));
+        ASSERT_OK(w->Close());
+      }
+      Reopen(options);
+      std::string id5;
+      ASSERT_OK(db_->GetDbIdentity(id5));
+      if (with_manifest) {
+        // id4 should match id1 because identity was restored from manifest
+        ASSERT_EQ(id1, id5);
+      } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(id5, silly_id);
+      }
+      ASSERT_OK(ReadFileToString(env_, idfilename, &tmp));
+      ASSERT_EQ(tmp, id5);
    }
  } while (ChangeCompactOptions());
 }
@@ -1439,7 +1413,7 @@ TEST_P(DBMultiGetTestWithParam, MultiGetMultiCF) {
  int get_sv_count = 0;
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBImpl* db = static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
+      "DBImpl::MultiGet::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        if (++get_sv_count == 2) {
          // After MultiGet refs a couple of CFs, flush all CFs so MultiGet
          // is forced to repeat the process
@@ -1539,10 +1513,9 @@ TEST_P(DBMultiGetTestWithParam, MultiGetMultiCFMutex) {
  int retries = 0;
  bool last_try = false;
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::LastTry",
-      [&](void* /*arg*/) { last_try = true; });
+      "DBImpl::MultiGet::LastTry", [&](void* /*arg*/) { last_try = true; });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
+      "DBImpl::MultiGet::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        if (last_try) {
          return;
        }
@@ -1558,10 +1531,10 @@ TEST_P(DBMultiGetTestWithParam, MultiGetMultiCFMutex) {
        }
      });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::AfterLastTryRefSV",
+      {"DBImpl::MultiGet::AfterLastTryRefSV",
       "DBMultiGetTestWithParam::MultiGetMultiCFMutex:BeforeCreateSV"},
      {"DBMultiGetTestWithParam::MultiGetMultiCFMutex:AfterCreateSV",
-       "DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::BeforeLastTryUnRefSV"},
+       "DBImpl::MultiGet::BeforeLastTryUnRefSV"},
  });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

@@ -1627,7 +1600,7 @@ TEST_P(DBMultiGetTestWithParam, MultiGetMultiCFSnapshot) {
  int get_sv_count = 0;
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBImpl* db = static_cast_with_check<DBImpl>(db_);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
+      "DBImpl::MultiGet::AfterRefSV", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        if (++get_sv_count == 2) {
          for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            ASSERT_OK(Flush(i));
@@ -3431,46 +3404,6 @@ class TableFileListener : public EventListener {
  InstrumentedMutex mutex_;
  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> cf_to_paths_;
 };
-
-class FlushTableFileListener : public EventListener {
- public:
-  void OnTableFileCreated(const TableFileCreationInfo& info) override {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-    if (info.reason != TableFileCreationReason::kFlush) {
-      return;
-    }
-    cf_to_flushed_files_[info.cf_name].push_back(info.file_path);
-  }
-  std::vector<std::string>& GetFlushedFiles(const std::string& cf_name) {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-    return cf_to_flushed_files_[cf_name];
-  }
-
- private:
-  InstrumentedMutex mutex_;
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>
-      cf_to_flushed_files_;
-};
-
-class FlushBlobFileListener : public EventListener {
- public:
-  void OnBlobFileCreated(const BlobFileCreationInfo& info) override {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-    if (info.reason != BlobFileCreationReason::kFlush) {
-      return;
-    }
-    cf_to_flushed_blobs_files_[info.cf_name].push_back(info.file_path);
-  }
-  std::vector<std::string>& GetFlushedBlobFiles(const std::string& cf_name) {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&mutex_);
-    return cf_to_flushed_blobs_files_[cf_name];
-  }
-
- private:
-  InstrumentedMutex mutex_;
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>>
-      cf_to_flushed_blobs_files_;
-};
 }  // anonymous namespace

 TEST_F(DBBasicTest, LastSstFileNotInManifest) {
@@ -3576,121 +3509,6 @@ TEST_F(DBBasicTest, RecoverWithMissingFiles) {
  }
 }

-// Param 0: whether to enable blob DB.
-// Param 1: when blob DB is enabled, whether to also delete the missing L0
-// file's associated blob file.
-class BestEffortsRecoverIncompleteVersionTest
-    : public DBTestBase,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
- public:
-  BestEffortsRecoverIncompleteVersionTest()
-      : DBTestBase("best_efforts_recover_incomplete_version_test",
-                   /*env_do_fsync=*/false) {}
-};
-
-TEST_P(BestEffortsRecoverIncompleteVersionTest, Basic) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.enable_blob_files = std::get<0>(GetParam());
-  bool delete_blob_file_too = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-  FlushTableFileListener* flush_table_listener = new FlushTableFileListener();
-  FlushBlobFileListener* flush_blob_listener = new FlushBlobFileListener();
-  // Disable auto compaction to simplify SST file name tracking.
-  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  options.listeners.emplace_back(flush_table_listener);
-  options.listeners.emplace_back(flush_blob_listener);
-  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu", "eevee"}, options);
-  std::vector<std::string> all_cf_names = {kDefaultColumnFamilyName, "pikachu",
-                                           "eevee"};
-  int num_cfs = static_cast<int>(handles_.size());
-  ASSERT_EQ(3, num_cfs);
-  std::string start = "a";
-  Slice start_slice = start;
-  std::string end = "d";
-  Slice end_slice = end;
-  for (int cf = 0; cf != num_cfs; ++cf) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(cf, "a", "a_value"));
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(cf));
-    // Compact file to L1 to avoid trivial file move in the next compaction
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[cf],
-                                &start_slice, &end_slice));
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(cf, "a", "a_value_new"));
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(cf));
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(cf, "b", "b_value"));
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(cf));
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(cf, "f", "f_value"));
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(cf));
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[cf],
-                                &start_slice, &end_slice));
-  }
-
-  dbfull()->TEST_DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-
-  // Delete the most recent L0 file which is before a compaction.
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_cfs; ++i) {
-    std::vector<std::string>& files =
-        flush_table_listener->GetFlushedFiles(all_cf_names[i]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(4, files.size());
-    ASSERT_OK(env_->DeleteFile(files[files.size() - 1]));
-    if (options.enable_blob_files) {
-      std::vector<std::string>& blob_files =
-          flush_blob_listener->GetFlushedBlobFiles(all_cf_names[i]);
-      ASSERT_EQ(4, blob_files.size());
-      if (delete_blob_file_too) {
-        ASSERT_OK(env_->DeleteFile(blob_files[files.size() - 1]));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  options.best_efforts_recovery = true;
-  ReopenWithColumnFamilies(all_cf_names, options);
-
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_cfs; ++i) {
-    auto cfh = static_cast<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl*>(handles_[i]);
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd = cfh->cfd();
-    VersionStorageInfo* vstorage = cfd->current()->storage_info();
-    // The L0 file flushed right before the last compaction is missing.
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, vstorage->LevelFiles(0).size());
-    // Only the output of the last compaction is available.
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, vstorage->LevelFiles(1).size());
-  }
-  // Verify data
-  ReadOptions read_opts;
-  read_opts.total_order_seek = true;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_cfs; ++i) {
-    std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter(db_->NewIterator(read_opts, handles_[i]));
-    iter->SeekToFirst();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ("a", iter->key());
-    ASSERT_EQ("a_value_new", iter->value());
-    iter->Next();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ("b", iter->key());
-    ASSERT_EQ("b_value", iter->value());
-    iter->Next();
-    ASSERT_FALSE(iter->Valid());
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-  }
-
-  // Write more data.
-  for (int cf = 0; cf < num_cfs; ++cf) {
-    ASSERT_OK(Put(cf, "g", "g_value"));
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush(cf));
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), handles_[cf], nullptr,
-                                nullptr));
-    std::string value;
-    ASSERT_OK(db_->Get(ReadOptions(), handles_[cf], "g", &value));
-    ASSERT_EQ("g_value", value);
-  }
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BestEffortsRecoverIncompleteVersionTest,
-                        BestEffortsRecoverIncompleteVersionTest,
-                        testing::Values(std::make_tuple(false, false),
-                                        std::make_tuple(true, false),
-                                        std::make_tuple(true, true)));
-
 TEST_F(DBBasicTest, BestEffortsRecoveryTryMultipleManifests) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.env = env_;
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/table_properties.h"
 #include "table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h"
 #include "table/unique_id_impl.h"
-#include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 #include "util/compression.h"
 #include "util/defer.h"
 #include "util/hash.h"
@@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ TEST_P(DBBlockCacheTest1, WarmCacheWithBlocksDuringFlush) {
  }
 }

-TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, DynamicOptions) {
+TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, DynamicallyWarmCacheDuringFlush) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
  options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
@@ -578,74 +577,39 @@ TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, DynamicOptions) {
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  std::string value(kValueSize, 'a');
-  auto st = options.statistics;

-  size_t i = 1;
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
+    ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
+    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));

-  ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(
+        0, options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+  }

-  ++i;
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
      {{"block_based_table_factory", "{prepopulate_block_cache=kDisable;}"}}));

-  ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+  for (size_t i = 6; i <= kNumBlocks; i++) {
+    ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
+    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));

-  ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
-
-  ++i;
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
-                                   "{prepopulate_block_cache=kFlushOnly;}"}}));
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
-
-  ++i;
-  // NOT YET SUPPORTED
-  // FIXME: find a way to make this fail again (until well supported)
-  // ASSERT_NOK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-  //    {{"block_based_table_factory", "{block_cache=null;}"}}));
-
-  // ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
-  // ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-
-  // ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
-
-  // ++i;
-
-  // NOT YET SUPPORTED
-  // FIXME: find a way to make this fail again (until well supported)
-  // ASSERT_NOK(dbfull()->SetOptions(
-  //    {{"block_based_table_factory", "{block_cache=1M;}"}}));
-
-  // ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i), value));
-  // ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  // ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-
-  // ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(0, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
-  // ASSERT_EQ(1, st->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(value, Get(std::to_string(i)));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(
+        1, options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_MISS));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              options.statistics->getAndResetTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_HIT));
+  }
 }
 #endif

@@ -776,6 +740,118 @@ class LookupLiarCache : public CacheWrapper {

 }  // anonymous namespace

+TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, AddRedundantStats) {
+  const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
+  const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
+  int iterations_tested = 0;
+  for (const std::shared_ptr<Cache>& base_cache :
+       {NewLRUCache(capacity, num_shard_bits),
+        // FixedHyperClockCache
+        HyperClockCacheOptions(
+            capacity,
+            BlockBasedTableOptions().block_size /*estimated_value_size*/,
+            num_shard_bits)
+            .MakeSharedCache(),
+        // AutoHyperClockCache
+        HyperClockCacheOptions(capacity, 0 /*estimated_value_size*/,
+                               num_shard_bits)
+            .MakeSharedCache()}) {
+    if (!base_cache) {
+      // Skip clock cache when not supported
+      continue;
+    }
+    ++iterations_tested;
+    Options options = CurrentOptions();
+    options.create_if_missing = true;
+    options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<LookupLiarCache> cache =
+        std::make_shared<LookupLiarCache>(base_cache);
+
+    BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
+    table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
+    table_options.block_cache = cache;
+    table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
+    DestroyAndReopen(options);
+
+    // Create a new table.
+    ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "value"));
+    ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "value"));
+    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
+
+    // Normal access filter+index+data.
+    ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("foo"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Againt access filter+index+data, but force redundant load+insert on index
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(2);
+    ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("bar"));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Access just filter (with high probability), and force redundant
+    // load+insert
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
+    ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get("this key was not added"));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+
+    // Access just data, forcing redundant load+insert
+    ReadOptions read_options;
+    std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter{db_->NewIterator(read_options)};
+    cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
+    iter->SeekToFirst();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), "bar");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+    // --------
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
+  }
+  EXPECT_GE(iterations_tested, 1);
+}
+
 TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, ParanoidFileChecks) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
@@ -1271,274 +1347,6 @@ TEST_F(DBBlockCacheTest, HyperClockCacheReportProblems) {
  EXPECT_EQ(logger->PopCounts(), (std::array<int, 3>{{0, 1, 0}}));
 }

-class DBBlockCacheTypeTest
-    : public DBBlockCacheTest,
-      public secondary_cache_test_util::WithCacheTypeParam {};
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTestInstance, DBBlockCacheTypeTest,
-                        secondary_cache_test_util::GetTestingCacheTypes());
-
-TEST_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTest, AddRedundantStats) {
-  BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-
-  const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
-  const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
-  estimated_value_size_ = table_options.block_size;
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> base_cache =
-      NewCache(capacity, num_shard_bits, /*strict_capacity_limit=*/false);
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
-
-  std::shared_ptr<LookupLiarCache> cache =
-      std::make_shared<LookupLiarCache>(base_cache);
-
-  table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
-  table_options.block_cache = cache;
-  table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(50));
-  options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  // Create a new table.
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "value"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "value"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-  // Normal access filter+index+data.
-  ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("foo"));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Againt access filter+index+data, but force redundant load+insert on index
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(2);
-  ASSERT_EQ("value", Get("bar"));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(4, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  ASSERT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Access just filter (with high probability), and force redundant
-  // load+insert
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
-  ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get("this key was not added"));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(5, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-
-  // Access just data, forcing redundant load+insert
-  ReadOptions read_options;
-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter{db_->NewIterator(read_options)};
-  cache->SetNthLookupNotFound(1);
-  iter->SeekToFirst();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
-  ASSERT_EQ(iter->key(), "bar");
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD));
-  EXPECT_EQ(2, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(6, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD));
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_INDEX_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_FILTER_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_DATA_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-  // --------
-  EXPECT_EQ(3, TestGetTickerCount(options, BLOCK_CACHE_ADD_REDUNDANT));
-}
-
-namespace {
-std::string AltKey(int i) {
-  char buf[100];
-  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "altkey%06d", i);
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-TEST_P(DBBlockCacheTypeTest, Uncache) {
-  for (bool partitioned : {false, true}) {
-    SCOPED_TRACE("partitioned=" + std::to_string(partitioned));
-    for (uint32_t ua : {0, 1, 2, 10000}) {
-      SCOPED_TRACE("ua=" + std::to_string(ua));
-
-      BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
-      Options options = CurrentOptions();
-      options.uncache_aggressiveness = ua;
-      options.create_if_missing = true;
-      // Don't allow background operations to keep Versions referenced
-      options.stats_dump_period_sec = 0;
-      options.stats_persist_period_sec = 0;
-      auto stats = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
-      options.statistics = stats;
-
-      const size_t capacity = size_t{1} << 25;
-      const int num_shard_bits = 0;  // 1 shard
-      estimated_value_size_ = table_options.block_size;
-      std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-          NewCache(capacity, num_shard_bits, /*strict_capacity_limit=*/false);
-
-      table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = true;
-      table_options.block_cache = cache;
-      table_options.filter_policy.reset(NewBloomFilterPolicy(10));
-      table_options.partition_filters = partitioned;
-      table_options.index_type =
-          partitioned ? BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kTwoLevelIndexSearch
-                      : BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType::kBinarySearch;
-      options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options));
-      DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-      size_t kBaselineCount = 1;  // Because of entry stats collector
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(kBaselineCount, cache->GetOccupancyCount());
-      ASSERT_EQ(0U, cache->GetUsage());
-
-      constexpr uint8_t kNumDataBlocks = 10;
-      constexpr uint8_t kNumFiles = 3;
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        // Force some overlap with ordering
-        ASSERT_OK(Put(Key((i * 7) % kNumDataBlocks),
-                      Random::GetTLSInstance()->RandomBinaryString(
-                          static_cast<int>(table_options.block_size))));
-        if (i >= kNumDataBlocks - kNumFiles) {
-          ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-        }
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      size_t meta_blocks_per_file = /*index & filter*/ 2U * (1U + partitioned);
-      ASSERT_EQ(
-          cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-          kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks + meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-      ASSERT_GE(cache->GetUsage(), kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-
-      // Combine into one file, making the originals obsolete
-      ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange({}, nullptr, nullptr));
-      ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForBackgroundWork());
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(1, NumTableFilesAtLevel(1));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      if (ua == 0) {
-        // Expect to see cache entries for new file and obsolete files
-        EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                  kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks * 2U +
-                      meta_blocks_per_file * (kNumFiles + 1));
-        EXPECT_GE(cache->GetUsage(),
-                  kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size * 2U);
-      } else {
-        // Expect only to see cache entries for new file
-        EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                  kBaselineCount + kNumDataBlocks + meta_blocks_per_file);
-        EXPECT_GE(cache->GetUsage(), kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-        EXPECT_LT(cache->GetUsage(),
-                  kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size * 2U);
-      }
-
-      size_t alt_baseline_count = cache->GetOccupancyCount();
-      size_t alt_baseline_usage = cache->GetUsage();
-      ASSERT_OK(stats->Reset());
-      // We aren't generally cleaning up cache entries on DB::Close, especially
-      // because someone might just re-open the same DB.
-      Reopen(options);
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(Key(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(), alt_baseline_count);
-      EXPECT_EQ(cache->GetUsage(), alt_baseline_usage);
-
-      // Check for unnecessary unncessary cache churn
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_ADD), 0U);
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS), 0U);
-      ASSERT_GT(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_HIT), 0U);
-
-      // And now do a similar test as above except with trivial moves, making
-      // sure that we aren't falsely uncaching in that case, which would cause
-      // unnecessary cache misses. Using AltKey instead of Key to avoid
-      // interference.
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        // No overlap
-        ASSERT_OK(
-            Put(AltKey(i), Random::GetTLSInstance()->RandomBinaryString(
-                               static_cast<int>(table_options.block_size))));
-        if (i >= kNumDataBlocks - kNumFiles) {
-          ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-        }
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(0));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(AltKey(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      ASSERT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                alt_baseline_count + kNumDataBlocks +
-                    meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-      ASSERT_GE(cache->GetUsage(),
-                alt_baseline_usage + kNumDataBlocks * table_options.block_size);
-
-      ASSERT_OK(stats->Reset());
-
-      // Make trivial move
-      {
-        auto a = AltKey(0);
-        auto b = AltKey(kNumDataBlocks);
-        Slice slice_a{a};
-        Slice slice_b{b};
-        ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange({}, &slice_a, &slice_b));
-      }
-      ASSERT_EQ(/*old*/ 1 + /*new*/ int{kNumFiles}, NumTableFilesAtLevel(1));
-
-      for (int i = 0; i < kNumDataBlocks; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(Get(AltKey(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
-      }
-
-      // Should be the same if trivial move
-      ASSERT_EQ(cache->GetOccupancyCount(),
-                alt_baseline_count + kNumDataBlocks +
-                    meta_blocks_per_file * kNumFiles);
-
-      // Check for unnecessary unncessary cache churn
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_ADD), 0U);
-      ASSERT_EQ(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_MISS), 0U);
-      ASSERT_GT(stats->getTickerCount(BLOCK_CACHE_HIT), 0U);
-    }
-  }
-}

 class DBBlockCacheKeyTest
    : public DBTestBase,
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "env/mock_env.h"
 #include "port/port.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
-#include "rocksdb/advanced_options.h"
 #include "rocksdb/concurrent_task_limiter.h"
 #include "rocksdb/experimental.h"
 #include "rocksdb/sst_file_writer.h"
@@ -6144,14 +6143,6 @@ TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, CompactionLimiter) {
        }
      });

-  std::vector<std::string> pending_compaction_cfs;
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "EnqueuePendingCompaction::cfd", [&](void* arg) {
-        const std::string& cf_name =
-            static_cast<ColumnFamilyData*>(arg)->GetName();
-        pending_compaction_cfs.emplace_back(cf_name);
-      });
-
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  // Block all compact threads in thread pool.
@@ -6205,15 +6196,8 @@ TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, CompactionLimiter) {
              NumTableFilesAtLevel(0, 0));
  }

-  // Wait until all CFs are pending compaction. WaitForFlushMemtable() can
-  // return before the next compaction is scheduled, so we need to do some
-  // waiting here.
-  unsigned int tp_len = env_->GetThreadPoolQueueLen(Env::LOW);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 10000 && tp_len < cf_count; i++) {
-    env_->SleepForMicroseconds(1000);
-    tp_len = env_->GetThreadPoolQueueLen(Env::LOW);
-  }
-  ASSERT_EQ(cf_count, tp_len);
+  // All CFs are pending compaction
+  ASSERT_EQ(cf_count, env_->GetThreadPoolQueueLen(Env::LOW));

  // Unblock all compaction threads
  for (size_t i = 0; i < kTotalCompactTasks; i++) {
@@ -7121,8 +7105,7 @@ class DBCompactionTestWithOngoingFileIngestionParam
      SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
          "ExternalSstFileIngestionJob::Run", [&](void*) {
            SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-                {{"DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl::"
-                  "PostSanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles",
+                {{"DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl::PostSanitizeCompactionInputFiles",
                  "VersionSet::LogAndApply:WriteManifest"}});
          });
    } else {
@@ -7604,72 +7587,6 @@ class DBCompactionTestL0FilesMisorderCorruption : public DBCompactionTest {
  std::shared_ptr<test::SleepingBackgroundTask> sleeping_task_;
 };

-TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, CompactFilesSupportKeyPlacementRangeConflict) {
-  Options options;
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleUniversal;
-  options.num_levels = 3;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  // To create LSM of below shape:
-  // L0: [k2]
-  // L1: [k3],[k4]
-  // L2: [k1,  k5]
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k5", "v"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  CompactRangeOptions cro;
-  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized;
-  ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(cro, nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k3", "v"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k4", "v"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(experimental::PromoteL0(db_, db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), 1));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,2,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k2", "v"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_EQ("1,2,1", FilesPerLevel());
-
-  Close();
-
-  // To force below two CompactFiles() in order to coerce range conflict on L1
-  // upon (2)
-  // (1): Compact [k2] at L0 and [k3] at L1 with output to L1
-  // (2): Compact [k4] at L1 and [k1, k5] at L2 and output to L1 and L2
-  options.preclude_last_level_data_seconds = 1;
-  Reopen(options);
-
-  ColumnFamilyMetaData cf_meta_data;
-  db_->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(&cf_meta_data);
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactFilesImpl:0", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
-        std::vector<std::string> c2_input_files;
-        c2_input_files.push_back(cf_meta_data.levels[1].files[1].name);
-        c2_input_files.push_back(cf_meta_data.levels[2].files[0].name);
-        // To verify CompactFiles() is aborted upon range conflict instead
-        // of crashing upon internal assertion
-        Status s = db_->CompactFiles(CompactionOptions(), c2_input_files,
-                                     2 /* output_level */);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsAborted());
-      });
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  std::vector<std::string> c1_input_files;
-  c1_input_files.push_back(cf_meta_data.levels[0].files[0].name);
-  c1_input_files.push_back(cf_meta_data.levels[1].files[0].name);
-  Status s = db_->CompactFiles(CompactionOptions(), c1_input_files,
-                               1 /* output_level */);
-  ASSERT_OK(s);
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-}
-
 TEST_F(DBCompactionTestL0FilesMisorderCorruption,
       FlushAfterIntraL0LevelCompactionWithIngestedFile) {
  SetupOptions(CompactionStyle::kCompactionStyleLevel, "");
@@ -9357,13 +9274,12 @@ TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, FIFOChangeTemperature) {
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());

    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(0), "value1"));
+    env_->MockSleepForSeconds(800);
    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(2), "value2"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());

-    // First two L0 files both become eligible for temperature change compaction
-    // They should be compacted one-by-one.
    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(0), "value1"));
-    env_->MockSleepForSeconds(1200);
+    env_->MockSleepForSeconds(800);
    ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(2), "value2"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
@@ -10035,62 +9951,6 @@ TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, TurnOnLevelCompactionDynamicLevelBytesUCToLC) {
  ASSERT_EQ(expected_lsm, FilesPerLevel(1));
 }

-TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, DisallowRefitFilesFromNonL0ToL02) {
-  Options options = CurrentOptions();
-  options.compaction_style = CompactionStyle::kCompactionStyleLevel;
-  options.num_levels = 3;
-  DestroyAndReopen(options);
-
-  // To set up LSM shape:
-  // L0
-  // L1
-  // L2:[a@1, k@3], [k@2, z@4] (sorted by ascending smallest key)
-  // Both of these 2 files have epoch number = 1
-  const Snapshot* s1 = db_->GetSnapshot();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("a", "@1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k", "@2"));
-  const Snapshot* s2 = db_->GetSnapshot();
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k", "@3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("z", "v3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  // Cut file between k@3 and k@2
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "CompactionOutputs::ShouldStopBefore::manual_decision",
-      [options](void* p) {
-        auto* pair = (std::pair<bool*, const Slice>*)p;
-        if ((options.comparator->Compare(ExtractUserKey(pair->second), "k") ==
-             0) &&
-            (GetInternalKeySeqno(pair->second) == 2)) {
-          *(pair->first) = true;
-        }
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  CompactRangeOptions cro;
-  cro.bottommost_level_compaction = BottommostLevelCompaction::kForceOptimized;
-  cro.change_level = true;
-  cro.target_level = 2;
-  Status s = dbfull()->CompactRange(cro, nullptr, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_OK(s);
-  ASSERT_EQ("0,0,2", FilesPerLevel());
-  std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> files;
-  dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&files);
-  ASSERT_EQ(files.size(), 2);
-  ASSERT_EQ(files[0].smallestkey, "a");
-  ASSERT_EQ(files[0].largestkey, "k");
-  ASSERT_EQ(files[1].smallestkey, "k");
-  ASSERT_EQ(files[1].largestkey, "z");
-
-  // Disallow moving 2 non-L0 files to L0
-  CompactRangeOptions cro2;
-  cro2.change_level = true;
-  cro2.target_level = 0;
-  s = dbfull()->CompactRange(cro2, nullptr, nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsAborted());
-
-  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(s1);
-  db_->ReleaseSnapshot(s2);
-}
-
 TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, DrainUnnecessaryLevelsAfterMultiplierChanged) {
  // When the level size multiplier increases such that fewer levels become
  // necessary, unnecessary levels should to be drained.
@@ -10623,97 +10483,6 @@ TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, ReleaseCompactionDuringManifestWrite) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
 }

-TEST_F(DBCompactionTest, RecordNewestKeyTimeForTtlCompaction) {
-  Options options;
-  SetTimeElapseOnlySleepOnReopen(&options);
-  options.env = CurrentOptions().env;
-  options.compaction_style = kCompactionStyleFIFO;
-  options.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
-  options.write_buffer_size = 10 << 10;  // 10KB
-  options.arena_block_size = 4096;
-  options.compression = kNoCompression;
-  options.create_if_missing = true;
-  options.compaction_options_fifo.allow_compaction = false;
-  options.num_levels = 1;
-  env_->SetMockSleep();
-  options.env = env_;
-  options.ttl = 1 * 60 * 60;  // 1 hour
-  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
-
-  // Generate and flush 4 files, each about 10KB
-  // Compaction is manually disabled at this point so we can check
-  // each file's newest_key_time
-  Random rnd(301);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
-      ASSERT_OK(Put(std::to_string(i * 20 + j), rnd.RandomString(980)));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-    env_->MockSleepForSeconds(5);
-  }
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0), 4);
-
-  // Check that we are populating newest_key_time on flush
-  std::vector<FileMetaData*> file_metadatas = GetLevelFileMetadatas(0);
-  ASSERT_EQ(file_metadatas.size(), 4);
-  uint64_t first_newest_key_time =
-      file_metadatas[0]->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()->newest_key_time;
-  ASSERT_NE(first_newest_key_time, kUnknownNewestKeyTime);
-  // Check that the newest_key_times are in expected ordering
-  uint64_t prev_newest_key_time = first_newest_key_time;
-  for (size_t idx = 1; idx < file_metadatas.size(); idx++) {
-    uint64_t newest_key_time = file_metadatas[idx]
-                                   ->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()
-                                   ->newest_key_time;
-
-    ASSERT_LT(newest_key_time, prev_newest_key_time);
-    prev_newest_key_time = newest_key_time;
-    ASSERT_EQ(newest_key_time, file_metadatas[idx]
-                                   ->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()
-                                   ->creation_time);
-  }
-  // The delta between the first and last newest_key_times is 15s
-  uint64_t last_newest_key_time = prev_newest_key_time;
-  ASSERT_EQ(15, first_newest_key_time - last_newest_key_time);
-
-  // After compaction, the newest_key_time of the output file should be the max
-  // of the input files
-  options.compaction_options_fifo.allow_compaction = true;
-  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0), 1);
-  file_metadatas = GetLevelFileMetadatas(0);
-  ASSERT_EQ(file_metadatas.size(), 1);
-  ASSERT_EQ(
-      file_metadatas[0]->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()->newest_key_time,
-      first_newest_key_time);
-  // Contrast newest_key_time with creation_time, which records the oldest
-  // ancestor time (15s older than newest_key_time)
-  ASSERT_EQ(
-      file_metadatas[0]->fd.table_reader->GetTableProperties()->creation_time,
-      last_newest_key_time);
-  ASSERT_EQ(file_metadatas[0]->oldest_ancester_time, last_newest_key_time);
-
-  // Make sure TTL of 5s causes compaction
-  env_->MockSleepForSeconds(6);
-
-  // The oldest input file is older than 15s
-  // However the newest of the compaction input files is younger than 15s, so
-  // we don't compact
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions({{"ttl", "15"}}));
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().ttl, 15);
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0), 1);
-
-  // Now even the youngest input file is too old
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions({{"ttl", "5"}}));
-  ASSERT_EQ(dbfull()->GetOptions().ttl, 5);
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact());
-  ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0), 0);
-}
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
 #include "rocksdb/metadata.h"
-#include "rocksdb/transaction_log.h"
 #include "rocksdb/types.h"
 #include "test_util/sync_point.h"
 #include "util/file_checksum_helper.h"
@@ -92,12 +91,7 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFiles(std::vector<std::string>& ret,
  return Status::OK();
 }

-Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files) {
-  return GetSortedWalFilesImpl(files,
-                               /*need_seqnos*/ true);
-}
-
-Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
+Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files) {
  // Record tracked WALs as a (minimum) cross-check for directory scan
  std::vector<uint64_t> required_by_manifest;

@@ -123,10 +117,7 @@ Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
    }
  }

-  // NOTE: need to include archived WALs because needed WALs might have been
-  // archived since getting required_by_manifest set
-  Status s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(files, need_seqnos,
-                                            /*include_archived*/ true);
+  Status s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(files);

  // DisableFileDeletions / EnableFileDeletions not supported in read-only DB
  if (deletions_disabled.ok()) {
@@ -160,33 +151,10 @@ Status DBImpl::GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos) {
    }
  }

-  if (s.ok()) {
-    size_t wal_count = files.size();
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "Number of WAL files %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt " (%" ROCKSDB_PRIszt
-                   " required by manifest)",
-                   wal_count, required_by_manifest.size());
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    std::ostringstream wal_names;
-    for (const auto& wal : files) {
-      wal_names << wal->PathName() << " ";
-    }
-
-    std::ostringstream wal_required_by_manifest_names;
-    for (const auto& wal : required_by_manifest) {
-      wal_required_by_manifest_names << wal << ".log ";
-    }
-
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "Log files : %s .Log files required by manifest: %s.",
-                   wal_names.str().c_str(),
-                   wal_required_by_manifest_names.str().c_str());
-#endif  // NDEBUG
-  }
  return s;
 }

-Status DBImpl::GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* current_log_file) {
+Status DBImpl::GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* current_log_file) {
  uint64_t current_logfile_number;
  {
    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
@@ -207,20 +175,14 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  // NOTE: This implementation was largely migrated from Checkpoint.

  Status s;
-  VectorWalPtr live_wal_files;
+  VectorLogPtr live_wal_files;
  bool flush_memtable = true;
  if (!immutable_db_options_.allow_2pc) {
    if (opts.wal_size_for_flush == std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) {
      flush_memtable = false;
    } else if (opts.wal_size_for_flush > 0) {
-      // FIXME: avoid querying the filesystem for current WAL state
-      // If the outstanding WAL files are small, we skip the flush.
-      // Don't take archived log size into account when calculating wal
-      // size for flush, and don't need to verify consistency with manifest
-      // here & now.
-      s = wal_manager_.GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files,
-                                         /* need_seqnos */ false,
-                                         /*include_archived*/ false);
+      // If the outstanding log files are small, we skip the flush.
+      s = GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files);

      if (!s.ok()) {
        return s;
@@ -231,7 +193,6 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
      // We may be able to cover 2PC case too.
      uint64_t total_wal_size = 0;
      for (auto& wal : live_wal_files) {
-        assert(wal->Type() == kAliveLogFile);
        total_wal_size += wal->SizeFileBytes();
      }
      if (total_wal_size < opts.wal_size_for_flush) {
@@ -245,18 +206,12 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  // metadata.
  mutex_.Lock();
  if (flush_memtable) {
-    bool wal_locked = lock_wal_count_ > 0;
-    if (wal_locked) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                     "Can't FlushForGetLiveFiles while WAL is locked");
-    } else {
-      Status status = FlushForGetLiveFiles();
-      if (!status.ok()) {
-        mutex_.Unlock();
-        ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                        "Cannot Flush data %s\n", status.ToString().c_str());
-        return status;
-      }
+    Status status = FlushForGetLiveFiles();
+    if (!status.ok()) {
+      mutex_.Unlock();
+      ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Cannot Flush data %s\n",
+                      status.ToString().c_str());
+      return status;
    }
  }

@@ -332,8 +287,6 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  const uint64_t options_number = versions_->options_file_number();
  const uint64_t options_size = versions_->options_file_size_;
  const uint64_t min_log_num = MinLogNumberToKeep();
-  // Ensure consistency with manifest for track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest
-  const uint64_t max_log_num = logfile_number_;

  mutex_.Unlock();

@@ -397,13 +350,10 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCheckpoint:SavedLiveFiles2");

  if (s.ok()) {
-    // FlushWAL is required to ensure we can physically copy everything
-    // logically written to the WAL. (Sync not strictly required for
-    // active WAL to be copied rather than hard linked, even when
-    // Checkpoint guarantees that the copied-to file is sync-ed. Plus we can't
-    // help track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest after manifest_size is
-    // already determined.)
-    s = FlushWAL(/*sync=*/false);
+    // To maximize the effectiveness of track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest,
+    // sync WAL when it is enabled.
+    s = FlushWAL(
+        immutable_db_options_.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest /* sync */);
    if (s.IsNotSupported()) {  // read-only DB or similar
      s = Status::OK();
    }
@@ -412,52 +362,25 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCustomCheckpoint:AfterGetLive1");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CheckpointImpl::CreateCustomCheckpoint:AfterGetLive2");

-  // Even after WAL flush, there could be multiple WALs that are not
-  // fully synced. Although the output DB of a Checkpoint or Backup needs
-  // to be fully synced on return, we don't strictly need to sync this
-  // DB (the input DB). If we allow Checkpoint to hard link an inactive
-  // WAL that isn't fully synced, that could result in an insufficiently
-  // sync-ed Checkpoint. Here we get the set of WALs that are potentially
-  // unsynced or still being written to, to prevent them from being hard
-  // linked. Enforcing max_log_num from above ensures any new WALs after
-  // GetOpenWalSizes() and before GetSortedWalFiles() are not included in
-  // the results.
-  // NOTE: we might still hard link a file that is open for writing, even
-  // if we don't do any more writes to it.
-  //
-  // In a step toward reducing unnecessary file metadata queries, we also
-  // get and use our known flushed sizes for those WALs.
-  // FIXME: eventually we should not be using filesystem queries at all for
-  // the required set of WAL files.
-  //
-  // However for recycled log files, we just copy the whole file,
-  // for better or worse.
-  //
-  std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t> open_wal_number_to_size;
-  bool recycling_log_files = immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0;
-  if (s.ok() && !recycling_log_files) {
-    s = GetOpenWalSizes(open_wal_number_to_size);
-  }
-
-  // [old comment] If we have more than one column family, we also need to get
-  // WAL files.
+  // If we have more than one column family, we also need to get WAL files.
  if (s.ok()) {
-    // FIXME: avoid querying the filesystem for current WAL state
-    s = GetSortedWalFilesImpl(live_wal_files,
-                              /* need_seqnos */ false);
+    s = GetSortedWalFiles(live_wal_files);
  }
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }

-  size_t wal_count = live_wal_files.size();
+  size_t wal_size = live_wal_files.size();
+
+  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
+                 "Number of log files %" ROCKSDB_PRIszt, live_wal_files.size());
+
  // Link WAL files. Copy exact size of last one because it is the only one
  // that has changes after the last flush.
  auto wal_dir = immutable_db_options_.GetWalDir();
-  for (size_t i = 0; s.ok() && i < wal_count; ++i) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; s.ok() && i < wal_size; ++i) {
    if ((live_wal_files[i]->Type() == kAliveLogFile) &&
-        (!flush_memtable || live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() >= min_log_num) &&
-        live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() <= max_log_num) {
+        (!flush_memtable || live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber() >= min_log_num)) {
      results.emplace_back();
      LiveFileStorageInfo& info = results.back();
      auto f = live_wal_files[i]->PathName();
@@ -466,29 +389,12 @@ Status DBImpl::GetLiveFilesStorageInfo(
      info.directory = wal_dir;
      info.file_number = live_wal_files[i]->LogNumber();
      info.file_type = kWalFile;
-      if (recycling_log_files) {
-        info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
-        // Recyclable WAL files must be copied instead of hard linked
-        info.trim_to_size = true;
-      } else {
-        auto it = open_wal_number_to_size.find(info.file_number);
-        if (it == open_wal_number_to_size.end()) {
-          // Known fully synced and no future writes (in part from
-          // max_log_num check). Ok to hard link
-          info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
-          assert(!info.trim_to_size);
-        } else {
-          // Marked as (possibly) still open -> use our known flushed size
-          // and force file copy instead of hard link
-          info.size = it->second;
-          info.trim_to_size = true;
-          // FIXME: this is needed as long as db_stress uses
-          // SetReadUnsyncedData(false), because it will only be able to
-          // copy the synced portion of the WAL, which under
-          // SetReadUnsyncedData(false) is given by the reported file size.
-          info.size = std::min(info.size, live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes());
-        }
-      }
+      info.size = live_wal_files[i]->SizeFileBytes();
+      // Trim the log either if its the last one, or log file recycling is
+      // enabled. In the latter case, a hard link doesn't prevent the file
+      // from being renamed and recycled. So we need to copy it instead.
+      info.trim_to_size = (i + 1 == wal_size) ||
+                          (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0);
      if (opts.include_checksum_info) {
        info.file_checksum_func_name = kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName;
        info.file_checksum = kUnknownFileChecksum;
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, SyncFail) {
  options.env = fault_injection_env.get();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncFail:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start"},
-       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Failed", "DBFlushTest::SyncFail:2"}});
+      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncFail:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start"},
+       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Failed", "DBFlushTest::SyncFail:2"}});
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, options);
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, SyncSkip) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency(
-      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip"},
-       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip", "DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:2"}});
+      {{"DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:1", "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip"},
+       {"DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip", "DBFlushTest::SyncSkip:2"}});
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  Reopen(options);
@@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ TEST_F(DBFlushTest, PickRightMemtables) {
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:BeforeReLock", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
+      "DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:BeforeReLock", [&](void* /*arg*/) {
        ASSERT_OK(db_->Put(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "what", "v"));
        auto* cfhi =
            static_cast_with_check<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl>(handles_[1]);
@@ -1,531 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) 2024-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#include "db/db_test_util.h"
-#include "port/stack_trace.h"
-#include "test_util/sync_point.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-#ifdef OS_LINUX
-
-class DBFollowerTest : public DBTestBase {
- public:
-  // Create directories for leader and follower
-  // Create the leader DB object
-  DBFollowerTest() : DBTestBase("/db_follower_test", /*env_do_fsync*/ false) {
-    follower_name_ = dbname_ + "/follower";
-    db_parent_ = dbname_;
-    Close();
-    Destroy(CurrentOptions());
-    EXPECT_EQ(env_->CreateDirIfMissing(dbname_), Status::OK());
-    dbname_ = dbname_ + "/leader";
-    Reopen(CurrentOptions());
-  }
-
-  ~DBFollowerTest() {
-    follower_.reset();
-    EXPECT_EQ(DestroyDB(follower_name_, CurrentOptions()), Status::OK());
-    Destroy(CurrentOptions());
-    dbname_ = db_parent_;
-  }
-
- protected:
-  class DBFollowerTestFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
-   public:
-    explicit DBFollowerTestFS(const std::shared_ptr<FileSystem>& target)
-        : FileSystemWrapper(target),
-          cv_(&mutex_),
-          barrier_(false),
-          count_(0),
-          reinit_count_(0) {}
-
-    const char* Name() const override { return "DBFollowerTestFS"; }
-
-    IOStatus NewSequentialFile(const std::string& fname,
-                               const FileOptions& file_opts,
-                               std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile>* result,
-                               IODebugContext* dbg = nullptr) override {
-      class DBFollowerTestSeqFile : public FSSequentialFileWrapper {
-       public:
-        DBFollowerTestSeqFile(DBFollowerTestFS* fs,
-                              std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile>&& file,
-                              uint64_t /*size*/)
-            : FSSequentialFileWrapper(file.get()),
-              fs_(fs),
-              file_(std::move(file)) {}
-
-        IOStatus Read(size_t n, const IOOptions& options, Slice* result,
-                      char* scratch, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-          fs_->BarrierWait();
-          return target()->Read(n, options, result, scratch, dbg);
-        }
-
-       private:
-        DBFollowerTestFS* fs_;
-        std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file_;
-      };
-
-      std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file;
-      IOStatus s = target()->NewSequentialFile(fname, file_opts, &file, dbg);
-
-      if (s.ok() && test::GetFileType(fname) == kDescriptorFile) {
-        uint64_t size = 0;
-        EXPECT_EQ(target()->GetFileSize(fname, IOOptions(), &size, nullptr),
-                  IOStatus::OK());
-        result->reset(new DBFollowerTestSeqFile(this, std::move(file), size));
-      } else {
-        *result = std::move(file);
-      }
-      return s;
-    }
-
-    void BarrierInit(int count) {
-      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      barrier_ = true;
-      count_ = count;
-    }
-
-    void BarrierWait() {
-      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      if (!barrier_) {
-        return;
-      }
-      if (--count_ == 0) {
-        if (reinit_count_ > 0) {
-          count_ = reinit_count_;
-          reinit_count_ = 0;
-        } else {
-          barrier_ = false;
-        }
-        cv_.SignalAll();
-      } else {
-        cv_.Wait();
-      }
-    }
-
-    void BarrierWaitAndReinit(int count) {
-      MutexLock l(&mutex_);
-      if (!barrier_) {
-        return;
-      }
-      reinit_count_ = count;
-      if (--count_ == 0) {
-        if (reinit_count_ > 0) {
-          count_ = reinit_count_;
-          reinit_count_ = 0;
-        } else {
-          barrier_ = false;
-        }
-        cv_.SignalAll();
-      } else {
-        cv_.Wait();
-      }
-    }
-
-   private:
-    port::Mutex mutex_;
-    port::CondVar cv_;
-    bool barrier_;
-    int count_;
-    int reinit_count_;
-  };
-
-  class DBFollowerTestSstPartitioner : public SstPartitioner {
-   public:
-    explicit DBFollowerTestSstPartitioner(uint64_t max_keys)
-        : max_keys_(max_keys), num_keys_(0) {}
-
-    const char* Name() const override { return "DBFollowerTestSstPartitioner"; }
-
-    PartitionerResult ShouldPartition(
-        const PartitionerRequest& /*request*/) override {
-      if (++num_keys_ > max_keys_) {
-        num_keys_ = 0;
-        return PartitionerResult::kRequired;
-      } else {
-        return PartitionerResult::kNotRequired;
-      }
-    }
-
-    bool CanDoTrivialMove(const Slice& /*smallest_user_key*/,
-                          const Slice& /*largest_user_key*/) override {
-      return true;
-    }
-
-   private:
-    uint64_t max_keys_;
-    uint64_t num_keys_;
-  };
-
-  class DBFollowerTestSstPartitionerFactory : public SstPartitionerFactory {
-   public:
-    explicit DBFollowerTestSstPartitionerFactory(uint64_t max_keys)
-        : max_keys_(max_keys) {}
-
-    std::unique_ptr<SstPartitioner> CreatePartitioner(
-        const SstPartitioner::Context& /*context*/) const override {
-      std::unique_ptr<SstPartitioner> partitioner;
-      partitioner.reset(new DBFollowerTestSstPartitioner(max_keys_));
-      return partitioner;
-    }
-
-    const char* Name() const override {
-      return "DBFollowerTestSstPartitionerFactory";
-    }
-
-   private:
-    uint64_t max_keys_;
-  };
-
-  Status OpenAsFollower() {
-    Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-    if (!follower_env_) {
-      follower_env_ = NewCompositeEnv(
-          std::make_shared<DBFollowerTestFS>(env_->GetFileSystem()));
-    }
-    opts.env = follower_env_.get();
-    opts.follower_refresh_catchup_period_ms = 100;
-    return DB::OpenAsFollower(opts, follower_name_, dbname_, &follower_);
-  }
-
-  std::string FollowerGet(const std::string& k) {
-    ReadOptions options;
-    options.verify_checksums = true;
-    std::string result;
-    Status s = follower()->Get(options, k, &result);
-    if (s.IsNotFound()) {
-      result = "NOT_FOUND";
-    } else if (!s.ok()) {
-      result = s.ToString();
-    }
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  DB* follower() { return follower_.get(); }
-  DBFollowerTestFS* follower_fs() {
-    return static_cast<DBFollowerTestFS*>(follower_env_->GetFileSystem().get());
-  }
-
-  void CheckDirs() {
-    std::vector<std::string> db_children;
-    std::vector<std::string> follower_children;
-    EXPECT_OK(env_->GetChildren(dbname_, &db_children));
-    EXPECT_OK(env_->GetChildren(follower_name_, &follower_children));
-
-    std::set<uint64_t> db_filenums;
-    std::set<uint64_t> follower_filenums;
-    for (auto& name : db_children) {
-      if (test::GetFileType(name) != kTableFile) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      db_filenums.insert(test::GetFileNumber(name));
-    }
-    for (auto& name : follower_children) {
-      if (test::GetFileType(name) != kTableFile) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      follower_filenums.insert(test::GetFileNumber(name));
-    }
-    db_filenums.merge(follower_filenums);
-    EXPECT_EQ(follower_filenums.size(), db_filenums.size());
-  }
-
- private:
-  std::string follower_name_;
-  std::string db_parent_;
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> follower_env_;
-  std::unique_ptr<DB> follower_;
-};
-
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, Basic) {
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k2", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-  std::string val;
-  ASSERT_OK(follower()->Get(ReadOptions(), "k1", &val));
-  ASSERT_EQ(val, "v1");
-  CheckDirs();
-}
-
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, Flush) {
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin1", "Leader::Start"},
-      {"Leader::Done", "DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin2"},
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End", "Follower::WaitForCatchup"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Start");
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Done");
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup");
-  std::string val;
-  ASSERT_OK(follower()->Get(ReadOptions(), "k1", &val));
-  ASSERT_EQ(val, "v1");
-  CheckDirs();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-}
-
-// This test creates 4 L0 files, immediately followed by a compaction to L1.
-// The follower replays the 4 flush records from the MANIFEST unsuccessfully,
-// and then successfully recovers a Version from the compaction record
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, RetryCatchup) {
-  Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-  opts.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  Reopen(opts);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin1", "Leader::Start"},
-      {"DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction:Start",
-       "DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin2"},
-      {"VersionEditHandlerPointInTime::MaybeCreateVersionBeforeApplyEdit:"
-       "Begin1",
-       "DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction:BeforeCompaction"},
-      {"DBImpl::BackgroundCallCompaction:PurgedObsoleteFiles",
-       "VersionEditHandlerPointInTime::MaybeCreateVersionBeforeApplyEdit:"
-       "Begin2"},
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End", "Follower::WaitForCatchup"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Start");
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v4"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, true));
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k1"), "v4");
-  CheckDirs();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-}
-
-// This test validates the same as the previous test, except there is a
-// MANIFEST rollover between the flushes and compaction. The follower
-// does not switch to a new MANIFEST in ReadAndApply. So it would require
-// another round of refresh before catching up.
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, RetryCatchupManifestRollover) {
-  Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-  opts.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  Reopen(opts);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin1", "Leader::Start"},
-      {"Leader::Flushed", "DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin2"},
-      {"VersionEditHandlerPointInTime::MaybeCreateVersionBeforeApplyEdit:"
-       "Begin1",
-       "Leader::Done"},
-      {"DBImpl::BackgroundCallCompaction:PurgedObsoleteFiles",
-       "VersionEditHandlerPointInTime::MaybeCreateVersionBeforeApplyEdit:"
-       "Begin2"},
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:1"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Start");
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v4"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Flushed");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Leader::Done");
-  Reopen(opts);
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, true));
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:1");
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:2"},
-  });
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:2");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k1"), "v4");
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-}
-
-// This test creates 4 L0 files and compacts them. The follower, during catchup,
-// successfully instantiates 4 Versions corresponding to the 4 files (but
-// donesn't install them yet), followed by deleting those 4 and adding a new
-// file from compaction. The test verifies that the 4 L0 files are deleted
-// correctly by the follower.
-// We use teh Barrier* functions to ensure that the follower first sees the 4
-// L0 files and is able to link them, and then sees the compaction that
-// obsoletes those L0 files (so those L0 files are intermediates that it has
-// to explicitly delete). Suppose we don't have any barriers, its possible
-// the follower reads the L0 records and compaction records from the MANIFEST
-// in one read, which means those L0 files would have already been deleted
-// by the leader and the follower cannot link to them.
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, IntermediateObsoleteFiles) {
-  Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-  opts.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  Reopen(opts);
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-
-  follower_fs()->BarrierInit(2);
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v3"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v4"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWaitAndReinit(2);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, true));
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWait();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:1"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:1");
-  CheckDirs();
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k1"), "v4");
-}
-
-// This test verifies a scenario where the follower can recover a Version
-// partially (i.e some of the additions cannot be found), and the files
-// that are found are obsoleted by a subsequent VersionEdit.
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, PartialVersionRecovery) {
-  Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-  opts.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  opts.sst_partitioner_factory =
-      std::make_shared<DBFollowerTestSstPartitionerFactory>(1);
-  Reopen(opts);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k2", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k3", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(2);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k3", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(1);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SetOptions(dbfull()->DefaultColumnFamily(),
-                                 {{"max_compaction_bytes", "1"}}));
-
-  follower_fs()->BarrierInit(2);
-  Slice key("k1");
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(1, &key, &key, nullptr, true));
-
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWaitAndReinit(2);
-
-  // The second compaction input overlaps the previous compaction outputs
-  // by one file. This file is never added to  VersionStorageInfo since it
-  // was added and deleted before the catch up completes. We later verify that
-  // the follower correctly deleted this file.
-  key = Slice("k3");
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(1, &key, &key, nullptr, true));
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWait();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:1"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:1");
-  CheckDirs();
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k1"), "v2");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k2"), "v1");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k3"), "v2");
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-}
-
-// This test verifies a scenario similar to the PartialVersionRecovery, except
-// with a MANIFEST rollover in between. When there is a rollover, the
-// follower's attempt ends without installing a new Version. The next catch up
-// attempt will recover a full Version.
-TEST_F(DBFollowerTest, PartialVersionRecoveryWithRollover) {
-  Options opts = CurrentOptions();
-  opts.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-  opts.sst_partitioner_factory =
-      std::make_shared<DBFollowerTestSstPartitionerFactory>(1);
-  Reopen(opts);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k2", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k3", "v1"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(2);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k1", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("k3", "v2"));
-  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  MoveFilesToLevel(1);
-
-  opts.max_compaction_bytes = 1;
-  Reopen(opts);
-
-  ASSERT_OK(OpenAsFollower());
-
-  follower_fs()->BarrierInit(2);
-  Slice key("k1");
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(1, &key, &key, nullptr, true));
-
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWaitAndReinit(2);
-  Reopen(opts);
-  key = Slice("k3");
-  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(1, &key, &key, nullptr, true));
-  follower_fs()->BarrierWait();
-
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin1",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:1"},
-      {"Follower::WaitForCatchup:2",
-       "DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin2"},
-  });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:1");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:2");
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
-      {"DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End",
-       "Follower::WaitForCatchup:3"},
-  });
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("Follower::WaitForCatchup:3");
-  CheckDirs();
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k1"), "v2");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k2"), "v1");
-  ASSERT_EQ(FollowerGet("k3"), "v2");
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-}
-#endif
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::InstallStackTraceHandler();
-  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #pragma once

 #include <atomic>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <deque>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
@@ -51,14 +50,12 @@
 #include "monitoring/instrumented_mutex.h"
 #include "options/db_options.h"
 #include "port/port.h"
-#include "rocksdb/attribute_groups.h"
 #include "rocksdb/db.h"
 #include "rocksdb/env.h"
 #include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
 #include "rocksdb/status.h"
 #include "rocksdb/trace_reader_writer.h"
 #include "rocksdb/transaction_log.h"
-#include "rocksdb/user_write_callback.h"
 #include "rocksdb/utilities/replayer.h"
 #include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h"
 #include "table/merging_iterator.h"
@@ -233,10 +230,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  using DB::Write;
  Status Write(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates) override;

-  using DB::WriteWithCallback;
-  Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
-                           UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) override;
-
  using DB::Get;
  Status Get(const ReadOptions& _read_options,
             ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, const Slice& key,
@@ -297,11 +290,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
                      const Slice* keys,
                      PinnableAttributeGroups* results) override;

-  void MultiGetEntityWithCallback(
-      const ReadOptions& read_options, ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-      ReadCallback* callback,
-      autovector<KeyContext*, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* sorted_keys);
-
  Status CreateColumnFamily(const ColumnFamilyOptions& cf_options,
                            const std::string& column_family,
                            ColumnFamilyHandle** handle) override {
@@ -363,11 +351,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  const Snapshot* GetSnapshot() override;
  void ReleaseSnapshot(const Snapshot* snapshot) override;

-  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> NewCoalescingIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<AttributeGroupIterator> NewAttributeGroupIterator(
+  // UNDER CONSTRUCTION - DO NOT USE
+  // Return a cross-column-family iterator from a consistent database state.
+  std::unique_ptr<Iterator> NewMultiCfIterator(
      const ReadOptions& options,
      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families) override;

@@ -480,8 +466,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  Status GetDbIdentity(std::string& identity) const override;

-  virtual Status GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(const IOOptions& opts,
-                                               std::string* identity) const;
+  virtual Status GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(std::string* identity) const;

  Status GetDbSessionId(std::string& session_id) const override;

@@ -506,16 +491,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // All the returned filenames start with "/"
  Status GetLiveFiles(std::vector<std::string>&, uint64_t* manifest_file_size,
                      bool flush_memtable = true) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorWalPtr& files) override;
-  Status GetSortedWalFilesImpl(VectorWalPtr& files, bool need_seqnos);
-
-  // Get the known flushed sizes of WALs that might still be written to
-  // or have pending sync.
-  // NOTE: unlike alive_log_files_, this function includes WALs that might
-  // be obsolete (but not obsolete to a pending Checkpoint) and not yet fully
-  // synced.
-  Status GetOpenWalSizes(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& number_to_size);
-  Status GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<WalFile>* current_log_file) override;
+  Status GetSortedWalFiles(VectorLogPtr& files) override;
+  Status GetCurrentWalFile(std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* current_log_file) override;
  Status GetCreationTimeOfOldestFile(uint64_t* creation_time) override;

  Status GetUpdatesSince(
@@ -701,8 +678,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // thread to determine whether it is safe to perform the write.
  virtual Status WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                   WriteBatch* my_batch,
-                                   WriteCallback* callback,
-                                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr);
+                                   WriteCallback* callback);

  // Returns the sequence number that is guaranteed to be smaller than or equal
  // to the sequence number of any key that could be inserted into the current
@@ -840,8 +816,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  uint64_t MinLogNumberToKeep();

-  uint64_t MinLogNumberToRecycle();
-
  // Returns the lower bound file number for SSTs that won't be deleted, even if
  // they're obsolete. This lower bound is used internally to prevent newly
  // created flush/compaction output files from being deleted before they're
@@ -852,8 +826,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  uint64_t GetObsoleteSstFilesSize();

-  uint64_t MinOptionsFileNumberToKeep();
-
  // Returns the list of live files in 'live' and the list
  // of all files in the filesystem in 'candidate_files'.
  // If force == false and the last call was less than
@@ -1080,8 +1052,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  static Status Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& name,
                     const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
                     std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles, DB** dbptr,
-                     const bool seq_per_batch, const bool batch_per_txn,
-                     const bool is_retry, bool* can_retry);
+                     const bool seq_per_batch, const bool batch_per_txn);

  static IOStatus CreateAndNewDirectory(
      FileSystem* fs, const std::string& dirname,
@@ -1152,8 +1123,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // Get the background error status
  Status TEST_GetBGError();

-  bool TEST_IsRecoveryInProgress();
-
  // Return the maximum overlapping data (in bytes) at next level for any
  // file at a level >= 1.
  uint64_t TEST_MaxNextLevelOverlappingBytes(
@@ -1198,7 +1167,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  uint64_t TEST_total_log_size() const { return total_log_size_; }

-  void TEST_GetAllBlockCaches(std::unordered_set<const Cache*>* cache_set);
+  // Returns column family name to ImmutableCFOptions map.
+  Status TEST_GetAllImmutableCFOptions(
+      std::unordered_map<std::string, const ImmutableCFOptions*>* iopts_map);

  // Return the lastest MutableCFOptions of a column family
  Status TEST_GetLatestMutableCFOptions(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
@@ -1227,8 +1198,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
    return logs_.back().number;
  }

-  void TEST_DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-
  const std::unordered_set<uint64_t>& TEST_GetFilesGrabbedForPurge() const {
    return files_grabbed_for_purge_;
  }
@@ -1238,13 +1207,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  static Status TEST_ValidateOptions(const DBOptions& db_options) {
    return ValidateOptions(db_options);
  }
-#endif  // NDEBUG

-  // In certain configurations, verify that the table/blob file cache only
-  // contains entries for live files, to check for effective leaks of open
-  // files. This can only be called when purging of obsolete files has
-  // "settled," such as during parts of DB Close().
-  void TEST_VerifyNoObsoleteFilesCached(bool db_mutex_already_held) const;
+#endif  // NDEBUG

  // persist stats to column family "_persistent_stats"
  void PersistStats();
@@ -1449,8 +1413,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
    autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds_;
    autovector<const MutableCFOptions*> mutable_cf_opts_;
    autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>> edit_lists_;
-    // All existing data files (SST files and Blob files) found during DB::Open.
-    std::vector<std::string> existing_data_files_;
+    // Stale SST files to delete found upon recovery. This stores a mapping from
+    // such a file's absolute path to its parent directory.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> files_to_delete_;
    bool is_new_db_ = false;
  };

@@ -1467,13 +1432,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // The following two functions can only be called when:
  // 1. WriteThread::Writer::EnterUnbatched() is used.
  // 2. db_mutex is NOT held
-  Status RenameTempFileToOptionsFile(const std::string& file_name,
-                                     bool is_remote_compaction_enabled);
+  Status RenameTempFileToOptionsFile(const std::string& file_name);
  Status DeleteObsoleteOptionsFiles();

-  void NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds,
-                                    FlushReason flush_reason);
-
  void NotifyOnFlushBegin(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, FileMetaData* file_meta,
                          const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
                          int job_id, FlushReason flush_reason);
@@ -1524,7 +1485,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // batch that does not have duplicate keys.
  Status WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
                   WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                   UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
                   uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
                   bool disable_memtable = false, uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr,
                   size_t batch_cnt = 0,
@@ -1533,7 +1493,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  Status PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& options, WriteBatch* updates,
                            WriteCallback* callback = nullptr,
-                            UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb = nullptr,
                            uint64_t* log_used = nullptr, uint64_t log_ref = 0,
                            bool disable_memtable = false,
                            uint64_t* seq_used = nullptr);
@@ -1560,8 +1519,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // marks start of a new sub-batch.
  Status WriteImplWALOnly(
      WriteThread* write_thread, const WriteOptions& options,
-      WriteBatch* updates, WriteCallback* callback,
-      UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
+      WriteBatch* updates, WriteCallback* callback, uint64_t* log_used,
      const uint64_t log_ref, uint64_t* seq_used, const size_t sub_batch_cnt,
      PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback, const AssignOrder assign_order,
      const PublishLastSeq publish_last_seq, const bool disable_memtable);
@@ -1571,7 +1529,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  Status WriteRecoverableState();

  // Actual implementation of Close()
-  virtual Status CloseImpl();
+  Status CloseImpl();

  // Recover the descriptor from persistent storage.  May do a significant
  // amount of work to recover recently logged updates.  Any changes to
@@ -1583,55 +1541,34 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  virtual Status Recover(
      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
      bool read_only = false, bool error_if_wal_file_exists = false,
-      bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals = false, bool is_retry = false,
+      bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals = false,
      uint64_t* recovered_seq = nullptr,
-      RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx = nullptr, bool* can_retry = nullptr);
+      RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx = nullptr);

  virtual bool OwnTablesAndLogs() const { return true; }

-  // Read/create DB identity file (as appropriate), and write DB ID to
-  // version_edit if provided.
+  // Setup DB identity file, and write DB ID to manifest if necessary.
  Status SetupDBId(const WriteOptions& write_options, bool read_only,
-                   bool is_new_db, bool is_retry, VersionEdit* version_edit);
-  // Assign db_id_ and write DB ID to version_edit if provided.
-  void SetDBId(std::string&& id, bool read_only, VersionEdit* version_edit);
-
-  // Collect a deduplicated collection of paths used by this DB, including
-  // dbname_, DBOptions.db_paths, ColumnFamilyOptions.cf_paths.
-  std::set<std::string> CollectAllDBPaths();
+                   RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
+  // Assign db_id_ and write DB ID to manifest if necessary.
+  void SetDBId(std::string&& id, bool read_only, RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);

  // REQUIRES: db mutex held when calling this function, but the db mutex can
  // be released and re-acquired. Db mutex will be held when the function
  // returns.
-  // It stores all existing data files (SST and Blob) in RecoveryContext. In
-  // the meantime, we find out the largest file number present in the paths, and
-  // bump up the version set's next_file_number_ to be 1 + largest_file_number.
-  // recovery_ctx stores the context about version edits. All those edits are
-  // persisted to new Manifest after successfully syncing the new WAL.
-  Status MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);
-
-  // Track existing data files, including both referenced and unreferenced SST
-  // and Blob files in SstFileManager. This is only called during DB::Open and
-  // it's called before any file deletion start so that their deletion can be
-  // properly rate limited.
-  // Files may not be referenced in the MANIFEST because (e.g.
+  // After recovery, there may be SST files in db/cf paths that are
+  // not referenced in the MANIFEST (e.g.
  // 1. It's best effort recovery;
  // 2. The VersionEdits referencing the SST files are appended to
  // RecoveryContext, DB crashes when syncing the MANIFEST, the VersionEdits are
  // still not synced to MANIFEST during recovery.)
-  //
-  // If the file is referenced in Manifest (typically that's the
-  // vast majority of all files), since it already has the file size
-  // on record, we don't need to query the file system. Otherwise, we query the
-  // file system for the size of an unreferenced file.
-  // REQUIRES: mutex unlocked
-  void TrackExistingDataFiles(
-      const std::vector<std::string>& existing_data_files);
-
-  // Untrack data files in sst manager. This is only called during DB::Close on
-  // an unowned SstFileManager, to return it to a consistent state.
-  // REQUIRES: mutex unlocked
-  void UntrackDataFiles();
+  // It stores the SST files to be deleted in RecoveryContext. In the
+  // meantime, we find out the largest file number present in the paths, and
+  // bump up the version set's next_file_number_ to be 1 + largest_file_number.
+  // recovery_ctx stores the context about version edits and files to be
+  // deleted. All those edits are persisted to new Manifest after successfully
+  // syncing the new WAL.
+  Status DeleteUnreferencedSstFiles(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);

  // SetDbSessionId() should be called in the constuctor DBImpl()
  // to ensure that db_session_id_ gets updated every time the DB is opened
@@ -1685,7 +1622,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  friend class ForwardIterator;
  friend struct SuperVersion;
  friend class CompactedDBImpl;
-  friend class DBImplFollower;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
  friend class DBTest_ConcurrentFlushWAL_Test;
  friend class DBTest_MixedSlowdownOptionsStop_Test;
@@ -1699,8 +1635,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  friend class XFTransactionWriteHandler;
  friend class DBBlobIndexTest;
  friend class WriteUnpreparedTransactionTest_RecoveryTest_Test;
-  friend class CompactionServiceTest_PreservedOptionsLocalCompaction_Test;
-  friend class CompactionServiceTest_PreservedOptionsRemoteCompaction_Test;
 #endif

  struct CompactionState;
@@ -1709,7 +1643,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  struct WriteContext {
    SuperVersionContext superversion_context;
-    autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*> memtables_to_free_;
+    autovector<MemTable*> memtables_to_free_;

    explicit WriteContext(bool create_superversion = false)
        : superversion_context(create_superversion) {}
@@ -1742,11 +1676,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
      return w;
    }
    Status ClearWriter() {
-      Status s;
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        s = writer->WriteBuffer(WriteOptions());
-      }
+      // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
+      Status s = writer->WriteBuffer(WriteOptions());
      delete writer;
      writer = nullptr;
      return s;
@@ -1761,16 +1692,10 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

    void PrepareForSync() {
      assert(!getting_synced);
-      // Ensure the head of logs_ is marked as getting_synced if any is.
+      // Size is expected to be monotonically increasing.
+      assert(writer->file()->GetFlushedSize() >= pre_sync_size);
      getting_synced = true;
-      // If last sync failed on a later WAL, this could be a fully synced
-      // and closed WAL that just needs to be recorded as synced in the
-      // manifest.
-      if (writer->file()) {
-        // Size is expected to be monotonically increasing.
-        assert(writer->file()->GetFlushedSize() >= pre_sync_size);
-        pre_sync_size = writer->file()->GetFlushedSize();
-      }
+      pre_sync_size = writer->file()->GetFlushedSize();
    }

    void FinishSync() {
@@ -1906,10 +1831,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
    Env::Priority compaction_pri_;
  };

-  static bool IsRecoveryFlush(FlushReason flush_reason) {
-    return flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecoveryRetryFlush ||
-           flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery;
-  }
  // Initialize the built-in column family for persistent stats. Depending on
  // whether on-disk persistent stats have been enabled before, it may either
  // create a new column family and column family handle or just a column family
@@ -1972,14 +1893,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  void ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(
      std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& v);

-  // Similar to pending_outputs, preserve OPTIONS file. Used for remote
-  // compaction.
-  std::list<uint64_t>::iterator CaptureOptionsFileNumber();
-  void ReleaseOptionsFileNumber(
-      std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator>& v);
-
-  // Sets bg error if there is an error writing to WAL.
-  IOStatus SyncClosedWals(const WriteOptions& write_options,
+  IOStatus SyncClosedLogs(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                          JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
                          bool error_recovery_in_prog);

@@ -2009,7 +1923,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // corrupted_log_found is set to true if we recover from a corrupted log file.
  Status RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& log_numbers,
                         SequenceNumber* next_sequence, bool read_only,
-                         bool is_retry, bool* corrupted_log_found,
+                         bool* corrupted_log_found,
                         RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx);

  // The following two methods are used to flush a memtable to
@@ -2051,8 +1965,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  Status TrimMemtableHistory(WriteContext* context);

-  // Switches the current live memtable to immutable/read-only memtable.
-  // A new WAL is created if the current WAL is not empty.
  Status SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context);

  // Select and output column families qualified for atomic flush in
@@ -2063,8 +1975,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // REQUIRES: mutex held
  void SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(
      autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>* selected_cfds,
-      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds = {},
-      FlushReason flush_reason = FlushReason::kOthers);
+      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds = {});

  // Force current memtable contents to be flushed.
  Status FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const FlushOptions& options,
@@ -2091,18 +2002,17 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // memtable pending flush.
  // resuming_from_bg_err indicates whether the caller is attempting to resume
  // from background error.
-  Status WaitForFlushMemTable(
-      ColumnFamilyData* cfd, const uint64_t* flush_memtable_id = nullptr,
-      bool resuming_from_bg_err = false,
-      std::optional<FlushReason> flush_reason = std::nullopt) {
+  Status WaitForFlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
+                              const uint64_t* flush_memtable_id = nullptr,
+                              bool resuming_from_bg_err = false) {
    return WaitForFlushMemTables({cfd}, {flush_memtable_id},
-                                 resuming_from_bg_err, flush_reason);
+                                 resuming_from_bg_err);
  }
  // Wait for memtables to be flushed for multiple column families.
  Status WaitForFlushMemTables(
      const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
      const autovector<const uint64_t*>& flush_memtable_ids,
-      bool resuming_from_bg_err, std::optional<FlushReason> flush_reason);
+      bool resuming_from_bg_err);

  inline void WaitForPendingWrites() {
    mutex_.AssertHeld();
@@ -2117,22 +2027,17 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
      mutex_.Lock();
    }

-    if (immutable_db_options_.unordered_write) {
-      // Wait for the ones who already wrote to the WAL to finish their
-      // memtable write.
-      if (pending_memtable_writes_.load() != 0) {
-        // XXX: suspicious wait while holding DB mutex?
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(switch_mutex_);
-        switch_cv_.wait(guard,
-                        [&] { return pending_memtable_writes_.load() == 0; });
-      }
-    } else {
-      // (Writes are finished before the next write group starts.)
+    if (!immutable_db_options_.unordered_write) {
+      // Then the writes are finished before the next write group starts
+      return;
    }

-    // Wait for any LockWAL to clear
-    while (lock_wal_count_ > 0) {
-      bg_cv_.Wait();
+    // Wait for the ones who already wrote to the WAL to finish their
+    // memtable write.
+    if (pending_memtable_writes_.load() != 0) {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(switch_mutex_);
+      switch_cv_.wait(guard,
+                      [&] { return pending_memtable_writes_.load() == 0; });
    }
  }

@@ -2200,7 +2105,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ when IO error happens, e.g., write
  // WAL, sync WAL fails, if paranoid check is enabled.
-  void WALIOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& status);
+  void IOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& status);

  // Used by WriteImpl to update bg_error_ in case of memtable insert error.
  void MemTableInsertStatusCheck(const Status& memtable_insert_status);
@@ -2213,9 +2118,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
                          JobContext* job_context, LogBuffer* log_buffer,
                          CompactionJobInfo* compaction_job_info);

-  // REQUIRES: mutex unlocked
-  void TrackOrUntrackFiles(const std::vector<std::string>& existing_data_files,
-                           bool track);
+  ColumnFamilyData* GetColumnFamilyDataByName(const std::string& cf_name);

  void MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();

@@ -2244,27 +2147,9 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  void GenerateFlushRequest(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
                            FlushReason flush_reason, FlushRequest* req);

-  // Below functions are for executing flush, compaction in the background. A
-  // dequeue is the communication channel between threads that asks for the work
-  // to be done and the available threads in the thread pool that pick it up to
-  // execute it. We use these terminologies to describe the state of the work
-  // and its transitions:
-  // 1) It becomes pending once it's successfully enqueued into the
-  //    corresponding dequeue, a work in this state is also called unscheduled.
-  //    Counter `unscheduled_*_` counts work in this state.
-  // 2) When `MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction` schedule a thread to run `BGWork*`
-  //    for the work, it becomes scheduled
-  //    Counter `bg_*_scheduled_` counts work in this state.
-  // 3) Once the thread start to execute `BGWork*`, the work is popped from the
-  //    dequeue, it is now in running state
-  //    Counter `num_running_*_` counts work in this state.
-  // 4) Eventually, the work is finished. We don't need to specifically track
-  //    finished work.
+  void SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& req);

-  // Returns true if `req` is successfully enqueued.
-  bool EnqueuePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& req);
-
-  void EnqueuePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
+  void SchedulePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
  void SchedulePendingPurge(std::string fname, std::string dir_to_sync,
                            FileType type, uint64_t number, int job_id);
  static void BGWorkCompaction(void* arg);
@@ -2338,11 +2223,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  ColumnFamilyData* PickCompactionFromQueue(
      std::unique_ptr<TaskLimiterToken>* token, LogBuffer* log_buffer);

-  IOStatus SyncWalImpl(bool include_current_wal,
-                       const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                       JobContext* job_context, VersionEdit* synced_wals,
-                       bool error_recovery_in_prog);
-
  // helper function to call after some of the logs_ were synced
  void MarkLogsSynced(uint64_t up_to, bool synced_dir, VersionEdit* edit);
  Status ApplyWALToManifest(const ReadOptions& read_options,
@@ -2400,9 +2280,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  bool HaveManualCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd);
  bool MCOverlap(ManualCompactionState* m, ManualCompactionState* m1);
  void UpdateDeletionCompactionStats(const std::unique_ptr<Compaction>& c);
-
-  // May open and read table files for table property.
-  // Should not be called while holding mutex_.
  void BuildCompactionJobInfo(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd, Compaction* c,
                              const Status& st,
                              const CompactionJobStats& compaction_job_stats,
@@ -2454,7 +2331,10 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // A structure to hold the information required to process MultiGet of keys
  // belonging to one column family. For a multi column family MultiGet, there
  // will be a container of these objects.
-  struct MultiGetKeyRangePerCf {
+  struct MultiGetColumnFamilyData {
+    ColumnFamilyHandle* cf;
+    ColumnFamilyData* cfd;
+
    // For the batched MultiGet which relies on sorted keys, start specifies
    // the index of first key belonging to this column family in the sorted
    // list.
@@ -2464,33 +2344,31 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
    // belonging to this column family in the sorted list
    size_t num_keys;

-    MultiGetKeyRangePerCf() : start(0), num_keys(0) {}
-
-    MultiGetKeyRangePerCf(size_t first, size_t count)
-        : start(first), num_keys(count) {}
-  };
-
-  // A structure to contain ColumnFamilyData and the SuperVersion obtained for
-  // the consistent view of DB
-  struct ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair {
-    ColumnFamilyHandleImpl* cfh;
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd;
-
    // SuperVersion for the column family obtained in a manner that ensures a
    // consistent view across all column families in the DB
    SuperVersion* super_version;
-    ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
-                                 SuperVersion* sv)
-        : cfh(static_cast<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl*>(column_family)),
-          cfd(cfh->cfd()),
+    MultiGetColumnFamilyData(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
+                             SuperVersion* sv)
+        : cf(column_family),
+          cfd(static_cast<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl*>(cf)->cfd()),
+          start(0),
+          num_keys(0),
          super_version(sv) {}

-    ColumnFamilySuperVersionPair() = default;
+    MultiGetColumnFamilyData(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family, size_t first,
+                             size_t count, SuperVersion* sv)
+        : cf(column_family),
+          cfd(static_cast<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl*>(cf)->cfd()),
+          start(first),
+          num_keys(count),
+          super_version(sv) {}
+
+    MultiGetColumnFamilyData() = default;
  };

  // A common function to obtain a consistent snapshot, which can be implicit
  // if the user doesn't specify a snapshot in read_options, across
-  // multiple column families. It will attempt to get an implicit
+  // multiple column families for MultiGet. It will attempt to get an implicit
  // snapshot without acquiring the db_mutes, but will give up after a few
  // tries and acquire the mutex if a memtable flush happens. The template
  // allows both the batched and non-batched MultiGet to call this with
@@ -2499,26 +2377,18 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // If callback is non-null, the callback is refreshed with the snapshot
  // sequence number
  //
-  // `extra_sv_ref` is used to indicate whether thread-local SuperVersion
-  // should be obtained with an extra ref (by GetReferencedSuperVersion()) or
-  // not (by GetAndRefSuperVersion()). For instance, point lookup like MultiGet
-  // does not require SuperVersion to be re-acquired throughout the entire
-  // invocation (no need extra ref), while MultiCfIterators may need the
-  // SuperVersion to be updated during Refresh() (requires extra ref).
-  //
  // `sv_from_thread_local` being set to false indicates that the SuperVersion
  // obtained from the ColumnFamilyData, whereas true indicates they are thread
  // local.
-  //
  // A non-OK status will be returned if for a column family that enables
  // user-defined timestamp feature, the specified `ReadOptions.timestamp`
  // attemps to read collapsed history.
-  template <class T, typename IterDerefFuncType>
-  Status MultiCFSnapshot(const ReadOptions& read_options,
-                         ReadCallback* callback,
-                         IterDerefFuncType iter_deref_func, T* cf_list,
-                         bool extra_sv_ref, SequenceNumber* snapshot,
-                         bool* sv_from_thread_local);
+  template <class T>
+  Status MultiCFSnapshot(
+      const ReadOptions& read_options, ReadCallback* callback,
+      std::function<MultiGetColumnFamilyData*(typename T::iterator&)>&
+          iter_deref_func,
+      T* cf_list, SequenceNumber* snapshot, bool* sv_from_thread_local);

  // The actual implementation of the batching MultiGet. The caller is expected
  // to have acquired the SuperVersion and pass in a snapshot sequence number
@@ -2541,13 +2411,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  bool ShouldReferenceSuperVersion(const MergeContext& merge_context);

-  template <typename IterType, typename ImplType,
-            typename ErrorIteratorFuncType>
-  std::unique_ptr<IterType> NewMultiCfIterator(
-      const ReadOptions& _read_options,
-      const std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>& column_families,
-      ErrorIteratorFuncType error_iterator_func);
-
  // Lock over the persistent DB state.  Non-nullptr iff successfully acquired.
  FileLock* db_lock_;

@@ -2599,11 +2462,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  uint64_t logfile_number_;
  // Log files that we can recycle. Must be protected by db mutex_.
  std::deque<uint64_t> log_recycle_files_;
-  // The minimum log file number taht can be recycled, if log recycling is
-  // enabled. This is used to ensure that log files created by previous
-  // instances of the database are not recycled, as we cannot be sure they
-  // were created in the recyclable format.
-  uint64_t min_log_number_to_recycle_;
  // Protected by log_write_mutex_.
  bool log_dir_synced_;
  // Without two_write_queues, read and writes to log_empty_ are protected by
@@ -2618,10 +2476,8 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {

  bool persistent_stats_cfd_exists_ = true;

-  // The current WAL file and those that have not been found obsolete from
-  // memtable flushes. A WAL not on this list might still be pending writer
-  // flush and/or sync and close and might still be in logs_. alive_log_files_
-  // is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details as follows:
+  // alive_log_files_ is protected by mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ with details
+  // as follows:
  // 1. read by FindObsoleteFiles() which can be called in either application
  //    thread or RocksDB bg threads, both mutex_ and log_write_mutex_ are
  //    held.
@@ -2672,7 +2528,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // 8. read by MarkLogsNotSynced() and MarkLogsSynced() are protected by
  //    log_write_mutex_.
  // 9. erase() by MarkLogsSynced() protected by log_write_mutex_.
-  // 10. read by SyncClosedWals() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
+  // 10. read by SyncClosedLogs() protected by only log_write_mutex_. This can
  //     happen in bg flush threads after DB::Open() returns success to
  //     applications.
  // 11. reads, e.g. front(), iteration, and back() called by PreprocessWrite()
@@ -2685,7 +2541,7 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // 13. emplace_back() by SwitchMemtable() hold both mutex_ and
  //     log_write_mutex_. This happens in the write group leader. Can conflict
  //     with bg threads calling FindObsoleteFiles(), MarkLogsSynced(),
-  //     SyncClosedWals(), etc. as well as application threads calling
+  //     SyncClosedLogs(), etc. as well as application threads calling
  //     FlushWAL(), SyncWAL(), LockWAL(). This is fine because all parties
  //     require at least log_write_mutex_.
  // 14. iteration called in WriteToWAL(write_group) protected by
@@ -2769,11 +2625,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // State is protected with db mutex.
  std::list<uint64_t> pending_outputs_;

-  // Similar to pending_outputs_, FindObsoleteFiles()/PurgeObsoleteFiles() never
-  // deletes any OPTIONS file that has number bigger than any of the file number
-  // in min_options_file_numbers_.
-  std::list<uint64_t> min_options_file_numbers_;
-
  // flush_queue_ and compaction_queue_ hold column families that we need to
  // flush and compact, respectively.
  // A column family is inserted into flush_queue_ when it satisfies condition
@@ -2896,11 +2747,6 @@ class DBImpl : public DB {
  // garbages, among all column families.
  SequenceNumber bottommost_files_mark_threshold_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;

-  // The min threshold to trigger compactions for standalone range deletion
-  // files that are marked for compaction.
-  SequenceNumber standalone_range_deletion_files_mark_threshold_ =
-      kMaxSequenceNumber;
-
  LogsWithPrepTracker logs_with_prep_tracker_;

  // Callback for compaction to check if a key is visible to a snapshot.
@@ -3001,15 +2847,6 @@ DBOptions SanitizeOptions(const std::string& db, const DBOptions& src,
 CompressionType GetCompressionFlush(const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
                                    const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options);

-// Return a VersionEdit for the DB's recovery when the `memtables` of the
-// specified column family are obsolete. Specifically, the min log number to
-// keep, and the WAL files that can be deleted.
-VersionEdit GetDBRecoveryEditForObsoletingMemTables(
-    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd,
-    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list,
-    const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables,
-    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker);
-
 // Return the earliest log file to keep after the memtable flush is
 // finalized.
 // `cfd_to_flush` is the column family whose memtable (specified in
@@ -3019,13 +2856,13 @@ VersionEdit GetDBRecoveryEditForObsoletingMemTables(
 uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd_to_flush,
    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list,
-    const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables_to_flush,
+    const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush,
    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker);
 // For atomic flush.
 uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds_to_flush,
    const autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>>& edit_lists,
-    const autovector<const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush,
+    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush,
    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker);

 // In non-2PC mode, WALs with log number < the returned number can be
@@ -3042,11 +2879,11 @@ uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(
 // will not depend on any WAL file. nullptr means no memtable is being flushed.
 // The function is only applicable to 2pc mode.
 uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables_to_flush);
+    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush);
 // For atomic flush.
 uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
    VersionSet* vset,
-    const autovector<const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush);
+    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush);

 // Fix user-supplied options to be reasonable
 template <class T, class V>
@@ -3110,9 +2947,9 @@ inline Status DBImpl::FailIfReadCollapsedHistory(const ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
  if (!full_history_ts_low.empty() &&
      ucmp->CompareTimestamp(ts, full_history_ts_low) < 0) {
    std::stringstream oss;
-    oss << "Read timestamp: " << ucmp->TimestampToString(ts)
+    oss << "Read timestamp: " << ts.ToString(true)
        << " is smaller than full_history_ts_low: "
-        << ucmp->TimestampToString(full_history_ts_low) << std::endl;
+        << Slice(full_history_ts_low).ToString(true) << std::endl;
    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
  }
  return Status::OK();
@@ -87,9 +87,6 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  assert(flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.size() == 1);
  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->first;
-  if (cfd->GetAndClearFlushSkipReschedule()) {
-    return false;
-  }
  uint64_t max_memtable_id =
      flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->second;
  if (cfd->IsDropped() ||
@@ -101,20 +98,15 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  // alleviated if we continue with the flush instead of postponing it.
  const auto& mutable_cf_options = *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions();

-  // Use the same criteria as WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites does w.r.t
-  // defining what a write stall is about to happen means. If this uses a
-  // stricter criteria, for example, a write stall is about to happen if the
-  // last memtable is 10% full, there is a possibility that manual flush could
-  // be waiting in `WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites` with the incorrect
-  // expectation that others will clear up the excessive memtables and
-  // eventually let it proceed. The others in this case won't start clearing
-  // until the last memtable is 10% full. To avoid that scenario, the criteria
-  // this uses should be the same or less strict than
-  // `WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites` does.
+  // Taking the status of the active Memtable into consideration so that we are
+  // not just checking if DB is currently already in write stall mode.
+  int mem_to_flush = cfd->mem()->ApproximateMemoryUsageFast() >=
+                             cfd->mem()->write_buffer_size() / 2
+                         ? 1
+                         : 0;
  WriteStallCondition write_stall =
      ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
-          cfd->GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck(),
-          /*num_l0_files=*/0,
+          cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() + mem_to_flush, /*num_l0_files=*/0,
          /*num_compaction_needed_bytes=*/0, mutable_cf_options,
          *cfd->ioptions())
          .first;
@@ -124,19 +116,89 @@ bool DBImpl::ShouldRescheduleFlushRequestToRetainUDT(
  return true;
 }

-IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedWals(const WriteOptions& write_options,
+IOStatus DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                JobContext* job_context,
                                VersionEdit* synced_wals,
                                bool error_recovery_in_prog) {
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Start");
-
-  IOStatus io_s = SyncWalImpl(/*include_current_wal*/ false, write_options,
-                              job_context, synced_wals, error_recovery_in_prog);
-  if (!io_s.ok()) {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Failed");
-  } else {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:end");
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Start");
+  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&log_write_mutex_);
+  autovector<log::Writer*, 1> logs_to_sync;
+  uint64_t current_log_number = logfile_number_;
+  while (logs_.front().number < current_log_number &&
+         logs_.front().IsSyncing()) {
+    log_sync_cv_.Wait();
  }
+  for (auto it = logs_.begin();
+       it != logs_.end() && it->number < current_log_number; ++it) {
+    auto& log = *it;
+    log.PrepareForSync();
+    logs_to_sync.push_back(log.writer);
+  }
+
+  IOStatus io_s;
+  if (!logs_to_sync.empty()) {
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+
+    assert(job_context);
+
+    for (log::Writer* log : logs_to_sync) {
+      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
+                     "[JOB %d] Syncing log #%" PRIu64, job_context->job_id,
+                     log->get_log_number());
+      if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
+        log->file()->reset_seen_error();
+      }
+
+      IOOptions io_options;
+      io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, io_options);
+      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      io_s = log->file()->Sync(io_options, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
+      if (!io_s.ok()) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0) {
+        if (error_recovery_in_prog) {
+          log->file()->reset_seen_error();
+        }
+        // Normally the log file is closed when purging obsolete file, but if
+        // log recycling is enabled, the log file is closed here so that it
+        // can be reused.
+        io_s = log->Close(write_options);
+        if (!io_s.ok()) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (io_s.ok()) {
+      IOOptions io_options;
+      io_s = WritableFileWriter::PrepareIOOptions(write_options, io_options);
+      if (io_s.ok()) {
+        io_s = directories_.GetWalDir()->FsyncWithDirOptions(
+            io_options, nullptr,
+            DirFsyncOptions(DirFsyncOptions::FsyncReason::kNewFileSynced));
+      }
+    }
+
+    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:BeforeReLock",
+                             /*arg=*/nullptr);
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+
+    // "number <= current_log_number - 1" is equivalent to
+    // "number < current_log_number".
+    if (io_s.ok()) {
+      MarkLogsSynced(current_log_number - 1, true, synced_wals);
+    } else {
+      MarkLogsNotSynced(current_log_number - 1);
+    }
+    if (!io_s.ok()) {
+      TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Failed");
+      return io_s;
+    }
+  }
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:end");
  return io_s;
 }

@@ -162,25 +224,19 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
  // the host crashes after flushing and before WAL is persistent, the
  // flushed SST may contain data from write batches whose updates to
  // other (unflushed) column families are missing.
-  //
-  // When 2PC is enabled, non-recent WAL(s) may be needed for crash-recovery,
-  // even when there is only one CF in the DB, for prepared transactions that
-  // had not been committed yet. Make sure we sync them to keep the persisted
-  // WAL state at least as new as the persisted SST state.
  const bool needs_to_sync_closed_wals =
      logfile_number_ > 0 &&
-      (versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->NumberOfColumnFamilies() > 1 ||
-       allow_2pc());
+      versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->NumberOfColumnFamilies() > 1;

  // If needs_to_sync_closed_wals is true, we need to record the current
  // maximum memtable ID of this column family so that a later PickMemtables()
  // call will not pick memtables whose IDs are higher. This is due to the fact
-  // that SyncClosedWals() may release the db mutex, and memtable switch can
+  // that SyncClosedLogs() may release the db mutex, and memtable switch can
  // happen for this column family in the meantime. The newly created memtables
  // have their data backed by unsynced WALs, thus they cannot be included in
  // this flush job.
  // Another reason why we must record the current maximum memtable ID of this
-  // column family: SyncClosedWals() may release db mutex, thus it's possible
+  // column family: SyncClosedLogs() may release db mutex, thus it's possible
  // for application to continue to insert into memtables increasing db's
  // sequence number. The application may take a snapshot, but this snapshot is
  // not included in `snapshot_seqs` which will be passed to flush job because
@@ -194,7 +250,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(

  // If needs_to_sync_closed_wals is false, then the flush job will pick ALL
  // existing memtables of the column family when PickMemTable() is called
-  // later. Although we won't call SyncClosedWals() in this case, we may still
+  // later. Although we won't call SyncClosedLogs() in this case, we may still
  // call the callbacks of the listeners, i.e. NotifyOnFlushBegin() which also
  // releases and re-acquires the db mutex. In the meantime, the application
  // can still insert into the memtables and increase the db's sequence number.
@@ -224,12 +280,12 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
  bool need_cancel = false;
  IOStatus log_io_s = IOStatus::OK();
  if (needs_to_sync_closed_wals) {
-    // SyncClosedWals() may unlock and re-lock the log_write_mutex multiple
+    // SyncClosedLogs() may unlock and re-lock the log_write_mutex multiple
    // times.
    VersionEdit synced_wals;
    bool error_recovery_in_prog = error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress();
    mutex_.Unlock();
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedWals(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
                              error_recovery_in_prog);
    mutex_.Lock();
    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
@@ -244,7 +300,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile(
      error_handler_.SetBGError(log_io_s, BackgroundErrorReason::kFlush);
    }
  } else {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedWals:Skip");
+    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::SyncClosedLogs:Skip");
  }
  s = log_io_s;

@@ -518,7 +574,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(
    VersionEdit synced_wals;
    bool error_recovery_in_prog = error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress();
    mutex_.Unlock();
-    log_io_s = SyncClosedWals(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
+    log_io_s = SyncClosedLogs(write_options, job_context, &synced_wals,
                              error_recovery_in_prog);
    mutex_.Lock();
    if (log_io_s.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
@@ -753,7 +809,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTablesToOutputFiles(

  if (s.ok()) {
    autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> tmp_cfds;
-    autovector<const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>*> mems_list;
+    autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*> mems_list;
    autovector<const MutableCFOptions*> mutable_cf_options_list;
    autovector<FileMetaData*> tmp_file_meta;
    autovector<std::list<std::unique_ptr<FlushJobInfo>>*>
@@ -1032,12 +1088,7 @@ Status DBImpl::IncreaseFullHistoryTsLowImpl(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
  assert(ucmp->timestamp_size() == ts_low.size() && !ts_low.empty());
  if (!current_ts_low.empty() &&
      ucmp->CompareTimestamp(ts_low, current_ts_low) < 0) {
-    std::stringstream oss;
-    oss << "Current full_history_ts_low: "
-        << ucmp->TimestampToString(current_ts_low)
-        << " is higher than provided ts: " << ucmp->TimestampToString(ts_low)
-        << std::endl;
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(oss.str());
+    return Status::InvalidArgument("Cannot decrease full_history_ts_low");
  }

  Status s = versions_->LogAndApply(cfd, *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions(),
@@ -1069,11 +1120,6 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactRangeInternal(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
  if (options.target_path_id >= cfd->ioptions()->cf_paths.size()) {
    return Status::InvalidArgument("Invalid target path ID");
  }
-  if (options.change_level &&
-      cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleFIFO) {
-    return Status::NotSupported(
-        "FIFO compaction does not support change_level.");
-  }

  bool flush_needed = true;

@@ -1134,16 +1180,6 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactRangeInternal(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
                            final_output_level, options, begin, end, exclusive,
                            false /* disable_trivial_move */,
                            std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), trim_ts);
-  } else if (cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleFIFO) {
-    // FIFOCompactionPicker::CompactRange() will ignore the input key range
-    // [begin, end] and just try to pick compaction based on the configured
-    // option `compaction_options_fifo`. So we skip checking if [begin, end]
-    // overlaps with the DB here.
-    final_output_level = 0;
-    s = RunManualCompaction(cfd, /*input_level=*/0, final_output_level, options,
-                            begin, end, exclusive,
-                            false /* disable_trivial_move */,
-                            std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max(), trim_ts);
  } else {
    int first_overlapped_level = kInvalidLevel;
    {
@@ -1228,7 +1264,8 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactRangeInternal(const CompactRangeOptions& options,
      CleanupSuperVersion(super_version);
    }
    if (s.ok() && first_overlapped_level != kInvalidLevel) {
-      if (cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal) {
+      if (cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal ||
+          cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleFIFO) {
        assert(first_overlapped_level == 0);
        s = RunManualCompaction(
            cfd, first_overlapped_level, first_overlapped_level, options, begin,
@@ -1383,14 +1420,6 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFiles(const CompactionOptions& compact_options,
  LogBuffer log_buffer(InfoLogLevel::INFO_LEVEL,
                       immutable_db_options_.info_log.get());

-  if (compact_options.compression !=
-      CompressionType::kDisableCompressionOption) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "[%s] [JOB %d] Found use of deprecated option "
-                   "`CompactionOptions::compression`",
-                   cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_context.job_id);
-  }
-
  // Perform CompactFiles
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("TestCompactFiles::IngestExternalFile2");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("TestCompactFiles:PausingManualCompaction:3",
@@ -1457,6 +1486,11 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(
    input_set.insert(TableFileNameToNumber(file_name));
  }

+  ColumnFamilyMetaData cf_meta;
+  // TODO(yhchiang): can directly use version here if none of the
+  // following functions call is pluggable to external developers.
+  version->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(&cf_meta);
+
  if (output_path_id < 0) {
    if (cfd->ioptions()->cf_paths.size() == 1U) {
      output_path_id = 0;
@@ -1475,11 +1509,16 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(
        std::to_string(cfd->ioptions()->num_levels - 1));
  }

+  Status s = cfd->compaction_picker()->SanitizeCompactionInputFiles(
+      &input_set, cf_meta, output_level);
+  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl::PostSanitizeCompactionInputFiles");
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+
  std::vector<CompactionInputFiles> input_files;
-  Status s = cfd->compaction_picker()->SanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles(
-      &input_set, output_level, version, &input_files);
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT(
-      "DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl::PostSanitizeAndConvertCompactionInputFiles");
+  s = cfd->compaction_picker()->GetCompactionInputsFromFileNumbers(
+      &input_files, &input_set, version->storage_info(), compact_options);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }
@@ -1556,12 +1595,6 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(

  compaction_job.Prepare();

-  std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator> min_options_file_number_elem;
-  if (immutable_db_options().compaction_service != nullptr) {
-    min_options_file_number_elem.reset(
-        new std::list<uint64_t>::iterator(CaptureOptionsFileNumber()));
-  }
-
  mutex_.Unlock();
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactFilesImpl:0");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactFilesImpl:1");
@@ -1571,10 +1604,6 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactFilesImpl:3");
  mutex_.Lock();

-  if (immutable_db_options().compaction_service != nullptr) {
-    ReleaseOptionsFileNumber(min_options_file_number_elem);
-  }
-
  bool compaction_released = false;
  Status status =
      compaction_job.Install(*c->mutable_cf_options(), &compaction_released);
@@ -1600,12 +1629,10 @@ Status DBImpl::CompactFilesImpl(

  ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(pending_outputs_inserted_elem);

-  mutex_.Unlock();
  if (compaction_job_info != nullptr) {
    BuildCompactionJobInfo(cfd, c.get(), s, compaction_job_stats,
                           job_context->job_id, compaction_job_info);
  }
-  mutex_.Lock();

  if (status.ok()) {
    // Done
@@ -1747,8 +1774,6 @@ void DBImpl::NotifyOnCompactionCompleted(

 // REQUIREMENT: block all background work by calling PauseBackgroundWork()
 // before calling this function
-// TODO (hx235): Replace Status::NotSupported() with Status::Aborted() for
-// better semantics like CompactFiles()
 Status DBImpl::ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level) {
  assert(level < cfd->NumberLevels());
  if (target_level >= cfd->NumberLevels()) {
@@ -1784,8 +1809,6 @@ Status DBImpl::ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level) {
  if (to_level != level) {
    std::vector<CompactionInputFiles> input(1);
    input[0].level = level;
-    // TODO (hx235): Only refit the output files in the current manual
-    // compaction instead of all the files in the output level
    for (auto& f : vstorage->LevelFiles(level)) {
      input[0].files.push_back(f);
    }
@@ -1817,12 +1840,6 @@ Status DBImpl::ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level) {
      }
    } else {
      // to_level < level
-      if (to_level == 0 && input[0].files.size() > 1) {
-        refitting_level_ = false;
-        return Status::Aborted(
-            "Moving more than 1 file from non-L0 to L0 is not allowed as it "
-            "does not bring any benefit to read nor write throughput.");
-      }
      // Check levels are empty for a trivial move
      for (int l = to_level; l < level; l++) {
        if (vstorage->NumLevelFiles(l) > 0) {
@@ -1857,9 +1874,8 @@ Status DBImpl::ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level) {
        mutable_cf_options.compression_opts,
        mutable_cf_options.default_write_temperature,
        0 /* max_subcompactions, not applicable */,
-        {} /* grandparents, not applicable */,
-        std::nullopt /* earliest_snapshot */, nullptr /* snapshot_checker */,
-        false /* is manual */, "" /* trim_ts */, -1 /* score, not applicable */,
+        {} /* grandparents, not applicable */, false /* is manual */,
+        "" /* trim_ts */, -1 /* score, not applicable */,
        false /* is deletion compaction, not applicable */,
        false /* l0_files_might_overlap, not applicable */,
        CompactionReason::kRefitLevel));
@@ -1886,7 +1902,7 @@ Status DBImpl::ReFitLevel(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, int level, int target_level) {
    Status status = versions_->LogAndApply(cfd, mutable_cf_options,
                                           read_options, write_options, &edit,
                                           &mutex_, directories_.GetDbDir());
-    c->MarkFilesBeingCompacted(false);
+
    cfd->compaction_picker()->UnregisterCompaction(c.get());
    c.reset();

@@ -2256,23 +2272,6 @@ void DBImpl::GenerateFlushRequest(const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
  }
 }

-void DBImpl::NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(autovector<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds,
-                                          FlushReason flush_reason) {
-  if (immutable_db_options_.listeners.size() == 0U) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (shutting_down_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  std::vector<ManualFlushInfo> info;
-  for (ColumnFamilyData* cfd : cfds) {
-    info.push_back({cfd->GetID(), cfd->GetName(), flush_reason});
-  }
-  for (const auto& listener : immutable_db_options_.listeners) {
-    listener->OnManualFlushScheduled(this, info);
-  }
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
                             const FlushOptions& flush_options,
                             FlushReason flush_reason,
@@ -2312,15 +2311,13 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
    }
    WaitForPendingWrites();

-    if (!cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() || !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load() ||
-        IsRecoveryFlush(flush_reason)) {
+    if (!cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() || !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load()) {
      s = SwitchMemtable(cfd, &context);
    }
    const uint64_t flush_memtable_id = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
    if (s.ok()) {
      if (cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() != 0 || !cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() ||
-          !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load() ||
-          IsRecoveryFlush(flush_reason)) {
+          !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load()) {
        FlushRequest req{flush_reason, {{cfd, flush_memtable_id}}};
        flush_reqs.emplace_back(std::move(req));
        memtable_ids_to_wait.emplace_back(
@@ -2379,14 +2376,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
        }
      }
      for (const auto& req : flush_reqs) {
-        assert(req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.size() == 1);
-        ColumnFamilyData* loop_cfd =
-            req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.begin()->first;
-        bool already_queued_for_flush = loop_cfd->queued_for_flush();
-        bool flush_req_enqueued = EnqueuePendingFlush(req);
-        if (already_queued_for_flush || flush_req_enqueued) {
-          loop_cfd->SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-        }
+        SchedulePendingFlush(req);
      }
      MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
    }
@@ -2398,8 +2388,6 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      }
    }
  }
-
-  NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled({cfd}, flush_reason);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::FlushMemTable:AfterScheduleFlush");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::FlushMemTable:BeforeWaitForBgFlush");
  if (s.ok() && flush_options.wait) {
@@ -2413,8 +2401,7 @@ Status DBImpl::FlushMemTable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
    }
    s = WaitForFlushMemTables(
        cfds, flush_memtable_ids,
-        flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery /* resuming_from_bg_err */,
-        flush_reason);
+        flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery /* resuming_from_bg_err */);
    InstrumentedMutexLock lock_guard(&mutex_);
    for (auto* tmp_cfd : cfds) {
      tmp_cfd->UnrefAndTryDelete();
@@ -2498,7 +2485,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
    }
    WaitForPendingWrites();

-    SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(&cfds, candidate_cfds, flush_reason);
+    SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(&cfds, candidate_cfds);

    // Unref the newly generated candidate cfds (when not provided) in
    // `candidate_cfds`
@@ -2509,8 +2496,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
    }

    for (auto cfd : cfds) {
-      if (cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() && cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load() &&
-          !IsRecoveryFlush(flush_reason)) {
+      if (cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() && cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load()) {
        continue;
      }
      cfd->Ref();
@@ -2535,7 +2521,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
        }
      }
      GenerateFlushRequest(cfds, flush_reason, &flush_req);
-      EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
      MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
    }

@@ -2546,7 +2532,6 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
      }
    }
  }
-  NotifyOnManualFlushScheduled(cfds, flush_reason);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables:AfterScheduleFlush");
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables:BeforeWaitForBgFlush");
  if (s.ok() && flush_options.wait) {
@@ -2556,8 +2541,7 @@ Status DBImpl::AtomicFlushMemTables(
    }
    s = WaitForFlushMemTables(
        cfds, flush_memtable_ids,
-        flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery /* resuming_from_bg_err */,
-        flush_reason);
+        flush_reason == FlushReason::kErrorRecovery /* resuming_from_bg_err */);
    InstrumentedMutexLock lock_guard(&mutex_);
    for (auto* cfd : cfds) {
      cfd->UnrefAndTryDelete();
@@ -2591,7 +2575,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RetryFlushesForErrorRecovery(FlushReason flush_reason,
  if (immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
    FlushRequest flush_req;
    GenerateFlushRequest(cfds, flush_reason, &flush_req);
-    EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+    SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    for (auto& iter : flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist) {
      flush_memtable_ids.push_back(iter.second);
    }
@@ -2605,9 +2589,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RetryFlushesForErrorRecovery(FlushReason flush_reason,
          flush_reason,
          {{cfd,
            std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() /* max_mem_id_to_persist */}}};
-      if (EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req)) {
-        cfd->SetFlushSkipReschedule();
-      };
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    }
  }
  MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
@@ -2620,7 +2602,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RetryFlushesForErrorRecovery(FlushReason flush_reason,
      flush_memtable_id_ptrs.push_back(&flush_memtable_id);
    }
    s = WaitForFlushMemTables(cfds, flush_memtable_id_ptrs,
-                              true /* resuming_from_bg_err */, flush_reason);
+                              true /* resuming_from_bg_err */);
    mutex_.Lock();
  }

@@ -2695,13 +2677,13 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      // mode due to pending compaction bytes, but that's less common
      // No extra immutable Memtable will be created if the current Memtable is
      // empty.
-      write_stall_condition =
-          ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
-              cfd->GetUnflushedMemTableCountForWriteStallCheck(),
-              vstorage->l0_delay_trigger_count() + 1,
-              vstorage->estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(), mutable_cf_options,
-              *cfd->ioptions())
-              .first;
+      int mem_to_flush = cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() ? 0 : 1;
+      write_stall_condition = ColumnFamilyData::GetWriteStallConditionAndCause(
+                                  cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() + mem_to_flush,
+                                  vstorage->l0_delay_trigger_count() + 1,
+                                  vstorage->estimated_compaction_needed_bytes(),
+                                  mutable_cf_options, *cfd->ioptions())
+                                  .first;
    } while (write_stall_condition != WriteStallCondition::kNormal);
  }
  return Status::OK();
@@ -2720,7 +2702,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitUntilFlushWouldNotStallWrites(ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
 Status DBImpl::WaitForFlushMemTables(
    const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds,
    const autovector<const uint64_t*>& flush_memtable_ids,
-    bool resuming_from_bg_err, std::optional<FlushReason> flush_reason) {
+    bool resuming_from_bg_err) {
  int num = static_cast<int>(cfds.size());
  // Wait until the compaction completes
  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
@@ -2758,15 +2740,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitForFlushMemTables(
                 (flush_memtable_ids[i] != nullptr &&
                  cfds[i]->imm()->GetEarliestMemTableID() >
                      *flush_memtable_ids[i])) {
-        // Make file ingestion's flush wait until SuperVersion is also updated
-        // since after flush, it does range overlapping check and file level
-        // assignment with the current SuperVersion.
-        if (!flush_reason.has_value() ||
-            flush_reason.value() != FlushReason::kExternalFileIngestion ||
-            cfds[i]->GetSuperVersion()->imm->GetID() ==
-                cfds[i]->imm()->current()->GetID()) {
-          ++num_finished;
-        }
+        ++num_finished;
      }
    }
    if (1 == num_dropped && 1 == num) {
@@ -2966,7 +2940,6 @@ void DBImpl::AddToCompactionQueue(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) {
  cfd->Ref();
  compaction_queue_.push_back(cfd);
  cfd->set_queued_for_compaction(true);
-  ++unscheduled_compactions_;
 }

 ColumnFamilyData* DBImpl::PopFirstFromCompactionQueue() {
@@ -3022,14 +2995,13 @@ ColumnFamilyData* DBImpl::PickCompactionFromQueue(
  return cfd;
 }

-bool DBImpl::EnqueuePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
+void DBImpl::SchedulePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  bool enqueued = false;
  if (reject_new_background_jobs_) {
-    return enqueued;
+    return;
  }
  if (flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist.empty()) {
-    return enqueued;
+    return;
  }
  if (!immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
    // For the non-atomic flush case, we never schedule multiple column
@@ -3044,7 +3016,6 @@ bool DBImpl::EnqueuePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
      cfd->set_queued_for_flush(true);
      ++unscheduled_flushes_;
      flush_queue_.push_back(flush_req);
-      enqueued = true;
    }
  } else {
    for (auto& iter : flush_req.cfd_to_max_mem_id_to_persist) {
@@ -3053,20 +3024,17 @@ bool DBImpl::EnqueuePendingFlush(const FlushRequest& flush_req) {
    }
    ++unscheduled_flushes_;
    flush_queue_.push_back(flush_req);
-    enqueued = true;
  }
-  return enqueued;
 }

-void DBImpl::EnqueuePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) {
+void DBImpl::SchedulePendingCompaction(ColumnFamilyData* cfd) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  if (reject_new_background_jobs_) {
    return;
  }
  if (!cfd->queued_for_compaction() && cfd->NeedsCompaction()) {
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("EnqueuePendingCompaction::cfd",
-                             static_cast<void*>(cfd));
    AddToCompactionQueue(cfd);
+    ++unscheduled_compactions_;
  }
 }

@@ -3234,7 +3202,7 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundFlush(bool* made_progress, JobContext* job_context,
 #ifndef NDEBUG
      flush_req.reschedule_count += 1;
 #endif /* !NDEBUG */
-      EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
      *reason = flush_reason;
      *flush_rescheduled_to_retain_udt = true;
      return Status::TryAgain();
@@ -3352,7 +3320,7 @@ void DBImpl::BackgroundCallFlush(Env::Priority thread_pri) {
      bg_cv_.SignalAll();  // In case a waiter can proceed despite the error
      mutex_.Unlock();
      ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                      "[JOB %d] Waiting after background flush error: %s, "
+                      "[JOB %d] Waiting after background flush error: %s"
                      "Accumulated background error counts: %" PRIu64,
                      job_context.job_id, s.ToString().c_str(), error_cnt);
      log_buffer.FlushBufferToLog();
@@ -3557,14 +3525,6 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
      is_manual && manual_compaction->disallow_trivial_move;

  CompactionJobStats compaction_job_stats;
-  // Set is_remote_compaction to true on CompactionBegin Event if
-  // compaction_service is set except for trivial moves. We do not know whether
-  // remote compaction will actually be successfully scheduled, or fall back to
-  // local at this time. CompactionCompleted event will tell the truth where
-  // the compaction actually happened.
-  compaction_job_stats.is_remote_compaction =
-      immutable_db_options().compaction_service != nullptr;
-
  Status status;
  if (!error_handler_.IsBGWorkStopped()) {
    if (shutting_down_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
@@ -3685,20 +3645,8 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
      // compaction is not necessary. Need to make sure mutex is held
      // until we make a copy in the following code
      TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction():BeforePickCompaction");
-      SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker = nullptr;
-      std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshot_seqs;
-      // This info is not useful for other scenarios, so save querying existing
-      // snapshots for those cases.
-      if (cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleUniversal &&
-          cfd->user_comparator()->timestamp_size() == 0) {
-        SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot;
-        GetSnapshotContext(job_context, &snapshot_seqs,
-                           &earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
-                           &snapshot_checker);
-        assert(is_snapshot_supported_ || snapshots_.empty());
-      }
      c.reset(cfd->PickCompaction(*mutable_cf_options, mutable_db_options_,
-                                  snapshot_seqs, snapshot_checker, log_buffer));
+                                  log_buffer));
      TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction():AfterPickCompaction");

      if (c != nullptr) {
@@ -3714,6 +3662,7 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
              ->ComputeCompactionScore(*(c->immutable_options()),
                                       *(c->mutable_cf_options()));
          AddToCompactionQueue(cfd);
+          ++unscheduled_compactions_;

          c.reset();
          // Don't need to sleep here, because BackgroundCallCompaction
@@ -3742,6 +3691,7 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
          if (cfd->NeedsCompaction()) {
            // Yes, we need more compactions!
            AddToCompactionQueue(cfd);
+            ++unscheduled_compactions_;
            MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
          }
        }
@@ -3802,8 +3752,6 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
    ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperation(ThreadStatus::OP_COMPACTION);

    compaction_job_stats.num_input_files = c->num_input_files(0);
-    // Trivial moves do not get compacted remotely
-    compaction_job_stats.is_remote_compaction = false;

    NotifyOnCompactionBegin(c->column_family_data(), c.get(), status,
                            compaction_job_stats, job_context->job_id);
@@ -3939,12 +3887,6 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
        &bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_);
    compaction_job.Prepare();

-    std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator> min_options_file_number_elem;
-    if (immutable_db_options().compaction_service != nullptr) {
-      min_options_file_number_elem.reset(
-          new std::list<uint64_t>::iterator(CaptureOptionsFileNumber()));
-    }
-
    NotifyOnCompactionBegin(c->column_family_data(), c.get(), status,
                            compaction_job_stats, job_context->job_id);
    mutex_.Unlock();
@@ -3954,11 +3896,6 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
    compaction_job.Run().PermitUncheckedError();
    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction:NonTrivial:AfterRun");
    mutex_.Lock();
-
-    if (immutable_db_options().compaction_service != nullptr) {
-      ReleaseOptionsFileNumber(min_options_file_number_elem);
-    }
-
    status =
        compaction_job.Install(*c->mutable_cf_options(), &compaction_released);
    io_s = compaction_job.io_status();
@@ -3986,10 +3923,7 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
      // Sanity checking that compaction files are freed.
      for (size_t i = 0; i < c->num_input_levels(); i++) {
        for (size_t j = 0; j < c->inputs(i)->size(); j++) {
-          // When status is not OK, compaction's result installation failed and
-          // no new Version installed. The files could have been released and
-          // picked up again by other compaction attempts.
-          assert(!c->input(i, j)->being_compacted || !status.ok());
+          assert(!c->input(i, j)->being_compacted);
        }
      }
      std::unordered_set<Compaction*>* cip = c->column_family_data()
@@ -4047,6 +3981,7 @@ Status DBImpl::BackgroundCompaction(bool* made_progress,
                                   *(c->mutable_cf_options()));
      if (!cfd->queued_for_compaction()) {
        AddToCompactionQueue(cfd);
+        ++unscheduled_compactions_;
      }
    }
  }
@@ -4215,7 +4150,7 @@ void DBImpl::BuildCompactionJobInfo(
  compaction_job_info->base_input_level = c->start_level();
  compaction_job_info->output_level = c->output_level();
  compaction_job_info->stats = compaction_job_stats;
-  const auto& input_table_properties = c->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();
+  const auto& input_table_properties = c->GetInputTableProperties();
  const auto& output_table_properties = c->GetOutputTableProperties();
  compaction_job_info->table_properties.insert(input_table_properties.begin(),
                                               input_table_properties.end());
@@ -4308,23 +4243,17 @@ void DBImpl::InstallSuperVersionAndScheduleWork(
  // newer snapshot created and released frequently, the compaction will be
  // triggered soon anyway.
  bottommost_files_mark_threshold_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;
-  standalone_range_deletion_files_mark_threshold_ = kMaxSequenceNumber;
  for (auto* my_cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
    if (!my_cfd->ioptions()->allow_ingest_behind) {
      bottommost_files_mark_threshold_ = std::min(
          bottommost_files_mark_threshold_,
          my_cfd->current()->storage_info()->bottommost_files_mark_threshold());
    }
-    standalone_range_deletion_files_mark_threshold_ =
-        std::min(standalone_range_deletion_files_mark_threshold_,
-                 cfd->current()
-                     ->storage_info()
-                     ->standalone_range_tombstone_files_mark_threshold());
  }

  // Whenever we install new SuperVersion, we might need to issue new flushes or
  // compactions.
-  EnqueuePendingCompaction(cfd);
+  SchedulePendingCompaction(cfd);
  MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();

  // Update max_total_in_memory_state_
@@ -4416,7 +4345,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitForCompact(
    }
    if ((bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_ || bg_compaction_scheduled_ ||
         bg_flush_scheduled_ || unscheduled_compactions_ ||
-         (wait_for_compact_options.wait_for_purge && bg_purge_scheduled_) ||
         unscheduled_flushes_ || error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress()) &&
        (error_handler_.GetBGError().ok())) {
      if (wait_for_compact_options.timeout.count()) {
@@ -4424,7 +4352,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WaitForCompact(
          return Status::TimedOut();
        }
      } else {
-        TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::WaitForCompact:InsideLoop");
        bg_cv_.Wait();
      }
    } else if (wait_for_compact_options.close_db) {
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@

 #ifndef NDEBUG

-#include "db/blob/blob_file_cache.h"
 #include "db/column_family.h"
 #include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
 #include "db/error_handler.h"
@@ -200,11 +199,6 @@ Status DBImpl::TEST_GetBGError() {
  return error_handler_.GetBGError();
 }

-bool DBImpl::TEST_IsRecoveryInProgress() {
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  return error_handler_.IsRecoveryInProgress();
-}
-
 void DBImpl::TEST_LockMutex() { mutex_.Lock(); }

 void DBImpl::TEST_UnlockMutex() { mutex_.Unlock(); }
@@ -233,16 +227,23 @@ uint64_t DBImpl::TEST_LogfileNumber() {
  return logfile_number_;
 }

-void DBImpl::TEST_GetAllBlockCaches(
-    std::unordered_set<const Cache*>* cache_set) {
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  for (auto cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
-    if (const auto bbto =
-            cfd->GetCurrentMutableCFOptions()
-                ->table_factory->GetOptions<BlockBasedTableOptions>()) {
-      cache_set->insert(bbto->block_cache.get());
+Status DBImpl::TEST_GetAllImmutableCFOptions(
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, const ImmutableCFOptions*>* iopts_map) {
+  std::vector<std::string> cf_names;
+  std::vector<const ImmutableCFOptions*> iopts;
+  {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+    for (auto cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
+      cf_names.push_back(cfd->GetName());
+      iopts.push_back(cfd->ioptions());
    }
  }
+  iopts_map->clear();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < cf_names.size(); ++i) {
+    iopts_map->insert({cf_names[i], iopts[i]});
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
 }

 uint64_t DBImpl::TEST_FindMinLogContainingOutstandingPrep() {
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ size_t DBImpl::TEST_LogsWithPrepSize() {
 }

 uint64_t DBImpl::TEST_FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable() {
-  autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*> empty_list;
+  autovector<MemTable*> empty_list;
  return FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(versions_.get(), empty_list);
 }

@@ -313,75 +314,9 @@ const autovector<uint64_t>& DBImpl::TEST_GetFilesToQuarantine() const {
  return error_handler_.GetFilesToQuarantine();
 }

-void DBImpl::TEST_DeleteObsoleteFiles() {
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-  DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-}
-
 size_t DBImpl::TEST_EstimateInMemoryStatsHistorySize() const {
  InstrumentedMutexLock l(&const_cast<DBImpl*>(this)->stats_history_mutex_);
  return EstimateInMemoryStatsHistorySize();
 }
-
-void DBImpl::TEST_VerifyNoObsoleteFilesCached(
-    bool db_mutex_already_held) const {
-  // This check is somewhat expensive and obscure to make a part of every
-  // unit test in every build variety. Thus, we only enable it for ASAN builds.
-  if (!kMustFreeHeapAllocations) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::optional<InstrumentedMutexLock> l;
-  if (db_mutex_already_held) {
-    mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  } else {
-    l.emplace(&mutex_);
-  }
-
-  if (!opened_successfully_) {
-    // We don't need to pro-actively clean up open files during DB::Open()
-    // if we know we are about to fail and clean up in Close().
-    return;
-  }
-  if (disable_delete_obsolete_files_ > 0) {
-    // For better or worse, DB::Close() is allowed with deletions disabled.
-    // Since we generally associate clean-up of open files with deleting them,
-    // we allow "obsolete" open files when deletions are disabled.
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Live and "quarantined" files are allowed to be open in table cache
-  std::set<uint64_t> live_and_quar_files;
-  for (auto cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
-    if (cfd->IsDropped()) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    // Iterate over live versions
-    Version* current = cfd->current();
-    Version* ver = current;
-    do {
-      // Sneakily add both SST and blob files to the same list
-      std::vector<uint64_t> live_files_vec;
-      ver->AddLiveFiles(&live_files_vec, &live_files_vec);
-      live_and_quar_files.insert(live_files_vec.begin(), live_files_vec.end());
-
-      ver = ver->Next();
-    } while (ver != current);
-  }
-  {
-    const auto& quar_files = error_handler_.GetFilesToQuarantine();
-    live_and_quar_files.insert(quar_files.begin(), quar_files.end());
-  }
-  auto fn = [&live_and_quar_files](const Slice& key, Cache::ObjectPtr, size_t,
-                                   const Cache::CacheItemHelper*) {
-    // See TableCache and BlobFileCache
-    assert(key.size() == sizeof(uint64_t));
-    uint64_t file_number;
-    GetUnaligned(reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(key.data()), &file_number);
-    // Assert file is in live/quarantined set
-    assert(live_and_quar_files.find(file_number) != live_and_quar_files.end());
-  };
-  table_cache_->ApplyToAllEntries(fn, {});
-}
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
 #endif  // NDEBUG
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Status DBImpl::SuggestCompactRange(ColumnFamilyHandle* column_family,
    // compaction score
    vstorage->ComputeCompactionScore(*cfd->ioptions(),
                                     *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions());
-    EnqueuePendingCompaction(cfd);
+    SchedulePendingCompaction(cfd);
    MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
  }
  return Status::OK();
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ uint64_t DBImpl::MinLogNumberToKeep() {
  return versions_->min_log_number_to_keep();
 }

-uint64_t DBImpl::MinLogNumberToRecycle() { return min_log_number_to_recycle_; }
-
 uint64_t DBImpl::MinObsoleteSstNumberToKeep() {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  if (!pending_outputs_.empty()) {
@@ -43,14 +41,6 @@ uint64_t DBImpl::GetObsoleteSstFilesSize() {
  return versions_->GetObsoleteSstFilesSize();
 }

-uint64_t DBImpl::MinOptionsFileNumberToKeep() {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  if (!min_options_file_numbers_.empty()) {
-    return *min_options_file_numbers_.begin();
-  }
-  return std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::DisableFileDeletions() {
  Status s;
  int my_disable_delete_obsolete_files;
@@ -155,7 +145,6 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
  // here but later find newer generated unfinalized files while scanning.
  job_context->min_pending_output = MinObsoleteSstNumberToKeep();
  job_context->files_to_quarantine = error_handler_.GetFilesToQuarantine();
-  job_context->min_options_file_number = MinOptionsFileNumberToKeep();

  // Get obsolete files.  This function will also update the list of
  // pending files in VersionSet().
@@ -186,10 +175,31 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
    versions_->AddLiveFiles(&job_context->sst_live, &job_context->blob_live);
    InfoLogPrefix info_log_prefix(!immutable_db_options_.db_log_dir.empty(),
                                  dbname_);
-    // PurgeObsoleteFiles will dedupe duplicate files.
+    std::set<std::string> paths;
+    for (size_t path_id = 0; path_id < immutable_db_options_.db_paths.size();
+         path_id++) {
+      paths.insert(immutable_db_options_.db_paths[path_id].path);
+    }
+
+    // Note that if cf_paths is not specified in the ColumnFamilyOptions
+    // of a particular column family, we use db_paths as the cf_paths
+    // setting. Hence, there can be multiple duplicates of files from db_paths
+    // in the following code. The duplicate are removed while identifying
+    // unique files in PurgeObsoleteFiles.
+    for (auto cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
+      for (size_t path_id = 0; path_id < cfd->ioptions()->cf_paths.size();
+           path_id++) {
+        auto& path = cfd->ioptions()->cf_paths[path_id].path;
+
+        if (paths.find(path) == paths.end()) {
+          paths.insert(path);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
    IOOptions io_opts;
    io_opts.do_not_recurse = true;
-    for (auto& path : CollectAllDBPaths()) {
+    for (auto& path : paths) {
      // set of all files in the directory. We'll exclude files that are still
      // alive in the subsequent processings.
      std::vector<std::string> files;
@@ -288,8 +298,7 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
    while (alive_log_files_.begin()->number < min_log_number) {
      auto& earliest = *alive_log_files_.begin();
      if (immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num >
-              log_recycle_files_.size() &&
-          earliest.number >= MinLogNumberToRecycle()) {
+          log_recycle_files_.size()) {
        ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
                       "adding log %" PRIu64 " to recycle list\n",
                       earliest.number);
@@ -321,26 +330,6 @@ void DBImpl::FindObsoleteFiles(JobContext* job_context, bool force,
        // logs_ could have changed while we were waiting.
        continue;
      }
-      // This WAL file is not live, so it's OK if we never sync the rest of it.
-      // If it's already closed, then it's been fully synced. If
-      // !background_close_inactive_wals then we need to Close it before
-      // removing from logs_ but not blocking while holding log_write_mutex_.
-      if (!immutable_db_options_.background_close_inactive_wals &&
-          log.writer->file()) {
-        // We are taking ownership of and pinning the front entry, so we can
-        // expect it to be the same after releasing and re-acquiring the lock
-        log.PrepareForSync();
-        log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-        // TODO: maybe check the return value of Close.
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        auto s = log.writer->file()->Close({});
-        s.PermitUncheckedError();
-        log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-        log.writer->PublishIfClosed();
-        assert(&log == &logs_.front());
-        log.FinishSync();
-        log_sync_cv_.SignalAll();
-      }
      logs_to_free_.push_back(log.ReleaseWriter());
      logs_.pop_front();
    }
@@ -439,18 +428,12 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
      state.manifest_delete_files.size());
  // We may ignore the dbname when generating the file names.
  for (auto& file : state.sst_delete_files) {
-    auto* handle = file.metadata->table_reader_handle;
-    if (file.only_delete_metadata) {
-      if (handle) {
-        // Simply release handle of file that is not being deleted
-        table_cache_->Release(handle);
-      }
-    } else {
-      // File is being deleted (actually obsolete)
-      auto number = file.metadata->fd.GetNumber();
-      candidate_files.emplace_back(MakeTableFileName(number), file.path);
-      TableCache::ReleaseObsolete(table_cache_.get(), number, handle,
-                                  file.uncache_aggressiveness);
+    if (!file.only_delete_metadata) {
+      candidate_files.emplace_back(
+          MakeTableFileName(file.metadata->fd.GetNumber()), file.path);
+    }
+    if (file.metadata->table_reader_handle) {
+      table_cache_->Release(file.metadata->table_reader_handle);
    }
    file.DeleteMetadata();
  }
@@ -501,7 +484,7 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
                                dbname_);

  // File numbers of most recent two OPTIONS file in candidate_files (found in
-  // previous FindObsoleteFiles(full_scan=true))
+  // previos FindObsoleteFiles(full_scan=true))
  // At this point, there must not be any duplicate file numbers in
  // candidate_files.
  uint64_t optsfile_num1 = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::min();
@@ -522,16 +505,11 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
    }
  }

-  // For remote compactions, we need to keep OPTIONS file that may get
-  // referenced by the remote worker
-
-  optsfile_num2 = std::min(optsfile_num2, state.min_options_file_number);
-
  // Close WALs before trying to delete them.
  for (const auto w : state.logs_to_free) {
    // TODO: maybe check the return value of Close.
    // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-    auto s = w->Close({});
+    auto s = w->Close(WriteOptions());
    s.PermitUncheckedError();
  }

@@ -566,17 +544,9 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
      case kTableFile:
        // If the second condition is not there, this makes
        // DontDeletePendingOutputs fail
-        // FIXME: but should NOT keep if it came from sst_delete_files?
        keep = (sst_live_set.find(number) != sst_live_set.end()) ||
               number >= state.min_pending_output;
        if (!keep) {
-          // NOTE: sometimes redundant (if came from sst_delete_files)
-          // We don't know which column family is applicable here so we don't
-          // know what uncache_aggressiveness would be used with
-          // ReleaseObsolete(). Anyway, obsolete files ideally go into
-          // sst_delete_files for better/quicker handling, and this is just a
-          // backstop.
-          TableCache::Evict(table_cache_.get(), number);
          files_to_del.insert(number);
        }
        break;
@@ -625,6 +595,8 @@ void DBImpl::PurgeObsoleteFiles(JobContext& state, bool schedule_only) {
    std::string fname;
    std::string dir_to_sync;
    if (type == kTableFile) {
+      // evict from cache
+      TableCache::Evict(table_cache_.get(), number);
      fname = MakeTableFileName(candidate_file.file_path, number);
      dir_to_sync = candidate_file.file_path;
    } else if (type == kBlobFile) {
@@ -738,46 +710,13 @@ void DBImpl::DeleteObsoleteFiles() {
  mutex_.Lock();
 }

-VersionEdit GetDBRecoveryEditForObsoletingMemTables(
-    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd,
-    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list,
-    const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables,
-    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker) {
-  VersionEdit wal_deletion_edit;
-  uint64_t min_wal_number_to_keep = 0;
-  assert(edit_list.size() > 0);
-  if (vset->db_options()->allow_2pc) {
-    // Note that if mempurge is successful, the edit_list will
-    // not be applicable (contains info of new min_log number to keep,
-    // and level 0 file path of SST file created during normal flush,
-    // so both pieces of information are irrelevant after a successful
-    // mempurge operation).
-    min_wal_number_to_keep = PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
-        vset, cfd, edit_list, memtables, prep_tracker);
-
-    // We piggyback the information of earliest log file to keep in the
-    // manifest entry for the last file flushed.
-  } else {
-    min_wal_number_to_keep =
-        PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(vset, cfd, edit_list);
-  }
-
-  wal_deletion_edit.SetMinLogNumberToKeep(min_wal_number_to_keep);
-  if (vset->db_options()->track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest) {
-    if (min_wal_number_to_keep > vset->GetWalSet().GetMinWalNumberToKeep()) {
-      wal_deletion_edit.DeleteWalsBefore(min_wal_number_to_keep);
-    }
-  }
-  return wal_deletion_edit;
-}
-
 uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables_to_flush) {
+    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush) {
  uint64_t min_log = 0;

  // we must look through the memtables for two phase transactions
  // that have been committed but not yet flushed
-  std::unordered_set<ReadOnlyMemTable*> memtables_to_flush_set(
+  std::unordered_set<MemTable*> memtables_to_flush_set(
      memtables_to_flush.begin(), memtables_to_flush.end());
  for (auto loop_cfd : *vset->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
    if (loop_cfd->IsDropped()) {
@@ -802,12 +741,12 @@ uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
 }

 uint64_t FindMinPrepLogReferencedByMemTable(
-    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>*>&
-                          memtables_to_flush) {
+    VersionSet* vset,
+    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush) {
  uint64_t min_log = 0;

-  std::unordered_set<ReadOnlyMemTable*> memtables_to_flush_set;
-  for (const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>* memtables : memtables_to_flush) {
+  std::unordered_set<MemTable*> memtables_to_flush_set;
+  for (const autovector<MemTable*>* memtables : memtables_to_flush) {
    memtables_to_flush_set.insert(memtables->begin(), memtables->end());
  }
  for (auto loop_cfd : *vset->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
@@ -899,7 +838,7 @@ uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeepNon2PC(
 uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
    VersionSet* vset, const ColumnFamilyData& cfd_to_flush,
    const autovector<VersionEdit*>& edit_list,
-    const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>& memtables_to_flush,
+    const autovector<MemTable*>& memtables_to_flush,
    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker) {
  assert(vset != nullptr);
  assert(prep_tracker != nullptr);
@@ -940,7 +879,7 @@ uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
 uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
    VersionSet* vset, const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& cfds_to_flush,
    const autovector<autovector<VersionEdit*>>& edit_lists,
-    const autovector<const autovector<ReadOnlyMemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush,
+    const autovector<const autovector<MemTable*>*>& memtables_to_flush,
    LogsWithPrepTracker* prep_tracker) {
  assert(vset != nullptr);
  assert(prep_tracker != nullptr);
@@ -970,88 +909,82 @@ uint64_t PrecomputeMinLogNumberToKeep2PC(
 }

 void DBImpl::SetDBId(std::string&& id, bool read_only,
-                     VersionEdit* version_edit) {
+                     RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
  assert(db_id_.empty());
  assert(!id.empty());
  db_id_ = std::move(id);
-  if (!read_only && version_edit) {
-    assert(version_edit != nullptr);
+  if (!read_only && immutable_db_options_.write_dbid_to_manifest) {
+    assert(recovery_ctx != nullptr);
    assert(versions_->GetColumnFamilySet() != nullptr);
-    version_edit->SetDBId(db_id_);
+    VersionEdit edit;
+    edit.SetDBId(db_id_);
    versions_->db_id_ = db_id_;
+    recovery_ctx->UpdateVersionEdits(
+        versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetDefault(), edit);
  }
 }

 Status DBImpl::SetupDBId(const WriteOptions& write_options, bool read_only,
-                         bool is_new_db, bool is_retry,
-                         VersionEdit* version_edit) {
+                         RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
  Status s;
-  if (!is_new_db) {
-    // Check for the IDENTITY file and create it if not there or
-    // broken or not matching manifest
-    std::string db_id_in_file;
-    s = fs_->FileExists(IdentityFileName(dbname_), IOOptions(), nullptr);
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      IOOptions opts;
-      if (is_retry) {
-        opts.verify_and_reconstruct_read = true;
-      }
-      s = GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(opts, &db_id_in_file);
-      if (s.ok() && !db_id_in_file.empty()) {
-        if (db_id_.empty()) {
-          // Loaded from file and wasn't already known from manifest
-          SetDBId(std::move(db_id_in_file), read_only, version_edit);
-          return s;
-        } else if (db_id_ == db_id_in_file) {
-          // Loaded from file and matches manifest
-          return s;
-        }
+  // Check for the IDENTITY file and create it if not there or
+  // broken or not matching manifest
+  std::string db_id_in_file;
+  s = fs_->FileExists(IdentityFileName(dbname_), IOOptions(), nullptr);
+  if (s.ok()) {
+    s = GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(&db_id_in_file);
+    if (s.ok() && !db_id_in_file.empty()) {
+      if (db_id_.empty()) {
+        // Loaded from file and wasn't already known from manifest
+        SetDBId(std::move(db_id_in_file), read_only, recovery_ctx);
+        return s;
+      } else if (db_id_ == db_id_in_file) {
+        // Loaded from file and matches manifest
+        return s;
      }
    }
-    if (s.IsNotFound()) {
-      s = Status::OK();
-    }
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      assert(s.IsIOError());
-      return s;
-    }
+  }
+  if (s.IsNotFound()) {
+    s = Status::OK();
+  }
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    assert(s.IsIOError());
+    return s;
  }
  // Otherwise IDENTITY file is missing or no good.
  // Generate new id if needed
  if (db_id_.empty()) {
-    SetDBId(env_->GenerateUniqueId(), read_only, version_edit);
+    SetDBId(env_->GenerateUniqueId(), read_only, recovery_ctx);
  }
  // Persist it to IDENTITY file if allowed
-  if (!read_only && immutable_db_options_.write_identity_file) {
-    s = SetIdentityFile(write_options, env_, dbname_,
-                        immutable_db_options_.metadata_write_temperature,
-                        db_id_);
+  if (!read_only) {
+    s = SetIdentityFile(write_options, env_, dbname_, db_id_);
  }
-  // NOTE: an obsolete IDENTITY file with write_identity_file=false is handled
-  // elsewhere, so that it's only deleted after successful recovery
  return s;
 }

-std::set<std::string> DBImpl::CollectAllDBPaths() {
-  std::set<std::string> all_db_paths;
-  all_db_paths.insert(NormalizePath(dbname_));
+Status DBImpl::DeleteUnreferencedSstFiles(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
+  mutex_.AssertHeld();
+  std::vector<std::string> paths;
+  paths.push_back(NormalizePath(dbname_ + std::string(1, kFilePathSeparator)));
  for (const auto& db_path : immutable_db_options_.db_paths) {
-    all_db_paths.insert(NormalizePath(db_path.path));
+    paths.push_back(
+        NormalizePath(db_path.path + std::string(1, kFilePathSeparator)));
  }
  for (const auto* cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
    for (const auto& cf_path : cfd->ioptions()->cf_paths) {
-      all_db_paths.insert(NormalizePath(cf_path.path));
+      paths.push_back(
+          NormalizePath(cf_path.path + std::string(1, kFilePathSeparator)));
    }
  }
-  return all_db_paths;
-}
+  // Dedup paths
+  std::sort(paths.begin(), paths.end());
+  paths.erase(std::unique(paths.begin(), paths.end()), paths.end());

-Status DBImpl::MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  uint64_t next_file_number = versions_->current_next_file_number();
  uint64_t largest_file_number = next_file_number;
  Status s;
-  for (const auto& path : CollectAllDBPaths()) {
+  for (const auto& path : paths) {
    std::vector<std::string> files;
    s = env_->GetChildren(path, &files);
    if (!s.ok()) {
@@ -1063,10 +996,13 @@ Status DBImpl::MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
      if (!ParseFileName(fname, &number, &type)) {
        continue;
      }
-      const std::string normalized_fpath = path + kFilePathSeparator + fname;
+      // path ends with '/' or '\\'
+      const std::string normalized_fpath = path + fname;
      largest_file_number = std::max(largest_file_number, number);
-      if ((type == kTableFile || type == kBlobFile)) {
-        recovery_ctx->existing_data_files_.push_back(normalized_fpath);
+      if (type == kTableFile && number >= next_file_number &&
+          recovery_ctx->files_to_delete_.find(normalized_fpath) ==
+              recovery_ctx->files_to_delete_.end()) {
+        recovery_ctx->files_to_delete_.emplace(normalized_fpath, path);
      }
    }
  }
@@ -1086,4 +1022,5 @@ Status DBImpl::MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
  recovery_ctx->UpdateVersionEdits(default_cfd, edit);
  return s;
 }
+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -1,348 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) 2024-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#include "db/db_impl/db_impl_follower.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-#include "db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.h"
-#include "db/merge_context.h"
-#include "env/composite_env_wrapper.h"
-#include "env/fs_on_demand.h"
-#include "logging/auto_roll_logger.h"
-#include "logging/logging.h"
-#include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
-#include "rocksdb/configurable.h"
-#include "rocksdb/db.h"
-#include "util/cast_util.h"
-#include "util/write_batch_util.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-DBImplFollower::DBImplFollower(const DBOptions& db_options,
-                               std::unique_ptr<Env>&& env,
-                               const std::string& dbname, std::string src_path)
-    : DBImplSecondary(db_options, dbname, ""),
-      env_guard_(std::move(env)),
-      stop_requested_(false),
-      src_path_(std::move(src_path)),
-      cv_(&mu_) {
-  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                 "Opening the db in follower mode");
-  LogFlush(immutable_db_options_.info_log);
-}
-
-DBImplFollower::~DBImplFollower() {
-  Status s = Close();
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Error closing DB : %s",
-                   s.ToString().c_str());
-  }
-}
-
-// Recover a follower DB instance by reading the MANIFEST. The verification
-// as part of the MANIFEST replay will ensure that local links to the
-// leader's files are created, thus ensuring we can continue reading them
-// even if the leader deletes those files due to compaction.
-// TODO:
-//  1. Devise a mechanism to prevent misconfiguration by, for example,
-//     keeping a local copy of the IDENTITY file and cross checking
-//  2. Make the recovery more robust by retrying if the first attempt
-//     fails.
-Status DBImplFollower::Recover(
-    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-    bool /*readonly*/, bool /*error_if_wal_file_exists*/,
-    bool /*error_if_data_exists_in_wals*/, bool /*is_retry*/, uint64_t*,
-    RecoveryContext* /*recovery_ctx*/, bool* /*can_retry*/) {
-  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-
-  JobContext job_context(0);
-  Status s;
-  s = static_cast<ReactiveVersionSet*>(versions_.get())
-          ->Recover(column_families, &manifest_reader_, &manifest_reporter_,
-                    &manifest_reader_status_);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    if (manifest_reader_status_) {
-      manifest_reader_status_->PermitUncheckedError();
-    }
-    return s;
-  }
-  if (immutable_db_options_.paranoid_checks && s.ok()) {
-    s = CheckConsistency();
-  }
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    default_cf_handle_ = new ColumnFamilyHandleImpl(
-        versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetDefault(), this, &mutex_);
-    default_cf_internal_stats_ = default_cf_handle_->cfd()->internal_stats();
-
-    // Start the periodic catch-up thread
-    // TODO: See if it makes sense to have a threadpool, rather than a thread
-    // per follower DB instance
-    catch_up_thread_.reset(
-        new port::Thread(&DBImplFollower::PeriodicRefresh, this));
-  }
-
-  return s;
-}
-
-// Try to catch up by tailing the MANIFEST.
-// TODO:
-//   1. Cleanup obsolete files afterward
-//   2. Add some error notifications and statistics
-Status DBImplFollower::TryCatchUpWithLeader() {
-  assert(versions_.get() != nullptr);
-  assert(manifest_reader_.get() != nullptr);
-  Status s;
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin1");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:Begin2");
-  // read the manifest and apply new changes to the follower instance
-  std::unordered_set<ColumnFamilyData*> cfds_changed;
-  JobContext job_context(0, true /*create_superversion*/);
-  {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock_guard(&mutex_);
-    std::vector<std::string> files_to_delete;
-    s = static_cast_with_check<ReactiveVersionSet>(versions_.get())
-            ->ReadAndApply(&mutex_, &manifest_reader_,
-                           manifest_reader_status_.get(), &cfds_changed,
-                           &files_to_delete);
-    ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(pending_outputs_inserted_elem_);
-    pending_outputs_inserted_elem_.reset(new std::list<uint64_t>::iterator(
-        CaptureCurrentFileNumberInPendingOutputs()));
-
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Last sequence is %" PRIu64,
-                   static_cast<uint64_t>(versions_->LastSequence()));
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
-        immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Next file number is %" PRIu64,
-        static_cast<uint64_t>(versions_->current_next_file_number()));
-    for (ColumnFamilyData* cfd : cfds_changed) {
-      if (cfd->IsDropped()) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "[%s] is dropped\n",
-                        cfd->GetName().c_str());
-        continue;
-      }
-      VersionStorageInfo::LevelSummaryStorage tmp;
-      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                      "[%s] Level summary: %s\n", cfd->GetName().c_str(),
-                      cfd->current()->storage_info()->LevelSummary(&tmp));
-    }
-
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      for (auto cfd : cfds_changed) {
-        if (cfd->mem()->GetEarliestSequenceNumber() <
-            versions_->LastSequence()) {
-          // Construct a new memtable with earliest sequence number set to the
-          // last sequence number in the VersionSet. This matters when
-          // DBImpl::MultiCFSnapshot tries to get consistent references
-          // to super versions in a lock free manner, it checks the earliest
-          // sequence number to detect if there was a change in version in
-          // the meantime.
-          const MutableCFOptions mutable_cf_options =
-              *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions();
-          MemTable* new_mem = cfd->ConstructNewMemtable(
-              mutable_cf_options, versions_->LastSequence());
-          cfd->mem()->SetNextLogNumber(cfd->GetLogNumber());
-          cfd->mem()->ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();
-          cfd->imm()->Add(cfd->mem(), &job_context.memtables_to_free);
-          new_mem->Ref();
-          cfd->SetMemtable(new_mem);
-        }
-
-        // This will check if the old memtable is still referenced
-        cfd->imm()->RemoveOldMemTables(cfd->GetLogNumber(),
-                                       &job_context.memtables_to_free);
-        auto& sv_context = job_context.superversion_contexts.back();
-        cfd->InstallSuperVersion(&sv_context, &mutex_);
-        sv_context.NewSuperVersion();
-      }
-    }
-
-    for (auto& file : files_to_delete) {
-      IOStatus io_s = fs_->DeleteFile(file, IOOptions(), nullptr);
-      if (!io_s.ok()) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                       "Cannot delete file %s: %s", file.c_str(),
-                       io_s.ToString().c_str());
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  job_context.Clean();
-
-  // Cleanup unused, obsolete files.
-  JobContext purge_files_job_context(0);
-  {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock_guard(&mutex_);
-    // Currently, follower instance does not create any database files, thus
-    // is unnecessary for the follower to force full scan.
-    FindObsoleteFiles(&purge_files_job_context, /*force=*/false);
-  }
-  if (purge_files_job_context.HaveSomethingToDelete()) {
-    PurgeObsoleteFiles(purge_files_job_context);
-  }
-  purge_files_job_context.Clean();
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplFollower::TryCatchupWithLeader:End");
-
-  return s;
-}
-
-void DBImplFollower::PeriodicRefresh() {
-  while (!stop_requested_.load()) {
-    MutexLock l(&mu_);
-    int64_t wait_until =
-        immutable_db_options_.clock->NowMicros() +
-        immutable_db_options_.follower_refresh_catchup_period_ms * 1000;
-    immutable_db_options_.clock->TimedWait(
-        &cv_, std::chrono::microseconds(wait_until));
-    if (stop_requested_.load()) {
-      break;
-    }
-    Status s;
-    for (uint64_t i = 0;
-         i < immutable_db_options_.follower_catchup_retry_count &&
-         !stop_requested_.load();
-         ++i) {
-      s = TryCatchUpWithLeader();
-
-      if (s.ok()) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                       "Successful catch up on attempt %llu",
-                       static_cast<unsigned long long>(i));
-        break;
-      }
-      wait_until = immutable_db_options_.clock->NowMicros() +
-                   immutable_db_options_.follower_catchup_retry_wait_ms * 1000;
-      immutable_db_options_.clock->TimedWait(
-          &cv_, std::chrono::microseconds(wait_until));
-    }
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Catch up unsuccessful");
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-Status DBImplFollower::Close() {
-  if (catch_up_thread_) {
-    stop_requested_.store(true);
-    {
-      MutexLock l(&mu_);
-      cv_.SignalAll();
-    }
-    catch_up_thread_->join();
-    catch_up_thread_.reset();
-  }
-
-  ReleaseFileNumberFromPendingOutputs(pending_outputs_inserted_elem_);
-
-  return DBImpl::Close();
-}
-
-Status DB::OpenAsFollower(const Options& options, const std::string& dbname,
-                          const std::string& leader_path,
-                          std::unique_ptr<DB>* dbptr) {
-  dbptr->reset();
-
-  DBOptions db_options(options);
-  ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options(options);
-  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
-  column_families.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, cf_options);
-  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
-
-  Status s = DB::OpenAsFollower(db_options, dbname, leader_path,
-                                column_families, &handles, dbptr);
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    assert(handles.size() == 1);
-    delete handles[0];
-  }
-  return s;
-}
-
-Status DB::OpenAsFollower(
-    const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
-    const std::string& src_path,
-    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-    std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles, std::unique_ptr<DB>* dbptr) {
-  dbptr->reset();
-
-  FileSystem* fs = db_options.env->GetFileSystem().get();
-  {
-    IOStatus io_s;
-    if (db_options.create_if_missing) {
-      io_s = fs->CreateDirIfMissing(dbname, IOOptions(), nullptr);
-    } else {
-      io_s = fs->FileExists(dbname, IOOptions(), nullptr);
-    }
-    if (!io_s.ok()) {
-      return static_cast<Status>(io_s);
-    }
-  }
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> new_env(new CompositeEnvWrapper(
-      db_options.env, NewOnDemandFileSystem(db_options.env->GetFileSystem(),
-                                            src_path, dbname)));
-
-  DBOptions tmp_opts(db_options);
-  Status s;
-  tmp_opts.env = new_env.get();
-  if (nullptr == tmp_opts.info_log) {
-    s = CreateLoggerFromOptions(dbname, tmp_opts, &tmp_opts.info_log);
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      tmp_opts.info_log = nullptr;
-      return s;
-    }
-  }
-
-  handles->clear();
-  DBImplFollower* impl =
-      new DBImplFollower(tmp_opts, std::move(new_env), dbname, src_path);
-  impl->versions_.reset(new ReactiveVersionSet(
-      dbname, &impl->immutable_db_options_, impl->file_options_,
-      impl->table_cache_.get(), impl->write_buffer_manager_,
-      &impl->write_controller_, impl->io_tracer_));
-  impl->column_family_memtables_.reset(
-      new ColumnFamilyMemTablesImpl(impl->versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()));
-  impl->wal_in_db_path_ = impl->immutable_db_options_.IsWalDirSameAsDBPath();
-
-  impl->mutex_.Lock();
-  s = impl->Recover(column_families, /*read_only=*/true,
-                    /*error_if_wal_file_exists=*/false,
-                    /*error_if_data_exists_in_wals=*/false);
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    for (const auto& cf : column_families) {
-      auto cfd =
-          impl->versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetColumnFamily(cf.name);
-      if (nullptr == cfd) {
-        s = Status::InvalidArgument("Column family not found", cf.name);
-        break;
-      }
-      handles->push_back(new ColumnFamilyHandleImpl(cfd, impl, &impl->mutex_));
-    }
-  }
-  SuperVersionContext sv_context(false /* create_superversion */);
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    for (auto cfd : *impl->versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
-      sv_context.NewSuperVersion();
-      cfd->InstallSuperVersion(&sv_context, &impl->mutex_);
-    }
-  }
-  impl->mutex_.Unlock();
-  sv_context.Clean();
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    dbptr->reset(impl);
-    for (auto h : *handles) {
-      impl->NewThreadStatusCfInfo(
-          static_cast_with_check<ColumnFamilyHandleImpl>(h)->cfd());
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (auto h : *handles) {
-      delete h;
-    }
-    handles->clear();
-    delete impl;
-  }
-  return s;
-}
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) 2024-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
-#include "db/db_impl/db_impl_secondary.h"
-#include "logging/logging.h"
-#include "port/port.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-class DBImplFollower : public DBImplSecondary {
- public:
-  DBImplFollower(const DBOptions& db_options, std::unique_ptr<Env>&& env,
-                 const std::string& dbname, std::string src_path);
-  ~DBImplFollower();
-
-  Status Close() override;
-
- protected:
-  bool OwnTablesAndLogs() const override {
-    // TODO: Change this to true once we've properly implemented file
-    // deletion for the read scaling case
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  Status Recover(const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
-                 bool /*readonly*/, bool /*error_if_wal_file_exists*/,
-                 bool /*error_if_data_exists_in_wals*/,
-                 bool /*is_retry*/ = false, uint64_t* = nullptr,
-                 RecoveryContext* /*recovery_ctx*/ = nullptr,
-                 bool* /*can_retry*/ = nullptr) override;
-
- private:
-  friend class DB;
-
-  Status TryCatchUpWithLeader();
-  void PeriodicRefresh();
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Env> env_guard_;
-  std::unique_ptr<port::Thread> catch_up_thread_;
-  std::atomic<bool> stop_requested_;
-  std::string src_path_;
-  port::Mutex mu_;
-  port::CondVar cv_;
-  std::unique_ptr<std::list<uint64_t>::iterator> pending_outputs_inserted_elem_;
-};
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
@@ -175,6 +175,15 @@ DBOptions SanitizeOptions(const std::string& dbname, const DBOptions& src,
      }
    }
  }
+  // When the DB is stopped, it's possible that there are some .trash files that
+  // were not deleted yet, when we open the DB we will find these .trash files
+  // and schedule them to be deleted (or delete immediately if SstFileManager
+  // was not used)
+  auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(result.sst_file_manager.get());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < result.db_paths.size(); i++) {
+    DeleteScheduler::CleanupDirectory(result.env, sfm, result.db_paths[i].path)
+        .PermitUncheckedError();
+  }

  // Create a default SstFileManager for purposes of tracking compaction size
  // and facilitating recovery from out of space errors.
@@ -289,25 +298,24 @@ Status DBImpl::ValidateOptions(const DBOptions& db_options) {
          "start_time and end_time cannot be the same");
    }
  }
-
-  if (!db_options.write_dbid_to_manifest && !db_options.write_identity_file) {
-    return Status::InvalidArgument(
-        "write_dbid_to_manifest and write_identity_file cannot both be false");
-  }
  return Status::OK();
 }

 Status DBImpl::NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames) {
-  VersionEdit new_db_edit;
+  VersionEdit new_db;
  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
-  Status s = SetupDBId(write_options, /*read_only=*/false, /*is_new_db=*/true,
-                       /*is_retry=*/false, &new_db_edit);
+  Status s = SetIdentityFile(write_options, env_, dbname_);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }
-  new_db_edit.SetLogNumber(0);
-  new_db_edit.SetNextFile(2);
-  new_db_edit.SetLastSequence(0);
+  if (immutable_db_options_.write_dbid_to_manifest) {
+    std::string temp_db_id;
+    GetDbIdentityFromIdentityFile(&temp_db_id);
+    new_db.SetDBId(temp_db_id);
+  }
+  new_db.SetLogNumber(0);
+  new_db.SetNextFile(2);
+  new_db.SetLastSequence(0);

  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Creating manifest 1 \n");
  const std::string manifest = DescriptorFileName(dbname_, 1);
@@ -317,12 +325,6 @@ Status DBImpl::NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames) {
    }
    std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> file;
    FileOptions file_options = fs_->OptimizeForManifestWrite(file_options_);
-    // DB option takes precedence when not kUnknown
-    if (immutable_db_options_.metadata_write_temperature !=
-        Temperature::kUnknown) {
-      file_options.temperature =
-          immutable_db_options_.metadata_write_temperature;
-    }
    s = NewWritableFile(fs_.get(), manifest, &file, file_options);
    if (!s.ok()) {
      return s;
@@ -339,7 +341,7 @@ Status DBImpl::NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames) {
        tmp_set.Contains(FileType::kDescriptorFile)));
    log::Writer log(std::move(file_writer), 0, false);
    std::string record;
-    new_db_edit.EncodeTo(&record);
+    new_db.EncodeTo(&record);
    s = log.AddRecord(write_options, record);
    if (s.ok()) {
      s = SyncManifest(&immutable_db_options_, write_options, log.file());
@@ -348,7 +350,6 @@ Status DBImpl::NewDB(std::vector<std::string>* new_filenames) {
  if (s.ok()) {
    // Make "CURRENT" file that points to the new manifest file.
    s = SetCurrentFile(write_options, fs_.get(), dbname_, 1,
-                       immutable_db_options_.metadata_write_temperature,
                       directories_.GetDbDir());
    if (new_filenames) {
      new_filenames->emplace_back(
@@ -412,8 +413,7 @@ IOStatus Directories::SetDirectories(FileSystem* fs, const std::string& dbname,
 Status DBImpl::Recover(
    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families, bool read_only,
    bool error_if_wal_file_exists, bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals,
-    bool is_retry, uint64_t* recovered_seq, RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx,
-    bool* can_retry) {
+    uint64_t* recovered_seq, RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();

  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
@@ -525,41 +525,11 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
    }
    assert(s.ok());
  }
-  assert(is_new_db || db_id_.empty());
+  assert(db_id_.empty());
  Status s;
  bool missing_table_file = false;
  if (!immutable_db_options_.best_efforts_recovery) {
-    // Status of reading the descriptor file
-    Status desc_status;
-    s = versions_->Recover(column_families, read_only, &db_id_,
-                           /*no_error_if_files_missing=*/false, is_retry,
-                           &desc_status);
-    desc_status.PermitUncheckedError();
-    if (is_retry) {
-      RecordTick(stats_, FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT);
-      if (desc_status.ok()) {
-        RecordTick(stats_, FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT);
-      }
-    }
-    if (can_retry) {
-      // If we're opening for the first time and the failure is likely due to
-      // a corrupt MANIFEST file (could result in either the log::Reader
-      // detecting a corrupt record, or SST files not found error due to
-      // discarding badly formed tail records)
-      if (!is_retry &&
-          (desc_status.IsCorruption() || s.IsNotFound() || s.IsCorruption()) &&
-          CheckFSFeatureSupport(fs_.get(),
-                                FSSupportedOps::kVerifyAndReconstructRead)) {
-        *can_retry = true;
-        ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(
-            immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-            "Possible corruption detected while replaying MANIFEST %s, %s. "
-            "Will be retried.",
-            desc_status.ToString().c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
-      } else {
-        *can_retry = false;
-      }
-    }
+    s = versions_->Recover(column_families, read_only, &db_id_);
  } else {
    assert(!files_in_dbname.empty());
    s = versions_->TryRecover(column_families, read_only, files_in_dbname,
@@ -575,7 +545,6 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
  }
  if (s.ok() && !read_only) {
    for (auto cfd : *versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()) {
-      auto& moptions = *cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions();
      // Try to trivially move files down the LSM tree to start from bottommost
      // level when level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes is enabled. This should
      // only be useful when user is migrating to turning on this option.
@@ -593,14 +562,14 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
      if (cfd->ioptions()->compaction_style ==
              CompactionStyle::kCompactionStyleLevel &&
          cfd->ioptions()->level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes &&
-          !moptions.disable_auto_compactions) {
+          !cfd->GetLatestMutableCFOptions()->disable_auto_compactions) {
        int to_level = cfd->ioptions()->num_levels - 1;
        // last level is reserved
        // allow_ingest_behind does not support Level Compaction,
        // and per_key_placement can have infinite compaction loop for Level
        // Compaction. Adjust to_level here just to be safe.
        if (cfd->ioptions()->allow_ingest_behind ||
-            moptions.preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0) {
+            cfd->ioptions()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds > 0) {
          to_level -= 1;
        }
        // Whether this column family has a level trivially moved
@@ -652,7 +621,7 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
                           f->fd.smallest_seqno, f->fd.largest_seqno,
                           f->marked_for_compaction,
                           f->temperature,  // this can be different from
-                           // `last_level_temperature`
+                                            // `last_level_temperature`
                           f->oldest_blob_file_number, f->oldest_ancester_time,
                           f->file_creation_time, f->epoch_number,
                           f->file_checksum, f->file_checksum_func_name,
@@ -672,20 +641,10 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
      }
    }
  }
-  if (is_new_db) {
-    // Already set up DB ID in NewDB
-  } else if (immutable_db_options_.write_dbid_to_manifest && recovery_ctx) {
-    VersionEdit edit;
-    s = SetupDBId(write_options, read_only, is_new_db, is_retry, &edit);
-    recovery_ctx->UpdateVersionEdits(
-        versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetDefault(), edit);
-  } else {
-    s = SetupDBId(write_options, read_only, is_new_db, is_retry, nullptr);
-  }
-  assert(!s.ok() || !db_id_.empty());
+  s = SetupDBId(write_options, read_only, recovery_ctx);
  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "DB ID: %s\n", db_id_.c_str());
  if (s.ok() && !read_only) {
-    s = MaybeUpdateNextFileNumber(recovery_ctx);
+    s = DeleteUnreferencedSstFiles(recovery_ctx);
  }

  if (immutable_db_options_.paranoid_checks && s.ok()) {
@@ -808,8 +767,8 @@ Status DBImpl::Recover(
      std::sort(wals.begin(), wals.end());

      bool corrupted_wal_found = false;
-      s = RecoverLogFiles(wals, &next_sequence, read_only, is_retry,
-                          &corrupted_wal_found, recovery_ctx);
+      s = RecoverLogFiles(wals, &next_sequence, read_only, &corrupted_wal_found,
+                          recovery_ctx);
      if (corrupted_wal_found && recovered_seq != nullptr) {
        *recovered_seq = next_sequence;
      }
@@ -987,6 +946,19 @@ Status DBImpl::LogAndApplyForRecovery(const RecoveryContext& recovery_ctx) {
                                    recovery_ctx.mutable_cf_opts_, read_options,
                                    write_options, recovery_ctx.edit_lists_,
                                    &mutex_, directories_.GetDbDir());
+  if (s.ok() && !(recovery_ctx.files_to_delete_.empty())) {
+    mutex_.Unlock();
+    for (const auto& stale_sst_file : recovery_ctx.files_to_delete_) {
+      s = DeleteDBFile(&immutable_db_options_, stale_sst_file.first,
+                       stale_sst_file.second,
+                       /*force_bg=*/false,
+                       /*force_fg=*/false);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    mutex_.Lock();
+  }
  return s;
 }

@@ -1106,7 +1078,7 @@ bool DBImpl::InvokeWalFilterIfNeededOnWalRecord(uint64_t wal_number,
 // REQUIRES: wal_numbers are sorted in ascending order
 Status DBImpl::RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers,
                               SequenceNumber* next_sequence, bool read_only,
-                               bool is_retry, bool* corrupted_wal_found,
+                               bool* corrupted_wal_found,
                               RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx) {
  struct LogReporter : public log::Reader::Reporter {
    Env* env;
@@ -1217,7 +1189,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers,
      }
      file_reader.reset(new SequentialFileReader(
          std::move(file), fname, immutable_db_options_.log_readahead_size,
-          io_tracer_, /*listeners=*/{}, /*rate_limiter=*/nullptr, is_retry));
+          io_tracer_));
    }

    // Create the log reader.
@@ -1275,8 +1247,7 @@ Status DBImpl::RecoverLogFiles(const std::vector<uint64_t>& wal_numbers,
          reader.GetRecordedTimestampSize();
      status = HandleWriteBatchTimestampSizeDifference(
          &batch, running_ts_sz, record_ts_sz,
-          TimestampSizeConsistencyMode::kReconcileInconsistency, seq_per_batch_,
-          batch_per_txn_, &new_batch);
+          TimestampSizeConsistencyMode::kReconcileInconsistency, &new_batch);
      if (!status.ok()) {
        return status;
      }
@@ -1669,19 +1640,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
  Arena arena;
  Status s;
  TableProperties table_properties;
-  const auto* ucmp = cfd->internal_comparator().user_comparator();
-  assert(ucmp);
-  const size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
-  const bool logical_strip_timestamp =
-      ts_sz > 0 && !cfd->ioptions()->persist_user_defined_timestamps;
  {
    ScopedArenaPtr<InternalIterator> iter(
-        logical_strip_timestamp
-            ? mem->NewTimestampStrippingIterator(
-                  ro, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr, &arena,
-                  /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr, ts_sz)
-            : mem->NewIterator(ro, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr, &arena,
-                               /*prefix_extractor=*/nullptr));
+        mem->NewIterator(ro, /*seqno_to_time_mapping=*/nullptr, &arena));
    ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
                    "[%s] [WriteLevel0TableForRecovery]"
                    " Level-0 table #%" PRIu64 ": started",
@@ -1700,15 +1661,12 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
    meta.oldest_ancester_time = current_time;
    meta.epoch_number = cfd->NewEpochNumber();
    {
-      auto write_hint =
-          cfd->current()->storage_info()->CalculateSSTWriteHint(/*level=*/0);
+      auto write_hint = cfd->CalculateSSTWriteHint(0);
      mutex_.Unlock();

      SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot;
      std::vector<SequenceNumber> snapshot_seqs =
          snapshots_.GetAll(&earliest_write_conflict_snapshot);
-      SequenceNumber earliest_snapshot =
-          (snapshot_seqs.empty() ? kMaxSequenceNumber : snapshot_seqs.at(0));
      auto snapshot_checker = snapshot_checker_.get();
      if (use_custom_gc_ && snapshot_checker == nullptr) {
        snapshot_checker = DisableGCSnapshotChecker::Instance();
@@ -1716,14 +1674,11 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FragmentedRangeTombstoneIterator>>
          range_del_iters;
      auto range_del_iter =
-          logical_strip_timestamp
-              ? mem->NewTimestampStrippingRangeTombstoneIterator(
-                    ro, kMaxSequenceNumber, ts_sz)
-              // This is called during recovery, where a live memtable is
-              // flushed directly. In this case, no fragmented tombstone list is
-              // cached in this memtable yet.
-              : mem->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(ro, kMaxSequenceNumber,
-                                               false /* immutable_memtable */);
+          // This is called during recovery, where a live memtable is flushed
+          // directly. In this case, no fragmented tombstone list is cached in
+          // this memtable yet.
+          mem->NewRangeTombstoneIterator(ro, kMaxSequenceNumber,
+                                         false /* immutable_memtable */);
      if (range_del_iter != nullptr) {
        range_del_iters.emplace_back(range_del_iter);
      }
@@ -1731,32 +1686,29 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
      IOStatus io_s;
      const ReadOptions read_option(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
      const WriteOptions write_option(Env::IO_HIGH, Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
-
      TableBuilderOptions tboptions(
          *cfd->ioptions(), mutable_cf_options, read_option, write_option,
          cfd->internal_comparator(), cfd->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
          GetCompressionFlush(*cfd->ioptions(), mutable_cf_options),
          mutable_cf_options.compression_opts, cfd->GetID(), cfd->GetName(),
-          0 /* level */, current_time /* newest_key_time */,
-          false /* is_bottommost */, TableFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
-          0 /* oldest_key_time */, 0 /* file_creation_time */, db_id_,
-          db_session_id_, 0 /* target_file_size */, meta.fd.GetNumber(),
-          kMaxSequenceNumber);
+          0 /* level */, false /* is_bottommost */,
+          TableFileCreationReason::kRecovery, 0 /* oldest_key_time */,
+          0 /* file_creation_time */, db_id_, db_session_id_,
+          0 /* target_file_size */, meta.fd.GetNumber());
      Version* version = cfd->current();
      version->Ref();
      uint64_t num_input_entries = 0;
-      s = BuildTable(dbname_, versions_.get(), immutable_db_options_, tboptions,
-                     file_options_for_compaction_, cfd->table_cache(),
-                     iter.get(), std::move(range_del_iters), &meta,
-                     &blob_file_additions, snapshot_seqs, earliest_snapshot,
-                     earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
-                     snapshot_checker, paranoid_file_checks,
-                     cfd->internal_stats(), &io_s, io_tracer_,
-                     BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
-                     nullptr /* seqno_to_time_mapping */, &event_logger_,
-                     job_id, nullptr /* table_properties */, write_hint,
-                     nullptr /*full_history_ts_low*/, &blob_callback_, version,
-                     &num_input_entries);
+      s = BuildTable(
+          dbname_, versions_.get(), immutable_db_options_, tboptions,
+          file_options_for_compaction_, cfd->table_cache(), iter.get(),
+          std::move(range_del_iters), &meta, &blob_file_additions,
+          snapshot_seqs, earliest_write_conflict_snapshot, kMaxSequenceNumber,
+          snapshot_checker, paranoid_file_checks, cfd->internal_stats(), &io_s,
+          io_tracer_, BlobFileCreationReason::kRecovery,
+          nullptr /* seqno_to_time_mapping */, &event_logger_, job_id,
+          nullptr /* table_properties */, write_hint,
+          nullptr /*full_history_ts_low*/, &blob_callback_, version,
+          &num_input_entries);
      version->Unref();
      LogFlush(immutable_db_options_.info_log);
      ROCKS_LOG_DEBUG(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
@@ -1771,7 +1723,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,
        s = io_s;
      }

-      uint64_t total_num_entries = mem->NumEntries();
+      uint64_t total_num_entries = mem->num_entries();
      if (s.ok() && total_num_entries != num_input_entries) {
        std::string msg = "Expected " + std::to_string(total_num_entries) +
                          " entries in memtable, but read " +
@@ -1810,7 +1762,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery(int job_id, ColumnFamilyData* cfd,

    // For UDT in memtable only feature, move up the cutoff timestamp whenever
    // a flush happens.
-    if (logical_strip_timestamp) {
+    const Comparator* ucmp = cfd->user_comparator();
+    size_t ts_sz = ucmp->timestamp_size();
+    if (ts_sz > 0 && !cfd->ioptions()->persist_user_defined_timestamps) {
      Slice mem_newest_udt = mem->GetNewestUDT();
      std::string full_history_ts_low = cfd->GetFullHistoryTsLow();
      if (full_history_ts_low.empty() ||
@@ -1879,12 +1833,8 @@ Status DB::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
  const bool kBatchPerTxn = true;
  ThreadStatusUtil::SetEnableTracking(db_options.enable_thread_tracking);
  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperation(ThreadStatus::OperationType::OP_DBOPEN);
-  bool can_retry = false;
-  Status s;
-  do {
-    s = DBImpl::Open(db_options, dbname, column_families, handles, dbptr,
-                     !kSeqPerBatch, kBatchPerTxn, can_retry, &can_retry);
-  } while (!s.ok() && can_retry);
+  Status s = DBImpl::Open(db_options, dbname, column_families, handles, dbptr,
+                          !kSeqPerBatch, kBatchPerTxn);
  ThreadStatusUtil::ResetThreadStatus();
  return s;
 }
@@ -1966,10 +1916,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::CreateWAL(const WriteOptions& write_options,
      BuildDBOptions(immutable_db_options_, mutable_db_options_);
  FileOptions opt_file_options =
      fs_->OptimizeForLogWrite(file_options_, db_options);
-  // DB option takes precedence when not kUnknown
-  if (immutable_db_options_.wal_write_temperature != Temperature::kUnknown) {
-    opt_file_options.temperature = immutable_db_options_.wal_write_temperature;
-  }
  std::string wal_dir = immutable_db_options_.GetWalDir();
  std::string log_fname = LogFileName(wal_dir, log_file_num);

@@ -2007,16 +1953,10 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::CreateWAL(const WriteOptions& write_options,
  return io_s;
 }

-void DBImpl::TrackExistingDataFiles(
-    const std::vector<std::string>& existing_data_files) {
-  TrackOrUntrackFiles(existing_data_files, /*track=*/true);
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
                    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
                    std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*>* handles, DB** dbptr,
-                    const bool seq_per_batch, const bool batch_per_txn,
-                    const bool is_retry, bool* can_retry) {
+                    const bool seq_per_batch, const bool batch_per_txn) {
  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);
  const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kDBOpen);

@@ -2059,7 +1999,7 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
        paths.emplace_back(cf_path.path);
      }
    }
-    for (const auto& path : paths) {
+    for (auto& path : paths) {
      s = impl->env_->CreateDirIfMissing(path);
      if (!s.ok()) {
        break;
@@ -2089,8 +2029,8 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
  uint64_t recovered_seq(kMaxSequenceNumber);
  s = impl->Recover(column_families, false /* read_only */,
                    false /* error_if_wal_file_exists */,
-                    false /* error_if_data_exists_in_wals */, is_retry,
-                    &recovered_seq, &recovery_ctx, can_retry);
+                    false /* error_if_data_exists_in_wals */, &recovered_seq,
+                    &recovery_ctx);
  if (s.ok()) {
    uint64_t new_log_number = impl->versions_->NewFileNumber();
    log::Writer* new_log = nullptr;
@@ -2098,11 +2038,6 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
        impl->GetWalPreallocateBlockSize(max_write_buffer_size);
    s = impl->CreateWAL(write_options, new_log_number, 0 /*recycle_log_number*/,
                        preallocate_block_size, &new_log);
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      // Prevent log files created by previous instance from being recycled.
-      // They might be in alive_log_file_, and might get recycled otherwise.
-      impl->min_log_number_to_recycle_ = new_log_number;
-    }
    if (s.ok()) {
      InstrumentedMutexLock wl(&impl->log_write_mutex_);
      impl->logfile_number_ = new_log_number;
@@ -2153,13 +2088,6 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
    s = impl->LogAndApplyForRecovery(recovery_ctx);
  }

-  if (s.ok() && !impl->immutable_db_options_.write_identity_file) {
-    // On successful recovery, delete an obsolete IDENTITY file to avoid DB ID
-    // inconsistency
-    impl->env_->DeleteFile(IdentityFileName(impl->dbname_))
-        .PermitUncheckedError();
-  }
-
  if (s.ok() && impl->immutable_db_options_.persist_stats_to_disk) {
    impl->mutex_.AssertHeld();
    s = impl->InitPersistStatsColumnFamily();
@@ -2237,6 +2165,9 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
        impl->WriteOptionsFile(write_options, true /*db_mutex_already_held*/);
    *dbptr = impl;
    impl->opened_successfully_ = true;
+    impl->DeleteObsoleteFiles();
+    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::Open:AfterDeleteFiles");
+    impl->MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
  } else {
    persist_options_status.PermitUncheckedError();
  }
@@ -2251,10 +2182,73 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(impl->immutable_db_options_.info_log,
                   "SstFileManager instance %p", sfm);

-    impl->TrackExistingDataFiles(recovery_ctx.existing_data_files_);
+    // Notify SstFileManager about all sst files that already exist in
+    // db_paths[0] and cf_paths[0] when the DB is opened.
+
+    // SstFileManagerImpl needs to know sizes of the files. For files whose size
+    // we already know (sst files that appear in manifest - typically that's the
+    // vast majority of all files), we'll pass the size to SstFileManager.
+    // For all other files SstFileManager will query the size from filesystem.
+
+    std::vector<ColumnFamilyMetaData> metadata;
+    impl->GetAllColumnFamilyMetaData(&metadata);
+
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, uint64_t> known_file_sizes;
+    for (const auto& md : metadata) {
+      for (const auto& lmd : md.levels) {
+        for (const auto& fmd : lmd.files) {
+          known_file_sizes[fmd.relative_filename] = fmd.size;
+        }
+      }
+      for (const auto& bmd : md.blob_files) {
+        std::string name = bmd.blob_file_name;
+        // The BlobMetaData.blob_file_name may start with "/".
+        if (!name.empty() && name[0] == '/') {
+          name = name.substr(1);
+        }
+        known_file_sizes[name] = bmd.blob_file_size;
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> paths;
+    paths.emplace_back(impl->immutable_db_options_.db_paths[0].path);
+    for (auto& cf : column_families) {
+      if (!cf.options.cf_paths.empty()) {
+        paths.emplace_back(cf.options.cf_paths[0].path);
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove duplicate paths.
+    std::sort(paths.begin(), paths.end());
+    paths.erase(std::unique(paths.begin(), paths.end()), paths.end());
+    IOOptions io_opts;
+    io_opts.do_not_recurse = true;
+    for (auto& path : paths) {
+      std::vector<std::string> existing_files;
+      impl->immutable_db_options_.fs
+          ->GetChildren(path, io_opts, &existing_files,
+                        /*IODebugContext*=*/nullptr)
+          .PermitUncheckedError();  //**TODO: What do to on error?
+      for (auto& file_name : existing_files) {
+        uint64_t file_number;
+        FileType file_type;
+        std::string file_path = path + "/" + file_name;
+        if (ParseFileName(file_name, &file_number, &file_type) &&
+            (file_type == kTableFile || file_type == kBlobFile)) {
+          // TODO: Check for errors from OnAddFile?
+          if (known_file_sizes.count(file_name)) {
+            // We're assuming that each sst file name exists in at most one of
+            // the paths.
+            sfm->OnAddFile(file_path, known_file_sizes.at(file_name))
+                .PermitUncheckedError();
+          } else {
+            sfm->OnAddFile(file_path).PermitUncheckedError();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }

    // Reserve some disk buffer space. This is a heuristic - when we run out
-    // of disk space, this ensures that there is at least write_buffer_size
+    // of disk space, this ensures that there is atleast write_buffer_size
    // amount of free space before we resume DB writes. In low disk space
    // conditions, we want to avoid a lot of small L0 files due to frequent
    // WAL write failures and resultant forced flushes
@@ -2262,27 +2256,6 @@ Status DBImpl::Open(const DBOptions& db_options, const std::string& dbname,
                           impl->immutable_db_options_.db_paths[0].path);
  }

-  if (s.ok()) {
-    // When the DB is stopped, it's possible that there are some .trash files
-    // that were not deleted yet, when we open the DB we will find these .trash
-    // files and schedule them to be deleted (or delete immediately if
-    // SstFileManager was not used).
-    // Note that we only start doing this and below delete obsolete file after
-    // `TrackExistingDataFiles` are called, the `max_trash_db_ratio` is
-    // ineffective otherwise and these files' deletion won't be rate limited
-    // which can cause discard stall.
-    for (const auto& path : impl->CollectAllDBPaths()) {
-      DeleteScheduler::CleanupDirectory(impl->immutable_db_options_.env, sfm,
-                                        path)
-          .PermitUncheckedError();
-    }
-    impl->mutex_.Lock();
-    // This will do a full scan.
-    impl->DeleteObsoleteFiles();
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::Open:AfterDeleteFiles");
-    impl->MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
-    impl->mutex_.Unlock();
-  }

  if (s.ok()) {
    ROCKS_LOG_HEADER(impl->immutable_db_options_.info_log, "DB pointer %p",
@@ -265,8 +265,7 @@ Status OpenForReadOnlyCheckExistence(const DBOptions& db_options,
    const std::shared_ptr<FileSystem>& fs = db_options.env->GetFileSystem();
    std::string manifest_path;
    uint64_t manifest_file_number;
-    s = VersionSet::GetCurrentManifestPath(dbname, fs.get(), /*is_retry=*/false,
-                                           &manifest_path,
+    s = VersionSet::GetCurrentManifestPath(dbname, fs.get(), &manifest_path,
                                           &manifest_file_number);
  } else {
    // Historic behavior that doesn't necessarily make sense
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 #include "logging/auto_roll_logger.h"
 #include "logging/logging.h"
 #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
-#include "rocksdb/convenience.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h"
+#include "rocksdb/configurable.h"
 #include "util/cast_util.h"
 #include "util/write_batch_util.h"

@@ -34,8 +33,8 @@ DBImplSecondary::~DBImplSecondary() = default;
 Status DBImplSecondary::Recover(
    const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
    bool /*readonly*/, bool /*error_if_wal_file_exists*/,
-    bool /*error_if_data_exists_in_wals*/, bool /*is_retry*/, uint64_t*,
-    RecoveryContext* /*recovery_ctx*/, bool* /*can_retry*/) {
+    bool /*error_if_data_exists_in_wals*/, uint64_t*,
+    RecoveryContext* /*recovery_ctx*/) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();

  JobContext job_context(0);
@@ -233,8 +232,7 @@ Status DBImplSecondary::RecoverLogFiles(
          reader->GetRecordedTimestampSize();
      status = HandleWriteBatchTimestampSizeDifference(
          &batch, running_ts_sz, record_ts_sz,
-          TimestampSizeConsistencyMode::kVerifyConsistency, seq_per_batch_,
-          batch_per_txn_);
+          TimestampSizeConsistencyMode::kVerifyConsistency);
      if (!status.ok()) {
        break;
      }
@@ -248,7 +246,9 @@ Status DBImplSecondary::RecoverLogFiles(
          if (cfd == nullptr) {
            continue;
          }
-          cfds_changed->insert(cfd);
+          if (cfds_changed->count(cfd) == 0) {
+            cfds_changed->insert(cfd);
+          }
          const std::vector<FileMetaData*>& l0_files =
              cfd->current()->storage_info()->LevelFiles(0);
          SequenceNumber seq =
@@ -680,8 +680,7 @@ Status DBImplSecondary::TryCatchUpWithPrimary() {
    InstrumentedMutexLock lock_guard(&mutex_);
    s = static_cast_with_check<ReactiveVersionSet>(versions_.get())
            ->ReadAndApply(&mutex_, &manifest_reader_,
-                           manifest_reader_status_.get(), &cfds_changed,
-                           /*files_to_delete=*/nullptr);
+                           manifest_reader_status_.get(), &cfds_changed);

    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log, "Last sequence is %" PRIu64,
                   static_cast<uint64_t>(versions_->LastSequence()));
@@ -938,105 +937,69 @@ Status DB::OpenAndCompact(
    const std::string& output_directory, const std::string& input,
    std::string* output,
    const CompactionServiceOptionsOverride& override_options) {
-  // Check for cancellation
  if (options.canceled && options.canceled->load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
    return Status::Incomplete(Status::SubCode::kManualCompactionPaused);
  }
-
-  // 1. Deserialize Compaction Input
  CompactionServiceInput compaction_input;
  Status s = CompactionServiceInput::Read(input, &compaction_input);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }

-  // 2. Load the options
-  DBOptions db_options;
-  ConfigOptions config_options;
-  config_options.env = override_options.env;
-  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> all_column_families;
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
-      "DBImplSecondary::OpenAndCompact::BeforeLoadingOptions:0",
-      &compaction_input.options_file_number);
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplSecondary::OpenAndCompact::BeforeLoadingOptions:1");
-  std::string options_file_name =
-      OptionsFileName(name, compaction_input.options_file_number);
-
-  s = LoadOptionsFromFile(config_options, options_file_name, &db_options,
-                          &all_column_families);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    return s;
+  compaction_input.db_options.max_open_files = -1;
+  compaction_input.db_options.compaction_service = nullptr;
+  if (compaction_input.db_options.statistics) {
+    compaction_input.db_options.statistics.reset();
  }
-
-  // 3. Override pointer configurations in DBOptions with
-  // CompactionServiceOptionsOverride
-  db_options.env = override_options.env;
-  db_options.file_checksum_gen_factory =
+  compaction_input.db_options.env = override_options.env;
+  compaction_input.db_options.file_checksum_gen_factory =
      override_options.file_checksum_gen_factory;
-  db_options.statistics = override_options.statistics;
-  db_options.listeners = override_options.listeners;
-  db_options.compaction_service = nullptr;
-  // We will close the DB after the compaction anyway.
-  // Open as many files as needed for the compaction.
-  db_options.max_open_files = -1;
+  compaction_input.db_options.statistics = override_options.statistics;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.comparator =
+      override_options.comparator;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.merge_operator =
+      override_options.merge_operator;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.compaction_filter =
+      override_options.compaction_filter;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.compaction_filter_factory =
+      override_options.compaction_filter_factory;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.prefix_extractor =
+      override_options.prefix_extractor;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.table_factory =
+      override_options.table_factory;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.sst_partitioner_factory =
+      override_options.sst_partitioner_factory;
+  compaction_input.column_family.options.table_properties_collector_factories =
+      override_options.table_properties_collector_factories;
+  compaction_input.db_options.listeners = override_options.listeners;

-  // 4. Filter CFs that are needed for OpenAndCompact()
-  // We do not need to open all column families for the remote compaction.
-  // Only open default CF + target CF. If target CF == default CF, we will open
-  // just the default CF (Due to current limitation, DB cannot open without the
-  // default CF)
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
-  for (auto& cf : all_column_families) {
-    if (cf.name == compaction_input.cf_name) {
-      cf.options.comparator = override_options.comparator;
-      cf.options.merge_operator = override_options.merge_operator;
-      cf.options.compaction_filter = override_options.compaction_filter;
-      cf.options.compaction_filter_factory =
-          override_options.compaction_filter_factory;
-      cf.options.prefix_extractor = override_options.prefix_extractor;
-      cf.options.table_factory = override_options.table_factory;
-      cf.options.sst_partitioner_factory =
-          override_options.sst_partitioner_factory;
-      cf.options.table_properties_collector_factories =
-          override_options.table_properties_collector_factories;
-      column_families.emplace_back(cf);
-    } else if (cf.name == kDefaultColumnFamilyName) {
-      column_families.emplace_back(cf);
-    }
+  column_families.push_back(compaction_input.column_family);
+  // TODO: we have to open default CF, because of an implementation limitation,
+  // currently we just use the same CF option from input, which is not collect
+  // and open may fail.
+  if (compaction_input.column_family.name != kDefaultColumnFamilyName) {
+    column_families.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName,
+                                 compaction_input.column_family.options);
  }

-  // 5. Open db As Secondary
  DB* db;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
-  s = DB::OpenAsSecondary(db_options, name, output_directory, column_families,
-                          &handles, &db);
+
+  s = DB::OpenAsSecondary(compaction_input.db_options, name, output_directory,
+                          column_families, &handles, &db);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    return s;
  }
-  assert(db);

-  // 6. Find the handle of the Column Family that this will compact
-  ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
-  for (auto* handle : handles) {
-    if (compaction_input.cf_name == handle->GetName()) {
-      cfh = handle;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(cfh);
-
-  // 7. Run the compaction without installation.
-  // Output will be stored in the directory specified by output_directory
  CompactionServiceResult compaction_result;
  DBImplSecondary* db_secondary = static_cast_with_check<DBImplSecondary>(db);
-  s = db_secondary->CompactWithoutInstallation(options, cfh, compaction_input,
-                                               &compaction_result);
+  assert(handles.size() > 0);
+  s = db_secondary->CompactWithoutInstallation(
+      options, handles[0], compaction_input, &compaction_result);

-  // 8. Serialize the result
  Status serialization_status = compaction_result.Write(output);

-  // 9. Close the db and return
  for (auto& handle : handles) {
    delete handle;
  }
@@ -82,9 +82,8 @@ class DBImplSecondary : public DBImpl {
  // and log_readers_ to facilitate future operations.
  Status Recover(const std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor>& column_families,
                 bool read_only, bool error_if_wal_file_exists,
-                 bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals, bool is_retry = false,
-                 uint64_t* = nullptr, RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx = nullptr,
-                 bool* can_retry = nullptr) override;
+                 bool error_if_data_exists_in_wals, uint64_t* = nullptr,
+                 RecoveryContext* recovery_ctx = nullptr) override;

  // Can return IOError due to files being deleted by the primary. To avoid
  // IOError in this case, application can coordinate between primary and
@@ -277,10 +276,6 @@ class DBImplSecondary : public DBImpl {
    return false;
  }

-  std::unique_ptr<log::FragmentBufferedReader> manifest_reader_;
-  std::unique_ptr<log::Reader::Reporter> manifest_reporter_;
-  std::unique_ptr<Status> manifest_reader_status_;
-
 private:
  friend class DB;

@@ -309,6 +304,10 @@ class DBImplSecondary : public DBImpl {
                                    const CompactionServiceInput& input,
                                    CompactionServiceResult* result);

+  std::unique_ptr<log::FragmentBufferedReader> manifest_reader_;
+  std::unique_ptr<log::Reader::Reporter> manifest_reporter_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Status> manifest_reader_status_;
+
  // Cache log readers for each log number, used for continue WAL replay
  // after recovery
  std::map<uint64_t, std::unique_ptr<LogReaderContainer>> log_readers_;
@@ -155,36 +155,21 @@ Status DBImpl::Write(const WriteOptions& write_options, WriteBatch* my_batch) {
  }
  if (s.ok()) {
    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, /*callback=*/nullptr,
-                  /*user_write_cb=*/nullptr,
                  /*log_used=*/nullptr);
  }
  return s;
 }

-Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
-                                 WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                                 UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) {
-  Status s;
-  if (write_options.protection_bytes_per_key > 0) {
-    s = WriteBatchInternal::UpdateProtectionInfo(
-        my_batch, write_options.protection_bytes_per_key);
-  }
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb);
-  }
-  return s;
-}
-
 Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                 WriteBatch* my_batch,
-                                 UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb) {
+                                 WriteCallback* callback) {
  Status s;
  if (write_options.protection_bytes_per_key > 0) {
    s = WriteBatchInternal::UpdateProtectionInfo(
        my_batch, write_options.protection_bytes_per_key);
  }
  if (s.ok()) {
-    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, /*callback=*/nullptr, user_write_cb);
+    s = WriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, nullptr);
  }
  return s;
 }
@@ -194,9 +179,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteWithCallback(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 // published sequence.
 Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                         WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                         UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
-                         uint64_t log_ref, bool disable_memtable,
-                         uint64_t* seq_used, size_t batch_cnt,
+                         uint64_t* log_used, uint64_t log_ref,
+                         bool disable_memtable, uint64_t* seq_used,
+                         size_t batch_cnt,
                         PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback,
                         PostMemTableCallback* post_memtable_callback) {
  assert(!seq_per_batch_ || batch_cnt != 0);
@@ -236,11 +221,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    return Status::InvalidArgument(
        "`WriteOptions::protection_bytes_per_key` must be zero or eight");
  } else if (write_options.disableWAL &&
-             immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0 &&
-             !(two_write_queues_ && disable_memtable)) {
-    // Corruption detection in recycled WALs relies on sequential sequence
-    // numbers, but WritePreparedTxnDB uses disableWAL internally for split
-    // writes
+             immutable_db_options_.recycle_log_file_num > 0) {
    return Status::InvalidArgument(
        "WriteOptions::disableWAL option is not supported if "
        "DBOptions::recycle_log_file_num > 0");
@@ -283,10 +264,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    return Status::NotSupported(
        "seq_per_batch currently does not honor post_memtable_callback");
  }
-  if (my_batch->HasDeleteRange() && immutable_db_options_.row_cache) {
-    return Status::NotSupported(
-        "DeleteRange is not compatible with row cache.");
-  }
  // Otherwise IsLatestPersistentState optimization does not make sense
  assert(!WriteBatchInternal::IsLatestPersistentState(my_batch) ||
         disable_memtable);
@@ -303,10 +280,10 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
        seq_per_batch_ ? kDoAssignOrder : kDontAssignOrder;
    // Otherwise it is WAL-only Prepare batches in WriteCommitted policy and
    // they don't consume sequence.
-    return WriteImplWALOnly(
-        &nonmem_write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-        log_used, log_ref, seq_used, batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
-        assign_order, kDontPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
+    return WriteImplWALOnly(&nonmem_write_thread_, write_options, my_batch,
+                            callback, log_used, log_ref, seq_used, batch_cnt,
+                            pre_release_callback, assign_order,
+                            kDontPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
  }

  if (immutable_db_options_.unordered_write) {
@@ -318,9 +295,9 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    // Use a write thread to i) optimize for WAL write, ii) publish last
    // sequence in in increasing order, iii) call pre_release_callback serially
    Status status = WriteImplWALOnly(
-        &write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-        log_used, log_ref, &seq, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
-        kDoAssignOrder, kDoPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
+        &write_thread_, write_options, my_batch, callback, log_used, log_ref,
+        &seq, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback, kDoAssignOrder,
+        kDoPublishLastSeq, disable_memtable);
    TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImpl::WriteImpl:UnorderedWriteAfterWriteWAL");
    if (!status.ok()) {
      return status;
@@ -337,20 +314,17 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
  }

  if (immutable_db_options_.enable_pipelined_write) {
-    return PipelinedWriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                              log_used, log_ref, disable_memtable, seq_used);
+    return PipelinedWriteImpl(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_used,
+                              log_ref, disable_memtable, seq_used);
  }

  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, batch_cnt,
-                        pre_release_callback, post_memtable_callback);
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, batch_cnt, pre_release_callback,
+                        post_memtable_callback);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

  write_thread_.JoinBatchGroup(&w);
-  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER) {
-    write_thread_.SetMemWritersEachStride(&w);
-  }
  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER) {
    // we are a non-leader in a parallel group

@@ -556,35 +530,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    const SequenceNumber current_sequence = last_sequence + 1;
    last_sequence += seq_inc;

-    if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
-      VersionEdit synced_wals;
-      log_write_mutex_.Lock();
-      if (status.ok()) {
-        MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
-                       &synced_wals);
-      } else {
-        MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
-      }
-      log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
-      if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
-        InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
-        // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
-        const ReadOptions read_options;
-        status = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
-      }
-
-      // Requesting sync with two_write_queues_ is expected to be very rare. We
-      // hence provide a simple implementation that is not necessarily
-      // efficient.
-      if (status.ok() && two_write_queues_) {
-        if (manual_wal_flush_) {
-          status = FlushWAL(true);
-        } else {
-          status = SyncWAL();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
    // PreReleaseCallback is called after WAL write and before memtable write
    if (status.ok()) {
      SequenceNumber next_sequence = current_sequence;
@@ -656,7 +601,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

  if (!io_s.ok()) {
    // Check WriteToWAL status
-    WALIOStatusCheck(io_s);
+    IOStatusCheck(io_s);
  }
  if (!w.CallbackFailed()) {
    if (!io_s.ok()) {
@@ -668,6 +613,34 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    assert(pre_release_cb_status.ok());
  }

+  if (log_context.need_log_sync) {
+    VersionEdit synced_wals;
+    log_write_mutex_.Lock();
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      MarkLogsSynced(logfile_number_, log_context.need_log_dir_sync,
+                     &synced_wals);
+    } else {
+      MarkLogsNotSynced(logfile_number_);
+    }
+    log_write_mutex_.Unlock();
+    if (status.ok() && synced_wals.IsWalAddition()) {
+      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&mutex_);
+      // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
+      const ReadOptions read_options;
+      status = ApplyWALToManifest(read_options, write_options, &synced_wals);
+    }
+
+    // Requesting sync with two_write_queues_ is expected to be very rare. We
+    // hence provide a simple implementation that is not necessarily efficient.
+    if (two_write_queues_) {
+      if (manual_wal_flush_) {
+        status = FlushWAL(true);
+      } else {
+        status = SyncWAL();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
  bool should_exit_batch_group = true;
  if (in_parallel_group) {
    // CompleteParallelWorker returns true if this thread should
@@ -687,7 +660,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
        }
      }
      // Note: if we are to resume after non-OK statuses we need to revisit how
-      // we react to non-OK statuses here.
+      // we reacts to non-OK statuses here.
      versions_->SetLastSequence(last_sequence);
    }
    MemTableInsertStatusCheck(w.status);
@@ -702,7 +675,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

 Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
                                  WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-                                  UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb,
                                  uint64_t* log_used, uint64_t log_ref,
                                  bool disable_memtable, uint64_t* seq_used) {
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
@@ -710,8 +682,8 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

  WriteContext write_context;

-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, /*_batch_cnt=*/0,
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, /*_batch_cnt=*/0,
                        /*_pre_release_callback=*/nullptr);
  write_thread_.JoinBatchGroup(&w);
  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBImplWrite::PipelinedWriteImpl:AfterJoinBatchGroup");
@@ -735,6 +707,17 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    size_t total_byte_size = 0;

    if (w.status.ok()) {
+      // TODO: this use of operator bool on `tracer_` can avoid unnecessary lock
+      // grabs but does not seem thread-safe.
+      if (tracer_) {
+        InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&trace_mutex_);
+        if (tracer_ != nullptr && tracer_->IsWriteOrderPreserved()) {
+          for (auto* writer : wal_write_group) {
+            // TODO: maybe handle the tracing status?
+            tracer_->Write(writer->batch).PermitUncheckedError();
+          }
+        }
+      }
      SequenceNumber next_sequence = current_sequence;
      for (auto* writer : wal_write_group) {
        assert(writer);
@@ -749,22 +732,6 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
          }
        }
      }
-      // TODO: this use of operator bool on `tracer_` can avoid unnecessary lock
-      // grabs but does not seem thread-safe.
-      if (tracer_) {
-        InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&trace_mutex_);
-        if (tracer_ != nullptr && tracer_->IsWriteOrderPreserved()) {
-          for (auto* writer : wal_write_group) {
-            if (writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-              // When optimisitc txn conflict checking fails, we should
-              // not record to trace.
-              continue;
-            }
-            // TODO: maybe handle the tracing status?
-            tracer_->Write(writer->batch).PermitUncheckedError();
-          }
-        }
-      }
      if (w.disable_wal) {
        has_unpersisted_data_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
      }
@@ -804,7 +771,7 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,

    if (!io_s.ok()) {
      // Check WriteToWAL status
-      WALIOStatusCheck(io_s);
+      IOStatusCheck(io_s);
    } else if (!w.CallbackFailed()) {
      WriteStatusCheck(w.status);
    }
@@ -855,9 +822,7 @@ Status DBImpl::PipelinedWriteImpl(const WriteOptions& write_options,
    // so we need to set its status to pass ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED
    memtable_write_group.status.PermitUncheckedError();
  }
-  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_CALLER) {
-    write_thread_.SetMemWritersEachStride(&w);
-  }
+
  if (w.state == WriteThread::STATE_PARALLEL_MEMTABLE_WRITER) {
    PERF_TIMER_STOP(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
    PERF_TIMER_FOR_WAIT_GUARD(write_memtable_time);
@@ -897,8 +862,7 @@ Status DBImpl::UnorderedWriteMemtable(const WriteOptions& write_options,
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback,
-                        /*user_write_cb=*/nullptr, log_ref,
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
                        false /*disable_memtable*/);

  if (w.CheckCallback(this) && w.ShouldWriteToMemtable()) {
@@ -948,15 +912,13 @@ Status DBImpl::UnorderedWriteMemtable(const WriteOptions& write_options,
 // applicable in a two-queue setting.
 Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
    WriteThread* write_thread, const WriteOptions& write_options,
-    WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback,
-    UserWriteCallback* user_write_cb, uint64_t* log_used,
+    WriteBatch* my_batch, WriteCallback* callback, uint64_t* log_used,
    const uint64_t log_ref, uint64_t* seq_used, const size_t sub_batch_cnt,
    PreReleaseCallback* pre_release_callback, const AssignOrder assign_order,
    const PublishLastSeq publish_last_seq, const bool disable_memtable) {
  PERF_TIMER_GUARD(write_pre_and_post_process_time);
-  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, user_write_cb,
-                        log_ref, disable_memtable, sub_batch_cnt,
-                        pre_release_callback);
+  WriteThread::Writer w(write_options, my_batch, callback, log_ref,
+                        disable_memtable, sub_batch_cnt, pre_release_callback);
  StopWatch write_sw(immutable_db_options_.clock, stats_, DB_WRITE);

  write_thread->JoinBatchGroup(&w);
@@ -974,17 +936,21 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
  assert(w.state == WriteThread::STATE_GROUP_LEADER);

  if (publish_last_seq == kDoPublishLastSeq) {
+    Status status;
+
    // Currently we only use kDoPublishLastSeq in unordered_write
    assert(immutable_db_options_.unordered_write);
-
+    WriteContext write_context;
+    if (error_handler_.IsDBStopped()) {
+      status = error_handler_.GetBGError();
+    }
    // TODO(myabandeh): Make preliminary checks thread-safe so we could do them
    // without paying the cost of obtaining the mutex.
-    LogContext log_context;
-    WriteContext write_context;
-    Status status =
-        PreprocessWrite(write_options, &log_context, &write_context);
-    WriteStatusCheckOnLocked(status);
-
+    if (status.ok()) {
+      LogContext log_context;
+      status = PreprocessWrite(write_options, &log_context, &write_context);
+      WriteStatusCheckOnLocked(status);
+    }
    if (!status.ok()) {
      WriteThread::WriteGroup write_group;
      write_thread->EnterAsBatchGroupLeader(&w, &write_group);
@@ -1010,6 +976,19 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
  WriteThread::WriteGroup write_group;
  uint64_t last_sequence;
  write_thread->EnterAsBatchGroupLeader(&w, &write_group);
+  // Note: no need to update last_batch_group_size_ here since the batch writes
+  // to WAL only
+  // TODO: this use of operator bool on `tracer_` can avoid unnecessary lock
+  // grabs but does not seem thread-safe.
+  if (tracer_) {
+    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&trace_mutex_);
+    if (tracer_ != nullptr && tracer_->IsWriteOrderPreserved()) {
+      for (auto* writer : write_group) {
+        // TODO: maybe handle the tracing status?
+        tracer_->Write(writer->batch).PermitUncheckedError();
+      }
+    }
+  }

  size_t pre_release_callback_cnt = 0;
  size_t total_byte_size = 0;
@@ -1024,23 +1003,6 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
    }
  }

-  // Note: no need to update last_batch_group_size_ here since the batch writes
-  // to WAL only
-  // TODO: this use of operator bool on `tracer_` can avoid unnecessary lock
-  // grabs but does not seem thread-safe.
-  if (tracer_) {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock lock(&trace_mutex_);
-    if (tracer_ != nullptr && tracer_->IsWriteOrderPreserved()) {
-      for (auto* writer : write_group) {
-        if (writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        // TODO: maybe handle the tracing status?
-        tracer_->Write(writer->batch).PermitUncheckedError();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
  const bool concurrent_update = true;
  // Update stats while we are an exclusive group leader, so we know
  // that nobody else can be writing to these particular stats.
@@ -1086,7 +1048,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteImplWALOnly(
    // This error checking and return is moved up to avoid using uninitialized
    // last_sequence.
    if (!io_s.ok()) {
-      WALIOStatusCheck(io_s);
+      IOStatusCheck(io_s);
      write_thread->ExitAsBatchGroupLeader(write_group, status);
      return status;
    }
@@ -1184,7 +1146,7 @@ void DBImpl::WriteStatusCheck(const Status& status) {
  }
 }

-void DBImpl::WALIOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& io_status) {
+void DBImpl::IOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& io_status) {
  // Is setting bg_error_ enough here?  This will at least stop
  // compaction and fail any further writes.
  if ((immutable_db_options_.paranoid_checks && !io_status.ok() &&
@@ -1192,8 +1154,7 @@ void DBImpl::WALIOStatusCheck(const IOStatus& io_status) {
      io_status.IsIOFenced()) {
    mutex_.Lock();
    // Maybe change the return status to void?
-    error_handler_.SetBGError(io_status, BackgroundErrorReason::kWriteCallback,
-                              /*wal_related=*/true);
+    error_handler_.SetBGError(io_status, BackgroundErrorReason::kWriteCallback);
    mutex_.Unlock();
  } else {
    // Force writable file to be continue writable.
@@ -1211,7 +1172,8 @@ void DBImpl::MemTableInsertStatusCheck(const Status& status) {
    mutex_.Lock();
    assert(!error_handler_.IsBGWorkStopped());
    // Maybe change the return status to void?
-    error_handler_.SetBGError(status, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable);
+    error_handler_.SetBGError(status, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable)
+        .PermitUncheckedError();
    mutex_.Unlock();
  }
 }
@@ -1417,7 +1379,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::WriteToWAL(const WriteBatch& merged_batch,
  total_log_size_ += log_entry.size();
  log_file_number_size.AddSize(*log_size);
  log_empty_ = false;
-
  return io_s;
 }

@@ -1490,14 +1451,9 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::WriteToWAL(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
        if (!io_s.ok()) {
          break;
        }
-        // If last sync failed on a later WAL, this could be a fully synced
-        // and closed WAL that just needs to be recorded as synced in the
-        // manifest.
-        if (auto* f = log.writer->file()) {
-          io_s = f->Sync(opts, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
-          if (!io_s.ok()) {
-            break;
-          }
+        io_s = log.writer->file()->Sync(opts, immutable_db_options_.use_fsync);
+        if (!io_s.ok()) {
+          break;
        }
      }
    }
@@ -1529,11 +1485,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::WriteToWAL(const WriteThread::WriteGroup& write_group,
    RecordTick(stats_, WAL_FILE_BYTES, log_size);
    stats->AddDBStats(InternalStats::kIntStatsWriteWithWal, write_with_wal);
    RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_WITH_WAL, write_with_wal);
-    for (auto* writer : write_group) {
-      if (!writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-        writer->CheckPostWalWriteCallback();
-      }
-    }
  }
  return io_s;
 }
@@ -1598,11 +1549,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::ConcurrentWriteToWAL(
    stats->AddDBStats(InternalStats::kIntStatsWriteWithWal, write_with_wal,
                      concurrent);
    RecordTick(stats_, WRITE_WITH_WAL, write_with_wal);
-    for (auto* writer : write_group) {
-      if (!writer->CallbackFailed()) {
-        writer->CheckPostWalWriteCallback();
-      }
-    }
  }
  return io_s;
 }
@@ -1610,8 +1556,6 @@ IOStatus DBImpl::ConcurrentWriteToWAL(
 Status DBImpl::WriteRecoverableState() {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  if (!cached_recoverable_state_empty_) {
-    // Only for write-prepared and write-unprepared.
-    assert(seq_per_batch_);
    bool dont_care_bool;
    SequenceNumber next_seq;
    if (two_write_queues_) {
@@ -1664,8 +1608,7 @@ Status DBImpl::WriteRecoverableState() {

 void DBImpl::SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(
    autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>* selected_cfds,
-    const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds,
-    FlushReason flush_reason) {
+    const autovector<ColumnFamilyData*>& provided_candidate_cfds) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
  assert(selected_cfds);

@@ -1688,8 +1631,7 @@ void DBImpl::SelectColumnFamiliesForAtomicFlush(
      continue;
    }
    if (cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed() != 0 || !cfd->mem()->IsEmpty() ||
-        !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load() ||
-        IsRecoveryFlush(flush_reason)) {
+        !cached_recoverable_state_empty_.load()) {
      selected_cfds->push_back(cfd);
    }
  }
@@ -1801,13 +1743,13 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchWAL(WriteContext* write_context) {
      if (!immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
        FlushRequest flush_req;
        GenerateFlushRequest({cfd}, FlushReason::kWalFull, &flush_req);
-        EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+        SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
      }
    }
    if (immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
      FlushRequest flush_req;
      GenerateFlushRequest(cfds, FlushReason::kWalFull, &flush_req);
-      EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    }
    MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
  }
@@ -1893,13 +1835,13 @@ Status DBImpl::HandleWriteBufferManagerFlush(WriteContext* write_context) {
        FlushRequest flush_req;
        GenerateFlushRequest({cfd}, FlushReason::kWriteBufferManager,
                             &flush_req);
-        EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+        SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
      }
    }
    if (immutable_db_options_.atomic_flush) {
      FlushRequest flush_req;
      GenerateFlushRequest(cfds, FlushReason::kWriteBufferManager, &flush_req);
-      EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    }
    MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
  }
@@ -2175,12 +2117,12 @@ Status DBImpl::ScheduleFlushes(WriteContext* context) {
      AssignAtomicFlushSeq(cfds);
      FlushRequest flush_req;
      GenerateFlushRequest(cfds, FlushReason::kWriteBufferFull, &flush_req);
-      EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+      SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
    } else {
      for (auto* cfd : cfds) {
        FlushRequest flush_req;
        GenerateFlushRequest({cfd}, FlushReason::kWriteBufferFull, &flush_req);
-        EnqueuePendingFlush(flush_req);
+        SchedulePendingFlush(flush_req);
      }
    }
    MaybeScheduleFlushOrCompaction();
@@ -2210,8 +2152,6 @@ void DBImpl::NotifyOnMemTableSealed(ColumnFamilyData* /*cfd*/,
 // two_write_queues_ is true (This is to simplify the reasoning.)
 Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
  mutex_.AssertHeld();
-  assert(lock_wal_count_ == 0);
-
  // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
  const ReadOptions read_options;
  const WriteOptions write_options;
@@ -2253,13 +2193,8 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
  memtable_info.cf_name = cfd->GetName();
  memtable_info.first_seqno = cfd->mem()->GetFirstSequenceNumber();
  memtable_info.earliest_seqno = cfd->mem()->GetEarliestSequenceNumber();
-  memtable_info.num_entries = cfd->mem()->NumEntries();
-  memtable_info.num_deletes = cfd->mem()->NumDeletion();
-  if (!cfd->ioptions()->persist_user_defined_timestamps &&
-      cfd->user_comparator()->timestamp_size() > 0) {
-    const Slice& newest_udt = cfd->mem()->GetNewestUDT();
-    memtable_info.newest_udt.assign(newest_udt.data(), newest_udt.size());
-  }
+  memtable_info.num_entries = cfd->mem()->num_entries();
+  memtable_info.num_deletes = cfd->mem()->num_deletes();
  // Log this later after lock release. It may be outdated, e.g., if background
  // flush happens before logging, but that should be ok.
  int num_imm_unflushed = cfd->imm()->NumNotFlushed();
@@ -2279,15 +2214,14 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
    SequenceNumber seq = versions_->LastSequence();
    new_mem = cfd->ConstructNewMemtable(mutable_cf_options, seq);
    context->superversion_context.NewSuperVersion();
-
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
-                   "[%s] New memtable created with log file: #%" PRIu64
-                   ". Immutable memtables: %d.\n",
-                   cfd->GetName().c_str(), new_log_number, num_imm_unflushed);
-    // There should be no concurrent write as the thread is at the front of
-    // writer queue
-    cfd->mem()->ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();
  }
+  ROCKS_LOG_INFO(immutable_db_options_.info_log,
+                 "[%s] New memtable created with log file: #%" PRIu64
+                 ". Immutable memtables: %d.\n",
+                 cfd->GetName().c_str(), new_log_number, num_imm_unflushed);
+  // There should be no concurrent write as the thread is at the front of
+  // writer queue
+  cfd->mem()->ConstructFragmentedRangeTombstones();

  mutex_.Lock();
  if (recycle_log_number != 0) {
@@ -2338,8 +2272,7 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
    // We may have lost data from the WritableFileBuffer in-memory buffer for
    // the current log, so treat it as a fatal error and set bg_error
    if (!io_s.ok()) {
-      error_handler_.SetBGError(io_s, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable,
-                                /*wal_related=*/true);
+      error_handler_.SetBGError(io_s, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable);
    } else {
      error_handler_.SetBGError(s, BackgroundErrorReason::kMemTable);
    }
@@ -2380,8 +2313,8 @@ Status DBImpl::SwitchMemtable(ColumnFamilyData* cfd, WriteContext* context) {
          read_options, write_options, &wal_deletion, &mutex_,
          directories_.GetDbDir());
      if (!s.ok() && versions_->io_status().IsIOError()) {
-        error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
-                                  BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
+        s = error_handler_.SetBGError(versions_->io_status(),
+                                      BackgroundErrorReason::kManifestWrite);
      }
      if (!s.ok()) {
        return s;
@@ -21,20 +21,17 @@ class CorruptionFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
  int num_writable_file_errors_;

  explicit CorruptionFS(const std::shared_ptr<FileSystem>& _target,
-                        bool fs_buffer, bool verify_read)
+                        bool fs_buffer)
      : FileSystemWrapper(_target),
        writable_file_error_(false),
        num_writable_file_errors_(0),
        corruption_trigger_(INT_MAX),
        read_count_(0),
-        corrupt_offset_(0),
-        corrupt_len_(0),
        rnd_(300),
-        fs_buffer_(fs_buffer),
-        verify_read_(verify_read) {}
+        fs_buffer_(fs_buffer) {}
  ~CorruptionFS() override {
    // Assert that the corruption was reset, which means it got triggered
-    assert(corruption_trigger_ == INT_MAX || corrupt_len_ > 0);
+    assert(corruption_trigger_ == INT_MAX);
  }
  const char* Name() const override { return "ErrorEnv"; }

@@ -50,10 +47,8 @@ class CorruptionFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
  }

  void SetCorruptionTrigger(const int trigger) {
-    MutexLock l(&mutex_);
    corruption_trigger_ = trigger;
    read_count_ = 0;
-    corrupt_fname_.clear();
  }

  IOStatus NewRandomAccessFile(const std::string& fname,
@@ -62,31 +57,25 @@ class CorruptionFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
                               IODebugContext* dbg) override {
    class CorruptionRandomAccessFile : public FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper {
     public:
-      CorruptionRandomAccessFile(CorruptionFS& fs, const std::string& fname,
+      CorruptionRandomAccessFile(CorruptionFS& fs,
                                 std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile>& file)
-          : FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper(std::move(file)),
-            fs_(fs),
-            fname_(fname) {}
+          : FSRandomAccessFileOwnerWrapper(std::move(file)), fs_(fs) {}

      IOStatus Read(uint64_t offset, size_t len, const IOOptions& opts,
                    Slice* result, char* scratch,
                    IODebugContext* dbg) const override {
        IOStatus s = target()->Read(offset, len, opts, result, scratch, dbg);
        if (opts.verify_and_reconstruct_read) {
-          fs_.MaybeResetOverlapWithCorruptedChunk(fname_, offset,
-                                                  result->size());
          return s;
        }
-
-        MutexLock l(&fs_.mutex_);
        if (s.ok() && ++fs_.read_count_ >= fs_.corruption_trigger_) {
+          fs_.read_count_ = 0;
          fs_.corruption_trigger_ = INT_MAX;
          char* data = const_cast<char*>(result->data());
          std::memcpy(
              data,
              fs_.rnd_.RandomString(static_cast<int>(result->size())).c_str(),
              result->size());
-          fs_.SetCorruptedChunk(fname_, offset, result->size());
        }
        return s;
      }
@@ -111,124 +100,31 @@ class CorruptionFS : public FileSystemWrapper {
        return IOStatus::OK();
      }

-      IOStatus Prefetch(uint64_t /*offset*/, size_t /*n*/,
-                        const IOOptions& /*options*/,
-                        IODebugContext* /*dbg*/) override {
-        return IOStatus::NotSupported("Prefetch");
-      }
-
     private:
      CorruptionFS& fs_;
-      std::string fname_;
    };

    std::unique_ptr<FSRandomAccessFile> file;
    IOStatus s = target()->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, opts, &file, dbg);
    EXPECT_OK(s);
-    result->reset(new CorruptionRandomAccessFile(*this, fname, file));
-
-    return s;
-  }
-
-  IOStatus NewSequentialFile(const std::string& fname,
-                             const FileOptions& file_opts,
-                             std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile>* result,
-                             IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-    class CorruptionSequentialFile : public FSSequentialFileOwnerWrapper {
-     public:
-      CorruptionSequentialFile(CorruptionFS& fs, const std::string& fname,
-                               std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile>& file)
-          : FSSequentialFileOwnerWrapper(std::move(file)),
-            fs_(fs),
-            fname_(fname),
-            offset_(0) {}
-
-      IOStatus Read(size_t len, const IOOptions& opts, Slice* result,
-                    char* scratch, IODebugContext* dbg) override {
-        IOStatus s = target()->Read(len, opts, result, scratch, dbg);
-        if (result->size() == 0 ||
-            fname_.find("IDENTITY") != std::string::npos) {
-          return s;
-        }
-
-        if (opts.verify_and_reconstruct_read) {
-          fs_.MaybeResetOverlapWithCorruptedChunk(fname_, offset_,
-                                                  result->size());
-          return s;
-        }
-
-        MutexLock l(&fs_.mutex_);
-        if (s.ok() && ++fs_.read_count_ >= fs_.corruption_trigger_) {
-          fs_.corruption_trigger_ = INT_MAX;
-          char* data = const_cast<char*>(result->data());
-          std::memcpy(
-              data,
-              fs_.rnd_.RandomString(static_cast<int>(result->size())).c_str(),
-              result->size());
-          fs_.SetCorruptedChunk(fname_, offset_, result->size());
-        }
-        offset_ += result->size();
-        return s;
-      }
-
-     private:
-      CorruptionFS& fs_;
-      std::string fname_;
-      size_t offset_;
-    };
-
-    std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file;
-    IOStatus s = target()->NewSequentialFile(fname, file_opts, &file, dbg);
-    EXPECT_OK(s);
-    result->reset(new CorruptionSequentialFile(*this, fname, file));
+    result->reset(new CorruptionRandomAccessFile(*this, file));

    return s;
  }

  void SupportedOps(int64_t& supported_ops) override {
-    supported_ops = 1 << FSSupportedOps::kAsyncIO;
+    supported_ops = 1 << FSSupportedOps::kVerifyAndReconstructRead |
+                    1 << FSSupportedOps::kAsyncIO;
    if (fs_buffer_) {
      supported_ops |= 1 << FSSupportedOps::kFSBuffer;
    }
-    if (verify_read_) {
-      supported_ops |= 1 << FSSupportedOps::kVerifyAndReconstructRead;
-    }
  }

-  void SetCorruptedChunk(const std::string& fname, size_t offset, size_t len) {
-    assert(corrupt_fname_.empty());
-
-    corrupt_fname_ = fname;
-    corrupt_offset_ = offset;
-    corrupt_len_ = len;
-  }
-
-  void MaybeResetOverlapWithCorruptedChunk(const std::string& fname,
-                                           size_t offset, size_t len) {
-    if (fname == corrupt_fname_ &&
-        ((offset <= corrupt_offset_ && (offset + len) > corrupt_offset_) ||
-         (offset >= corrupt_offset_ &&
-          offset < (corrupt_offset_ + corrupt_len_)))) {
-      corrupt_fname_.clear();
-    }
-  }
-
-  bool VerifyRetry() { return corrupt_len_ > 0 && corrupt_fname_.empty(); }
-
-  int read_count() { return read_count_; }
-
-  int corruption_trigger() { return corruption_trigger_; }
-
 private:
  int corruption_trigger_;
  int read_count_;
-  std::string corrupt_fname_;
-  size_t corrupt_offset_;
-  size_t corrupt_len_;
  Random rnd_;
  bool fs_buffer_;
-  bool verify_read_;
-  port::Mutex mutex_;
 };
 }  // anonymous namespace

@@ -800,26 +696,23 @@ TEST_F(DBIOFailureTest, CompactionSstSyncError) {

 class DBIOCorruptionTest
    : public DBIOFailureTest,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool, bool>> {
+      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
 public:
  DBIOCorruptionTest() : DBIOFailureTest() {
    BlockBasedTableOptions bbto;
-    options_ = CurrentOptions();
-    options_.statistics = CreateDBStatistics();
+    Options options = CurrentOptions();

    base_env_ = env_;
    EXPECT_NE(base_env_, nullptr);
-    fs_.reset(new CorruptionFS(base_env_->GetFileSystem(),
-                               std::get<0>(GetParam()),
-                               std::get<2>(GetParam())));
+    fs_.reset(
+        new CorruptionFS(base_env_->GetFileSystem(), std::get<0>(GetParam())));
    env_guard_ = NewCompositeEnv(fs_);
-    options_.env = env_guard_.get();
+    options.env = env_guard_.get();
    bbto.num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead = 0;
-    options_.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
-    options_.disable_auto_compactions = true;
-    options_.max_file_opening_threads = 0;
+    options.table_factory.reset(NewBlockBasedTableFactory(bbto));
+    options.disable_auto_compactions = true;

-    Reopen(options_);
+    Reopen(options);
  }

  ~DBIOCorruptionTest() {
@@ -827,15 +720,10 @@ class DBIOCorruptionTest
    db_ = nullptr;
  }

-  Status ReopenDB() { return TryReopen(options_); }
-
-  Statistics* stats() { return options_.statistics.get(); }
-
 protected:
  std::unique_ptr<Env> env_guard_;
  std::shared_ptr<CorruptionFS> fs_;
  Env* base_env_;
-  Options options_;
 };

 TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, GetReadCorruptionRetry) {
@@ -849,17 +737,8 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, GetReadCorruptionRetry) {
  std::string val;
  ReadOptions ro;
  ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-  Status s = dbfull()->Get(ReadOptions(), "key1", &val);
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ReadOptions(), "key1", &val));
+  ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
 }

 TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, IterReadCorruptionRetry) {
@@ -879,15 +758,7 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, IterReadCorruptionRetry) {
  while (iter->status().ok() && iter->Valid()) {
    iter->Next();
  }
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(iter->status().IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
+  ASSERT_OK(iter->status());
  delete iter;
 }

@@ -908,17 +779,8 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, MultiGetReadCorruptionRetry) {
  ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  dbfull()->MultiGet(ro, dbfull()->DefaultColumnFamily(), keys.size(),
                     keys.data(), values.data(), statuses.data());
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(values[0].ToString(), "val1");
-    ASSERT_EQ(values[1].ToString(), "val2");
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[0].IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(statuses[1].IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[0].ToString(), "val1");
+  ASSERT_EQ(values[1].ToString(), "val2");
 }

 TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, CompactionReadCorruptionRetry) {
@@ -931,22 +793,13 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, CompactionReadCorruptionRetry) {
  ASSERT_OK(Put("key2", "val2"));
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
  fs->SetCorruptionTrigger(1);
-  Status s = dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));

-    std::string val;
-    ReadOptions ro;
-    ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
-    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsCorruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
+  std::string val;
+  ReadOptions ro;
+  ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
+  ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
 }

 TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, FlushReadCorruptionRetry) {
@@ -955,178 +808,17 @@ TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, FlushReadCorruptionRetry) {

  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
  fs->SetCorruptionTrigger(1);
-  Status s = Flush();
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_GT(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_GT(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-
-    std::string val;
-    ReadOptions ro;
-    ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
-    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, ManifestCorruptionRetry) {
-  CorruptionFS* fs =
-      static_cast<CorruptionFS*>(env_guard_->GetFileSystem().get());
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "VersionSet::Recover:StartManifestRead",
-      [&](void* /*arg*/) { fs->SetCorruptionTrigger(0); });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(ReopenDB());
-    ASSERT_GT(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_GT(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_EQ(ReopenDB(), Status::Corruption());
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
+  std::string val;
+  ReadOptions ro;
+  ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
+  ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
 }

-TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, FooterReadCorruptionRetry) {
-  Random rnd(300);
-  bool retry = false;
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "ReadFooterFromFileInternal:0", [&](void* arg) {
-        Slice* data = static_cast<Slice*>(arg);
-        if (!retry) {
-          std::memcpy(const_cast<char*>(data->data()),
-                      rnd.RandomString(static_cast<int>(data->size())).c_str(),
-                      data->size());
-          retry = true;
-        }
-      });
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
-  Status s = Flush();
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-
-    std::string val;
-    ReadOptions ro;
-    ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
-    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-    ASSERT_GT(stats()->getTickerCount(SST_FOOTER_CORRUPTION_COUNT), 0);
-  }
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-}
-
-TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, TablePropertiesCorruptionRetry) {
-  Random rnd(300);
-  bool retry = false;
-
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "ReadTablePropertiesHelper:0", [&](void* arg) {
-        Slice* data = static_cast<Slice*>(arg);
-        if (!retry) {
-          std::memcpy(const_cast<char*>(data->data()),
-                      rnd.RandomString(static_cast<int>(data->size())).c_str(),
-                      data->size());
-          retry = true;
-        }
-      });
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
-  Status s = Flush();
-  if (std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    ASSERT_OK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_SUCCESS_COUNT),
-              1);
-
-    std::string val;
-    ReadOptions ro;
-    ro.async_io = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Get(ro, "key1", &val));
-    ASSERT_EQ(val, "val1");
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_NOK(s);
-    ASSERT_EQ(stats()->getTickerCount(FILE_READ_CORRUPTION_RETRY_COUNT), 0);
-  }
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
-  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
-}
-
-TEST_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, DBOpenReadCorruptionRetry) {
-  if (!std::get<2>(GetParam())) {
-    return;
-  }
-  CorruptionFS* fs =
-      static_cast<CorruptionFS*>(env_guard_->GetFileSystem().get());
-
-  for (int sst = 0; sst < 3; ++sst) {
-    for (int key = 0; key < 100; ++key) {
-      std::stringstream ss;
-      ss << std::setw(3) << 100 * sst + key;
-      ASSERT_OK(Put("key" + ss.str(), "val" + ss.str()));
-    }
-    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
-  }
-  Close();
-
-  // DB open will create table readers unless we reduce the table cache
-  // capacity.
-  // SanitizeOptions will set max_open_files to minimum of 20. Table cache
-  // is allocated with max_open_files - 10 as capacity. So override
-  // max_open_files to 11 so table cache capacity will become 1. This will
-  // prevent file open during DB open and force the file to be opened
-  // during MultiGet
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
-      "SanitizeOptions::AfterChangeMaxOpenFiles", [&](void* arg) {
-        int* max_open_files = (int*)arg;
-        *max_open_files = 11;
-      });
-  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
-
-  // Progressively increase the IO count trigger for corruption, and verify
-  // that it was retried
-  int corruption_trigger = 1;
-  fs->SetCorruptionTrigger(corruption_trigger);
-  do {
-    fs->SetCorruptionTrigger(corruption_trigger);
-    ASSERT_OK(ReopenDB());
-    for (int sst = 0; sst < 3; ++sst) {
-      for (int key = 0; key < 100; ++key) {
-        std::stringstream ss;
-        ss << std::setw(3) << 100 * sst + key;
-        ASSERT_EQ(Get("key" + ss.str()), "val" + ss.str());
-      }
-    }
-    // Verify that the injected corruption was repaired
-    ASSERT_TRUE(fs->VerifyRetry());
-    corruption_trigger++;
-  } while (fs->corruption_trigger() == INT_MAX);
-}
-
-// The parameters are - 1. Use FS provided buffer, 2. Use async IO ReadOption,
-// 3. Retry with verify_and_reconstruct_read IOOption
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DBIOCorruptionTest, DBIOCorruptionTest,
-                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool(),
-                                         testing::Bool()));
+                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@ DBIter::DBIter(Env* _env, const ReadOptions& read_options,
      user_comparator_(cmp),
      merge_operator_(ioptions.merge_operator.get()),
      iter_(iter),
-      blob_reader_(version, read_options.read_tier,
-                   read_options.verify_checksums, read_options.fill_cache,
-                   read_options.io_activity),
+      version_(version),
      read_callback_(read_callback),
      sequence_(s),
      statistics_(ioptions.stats),
@@ -67,16 +65,20 @@ DBIter::DBIter(Env* _env, const ReadOptions& read_options,
      valid_(false),
      current_entry_is_merged_(false),
      is_key_seqnum_zero_(false),
-      prefix_same_as_start_(
-          prefix_extractor_ ? read_options.prefix_same_as_start : false),
+      prefix_same_as_start_(mutable_cf_options.prefix_extractor
+                                ? read_options.prefix_same_as_start
+                                : false),
      pin_thru_lifetime_(read_options.pin_data),
      expect_total_order_inner_iter_(prefix_extractor_ == nullptr ||
                                     read_options.total_order_seek ||
                                     read_options.auto_prefix_mode),
+      read_tier_(read_options.read_tier),
+      fill_cache_(read_options.fill_cache),
+      verify_checksums_(read_options.verify_checksums),
      expose_blob_index_(expose_blob_index),
-      allow_unprepared_value_(read_options.allow_unprepared_value),
      is_blob_(false),
      arena_mode_(arena_mode),
+      io_activity_(read_options.io_activity),
      cfh_(cfh),
      timestamp_ub_(read_options.timestamp),
      timestamp_lb_(read_options.iter_start_ts),
@@ -91,9 +93,6 @@ DBIter::DBIter(Env* _env, const ReadOptions& read_options,
  status_.PermitUncheckedError();
  assert(timestamp_size_ ==
         user_comparator_.user_comparator()->timestamp_size());
-  // prefix_seek_opt_in_only should force total_order_seek whereever the caller
-  // is duplicating the original ReadOptions
-  assert(!ioptions.prefix_seek_opt_in_only || read_options.total_order_seek);
 }

 Status DBIter::GetProperty(std::string prop_name, std::string* prop) {
@@ -110,16 +109,6 @@ Status DBIter::GetProperty(std::string prop_name, std::string* prop) {
      *prop = "Iterator is not valid.";
    }
    return Status::OK();
-  } else if (prop_name == "rocksdb.iterator.is-value-pinned") {
-    if (valid_) {
-      *prop = (pin_thru_lifetime_ && iter_.Valid() &&
-               iter_.value().data() == value_.data())
-                  ? "1"
-                  : "0";
-    } else {
-      *prop = "Iterator is not valid.";
-    }
-    return Status::OK();
  } else if (prop_name == "rocksdb.iterator.internal-key") {
    *prop = saved_key_.GetUserKey().ToString();
    return Status::OK();
@@ -150,7 +139,7 @@ void DBIter::Next() {
  PERF_CPU_TIMER_GUARD(iter_next_cpu_nanos, clock_);
  // Release temporarily pinned blocks from last operation
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  local_stats_.skip_count_ += num_internal_keys_skipped_;
  local_stats_.skip_count_--;
@@ -193,21 +182,29 @@ void DBIter::Next() {
  }
 }

-Status DBIter::BlobReader::RetrieveAndSetBlobValue(const Slice& user_key,
-                                                   const Slice& blob_index) {
+bool DBIter::SetBlobValueIfNeeded(const Slice& user_key,
+                                  const Slice& blob_index) {
+  assert(!is_blob_);
  assert(blob_value_.empty());

+  if (expose_blob_index_) {  // Stacked BlobDB implementation
+    is_blob_ = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+
  if (!version_) {
-    return Status::Corruption("Encountered unexpected blob index.");
+    status_ = Status::Corruption("Encountered unexpected blob index.");
+    valid_ = false;
+    return false;
  }

  // TODO: consider moving ReadOptions from ArenaWrappedDBIter to DBIter to
  // avoid having to copy options back and forth.
-  // TODO: plumb Env::IOPriority
+  // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority
  ReadOptions read_options;
  read_options.read_tier = read_tier_;
-  read_options.verify_checksums = verify_checksums_;
  read_options.fill_cache = fill_cache_;
+  read_options.verify_checksums = verify_checksums_;
  read_options.io_activity = io_activity_;
  constexpr FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer = nullptr;
  constexpr uint64_t* bytes_read = nullptr;
@@ -215,49 +212,14 @@ Status DBIter::BlobReader::RetrieveAndSetBlobValue(const Slice& user_key,
  const Status s = version_->GetBlob(read_options, user_key, blob_index,
                                     prefetch_buffer, &blob_value_, bytes_read);

-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    return s;
-  }
-
-  return Status::OK();
-}
-
-bool DBIter::SetValueAndColumnsFromBlobImpl(const Slice& user_key,
-                                            const Slice& blob_index) {
-  const Status s = blob_reader_.RetrieveAndSetBlobValue(user_key, blob_index);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    status_ = s;
    valid_ = false;
-    is_blob_ = false;
    return false;
  }

-  SetValueAndColumnsFromPlain(blob_reader_.GetBlobValue());
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool DBIter::SetValueAndColumnsFromBlob(const Slice& user_key,
-                                        const Slice& blob_index) {
-  assert(!is_blob_);
  is_blob_ = true;
-
-  if (expose_blob_index_) {
-    SetValueAndColumnsFromPlain(blob_index);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  if (allow_unprepared_value_) {
-    assert(value_.empty());
-    assert(wide_columns_.empty());
-
-    assert(lazy_blob_index_.empty());
-    lazy_blob_index_ = blob_index;
-
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  return SetValueAndColumnsFromBlobImpl(user_key, blob_index);
+  return true;
 }

 bool DBIter::SetValueAndColumnsFromEntity(Slice slice) {
@@ -269,7 +231,6 @@ bool DBIter::SetValueAndColumnsFromEntity(Slice slice) {
  if (!s.ok()) {
    status_ = s;
    valid_ = false;
-    wide_columns_.clear();
    return false;
  }

@@ -305,24 +266,6 @@ bool DBIter::SetValueAndColumnsFromMergeResult(const Status& merge_status,
  return true;
 }

-bool DBIter::PrepareValue() {
-  assert(valid_);
-
-  if (lazy_blob_index_.empty()) {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  assert(allow_unprepared_value_);
-  assert(is_blob_);
-
-  const bool result =
-      SetValueAndColumnsFromBlobImpl(saved_key_.GetUserKey(), lazy_blob_index_);
-
-  lazy_blob_index_.clear();
-
-  return result;
-}
-
 // PRE: saved_key_ has the current user key if skipping_saved_key
 // POST: saved_key_ should have the next user key if valid_,
 //       if the current entry is a result of merge
@@ -452,7 +395,7 @@ bool DBIter::FindNextUserEntryInternal(bool skipping_saved_key,
          case kTypeValuePreferredSeqno:
          case kTypeBlobIndex:
          case kTypeWideColumnEntity:
-            if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+            if (!PrepareValue()) {
              return false;
            }
            if (timestamp_lb_) {
@@ -464,9 +407,12 @@ bool DBIter::FindNextUserEntryInternal(bool skipping_saved_key,
            }

            if (ikey_.type == kTypeBlobIndex) {
-              if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromBlob(ikey_.user_key, iter_.value())) {
+              if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(ikey_.user_key, iter_.value())) {
                return false;
              }
+
+              SetValueAndColumnsFromPlain(expose_blob_index_ ? iter_.value()
+                                                             : blob_value_);
            } else if (ikey_.type == kTypeWideColumnEntity) {
              if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromEntity(iter_.value())) {
                return false;
@@ -486,7 +432,7 @@ bool DBIter::FindNextUserEntryInternal(bool skipping_saved_key,
            return true;
            break;
          case kTypeMerge:
-            if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+            if (!PrepareValue()) {
              return false;
            }
            saved_key_.SetUserKey(
@@ -581,14 +527,6 @@ bool DBIter::FindNextUserEntryInternal(bool skipping_saved_key,
    } else {
      iter_.Next();
    }
-
-    // This could be a long-running operation due to tombstones, etc.
-    bool aborted = ROCKSDB_THREAD_YIELD_CHECK_ABORT();
-    if (aborted) {
-      valid_ = false;
-      status_ = Status::Aborted("Query abort.");
-      return false;
-    }
  } while (iter_.Valid());

  valid_ = false;
@@ -639,7 +577,7 @@ bool DBIter::MergeValuesNewToOld() {
      iter_.Next();
      break;
    }
-    if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+    if (!PrepareValue()) {
      return false;
    }

@@ -668,9 +606,23 @@ bool DBIter::MergeValuesNewToOld() {
          iter_.value(), iter_.iter()->IsValuePinned() /* operand_pinned */);
      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(internal_merge_count, 1);
    } else if (kTypeBlobIndex == ikey.type) {
-      if (!MergeWithBlobBaseValue(iter_.value(), ikey.user_key)) {
+      if (expose_blob_index_) {
+        status_ =
+            Status::NotSupported("BlobDB does not support merge operator.");
+        valid_ = false;
        return false;
      }
+      // hit a put, merge the put value with operands and store the
+      // final result in saved_value_. We are done!
+      if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(ikey.user_key, iter_.value())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      valid_ = true;
+      if (!MergeWithPlainBaseValue(blob_value_, ikey.user_key)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ResetBlobValue();

      // iter_ is positioned after put
      iter_.Next();
@@ -678,7 +630,6 @@ bool DBIter::MergeValuesNewToOld() {
        valid_ = false;
        return false;
      }
-
      return true;
    } else if (kTypeWideColumnEntity == ikey.type) {
      if (!MergeWithWideColumnBaseValue(iter_.value(), ikey.user_key)) {
@@ -725,7 +676,7 @@ void DBIter::Prev() {
  PERF_COUNTER_ADD(iter_prev_count, 1);
  PERF_CPU_TIMER_GUARD(iter_prev_cpu_nanos, clock_);
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  ResetInternalKeysSkippedCounter();
  bool ok = true;
@@ -962,7 +913,7 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKey() {
      return FindValueForCurrentKeyUsingSeek();
    }

-    if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+    if (!PrepareValue()) {
      return false;
    }

@@ -1077,9 +1028,21 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKey() {
        }
        return true;
      } else if (last_not_merge_type == kTypeBlobIndex) {
-        if (!MergeWithBlobBaseValue(pinned_value_, saved_key_.GetUserKey())) {
+        if (expose_blob_index_) {
+          status_ =
+              Status::NotSupported("BlobDB does not support merge operator.");
+          valid_ = false;
          return false;
        }
+        if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(saved_key_.GetUserKey(), pinned_value_)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        valid_ = true;
+        if (!MergeWithPlainBaseValue(blob_value_, saved_key_.GetUserKey())) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        ResetBlobValue();

        return true;
      } else if (last_not_merge_type == kTypeWideColumnEntity) {
@@ -1104,9 +1067,13 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKey() {

      break;
    case kTypeBlobIndex:
-      if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromBlob(saved_key_.GetUserKey(), pinned_value_)) {
+      if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(saved_key_.GetUserKey(), pinned_value_)) {
        return false;
      }
+
+      SetValueAndColumnsFromPlain(expose_blob_index_ ? pinned_value_
+                                                     : blob_value_);
+
      break;
    case kTypeWideColumnEntity:
      if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromEntity(pinned_value_)) {
@@ -1193,7 +1160,7 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKeyUsingSeek() {
    }
    return true;
  }
-  if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+  if (!PrepareValue()) {
    return false;
  }
  if (timestamp_size_ > 0) {
@@ -1210,9 +1177,12 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKeyUsingSeek() {
      pinned_value_ = iter_.value();
    }
    if (ikey.type == kTypeBlobIndex) {
-      if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromBlob(ikey.user_key, pinned_value_)) {
+      if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(ikey.user_key, pinned_value_)) {
        return false;
      }
+
+      SetValueAndColumnsFromPlain(expose_blob_index_ ? pinned_value_
+                                                     : blob_value_);
    } else if (ikey.type == kTypeWideColumnEntity) {
      if (!SetValueAndColumnsFromEntity(pinned_value_)) {
        return false;
@@ -1260,7 +1230,7 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKeyUsingSeek() {
        ikey.type == kTypeDeletionWithTimestamp) {
      break;
    }
-    if (!PrepareValueInternal()) {
+    if (!PrepareValue()) {
      return false;
    }

@@ -1278,9 +1248,21 @@ bool DBIter::FindValueForCurrentKeyUsingSeek() {
          iter_.value(), iter_.iter()->IsValuePinned() /* operand_pinned */);
      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(internal_merge_count, 1);
    } else if (ikey.type == kTypeBlobIndex) {
-      if (!MergeWithBlobBaseValue(iter_.value(), saved_key_.GetUserKey())) {
+      if (expose_blob_index_) {
+        status_ =
+            Status::NotSupported("BlobDB does not support merge operator.");
+        valid_ = false;
        return false;
      }
+      if (!SetBlobValueIfNeeded(ikey.user_key, iter_.value())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      valid_ = true;
+      if (!MergeWithPlainBaseValue(blob_value_, saved_key_.GetUserKey())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      ResetBlobValue();

      return true;
    } else if (ikey.type == kTypeWideColumnEntity) {
@@ -1347,35 +1329,6 @@ bool DBIter::MergeWithPlainBaseValue(const Slice& value,
  return SetValueAndColumnsFromMergeResult(s, result_type);
 }

-bool DBIter::MergeWithBlobBaseValue(const Slice& blob_index,
-                                    const Slice& user_key) {
-  assert(!is_blob_);
-
-  if (expose_blob_index_) {
-    status_ =
-        Status::NotSupported("Legacy BlobDB does not support merge operator.");
-    valid_ = false;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const Status s = blob_reader_.RetrieveAndSetBlobValue(user_key, blob_index);
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    status_ = s;
-    valid_ = false;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  valid_ = true;
-
-  if (!MergeWithPlainBaseValue(blob_reader_.GetBlobValue(), user_key)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  blob_reader_.ResetBlobValue();
-
-  return true;
-}
-
 bool DBIter::MergeWithWideColumnBaseValue(const Slice& entity,
                                          const Slice& user_key) {
  // `op_failure_scope` (an output parameter) is not provided (set to nullptr)
@@ -1565,7 +1518,7 @@ void DBIter::Seek(const Slice& target) {

  status_ = Status::OK();
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  ResetInternalKeysSkippedCounter();

@@ -1641,7 +1594,7 @@ void DBIter::SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) {

  status_ = Status::OK();
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  ResetInternalKeysSkippedCounter();

@@ -1702,7 +1655,7 @@ void DBIter::SeekToFirst() {
  status_.PermitUncheckedError();
  direction_ = kForward;
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  ResetInternalKeysSkippedCounter();
  ClearSavedValue();
@@ -1765,7 +1718,7 @@ void DBIter::SeekToLast() {
  status_.PermitUncheckedError();
  direction_ = kReverse;
  ReleaseTempPinnedData();
-  ResetBlobData();
+  ResetBlobValue();
  ResetValueAndColumns();
  ResetInternalKeysSkippedCounter();
  ClearSavedValue();
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Richard Barnes	87d4df1f07	Fix deprecated use of 0/NULL in internal_repo_rocksdb/repo/util/xxhash.h + 5 Summary: `nullptr` is typesafe. `0` and `NULL` are not. In the future, only `nullptr` will be allowed. This diff helps us embrace the future _now_ in service of enabling `-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant`. Reviewed By: dmm-fb Differential Revision: D55559752 fbshipit-source-id: 9f1edc836ded919022c4b53722f6f86208fecf8d	2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00
Richard Barnes	faae96da2e	Remove extra semi colon from icsp/lib/logging/IcspLogRpcMessage.cpp Summary: `-Wextra-semi` or `-Wextra-semi-stmt` If the code compiles, this is safe to land. Reviewed By: palmje Differential Revision: D55534619 fbshipit-source-id: 26f3c35a51b38a3cbfa12a6f76a2bb783a7b4d8e	2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00
Richard Barnes	165026074a	Remove extra semi colon from internal_repo_rocksdb/repo/util/coding_test.cc Summary: `-Wextra-semi` or `-Wextra-semi-stmt` If the code compiles, this is safe to land. Reviewed By: palmje Differential Revision: D55534622 fbshipit-source-id: dfff34924da6f2cdad34ed21f8f08a9bab9189a7	2024-04-24 15:20:02 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	6a060888aa	update version.h and HISTORY.md for 9.1.2	2024-04-24 12:45:33 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	d2ebdea566	Fix `DisableManualCompaction()` hang (#12578 ) Summary: Prior to this PR the following sequence could happen: 1. `RunManualCompaction()` A schedules compaction to thread pool and waits 2. `RunManualCompaction()` B waits without scheduling anything due to conflict 3. `DisableManualCompaction()` bumps `manual_compaction_paused_` and wakes up both 4. `RunManualCompaction()` A (`scheduled && !unscheduled`) unschedules its compaction and marks itself done 5. `RunManualCompaction()` B (`!scheduled && !unscheduled`) schedules compaction to thread pool 6. `RunManualCompaction()` B (`scheduled && !unscheduled`) waits on its compaction 7. `RunManualCompaction()` B at some point wakes up and finishes, either by unscheduling or by compaction execution 8. `DisableManualCompaction()` returns as there are no more manual compactions running Between 6. and 7. the wait can be long while the compaction sits in the thread pool queue. That wait is unnecessary. This PR changes the behavior from step 5. onward: 5'. `RunManualCompaction()` B (`!scheduled && !unscheduled`) marks itself done 6'. `DisableManualCompaction()` returns as there are no more manual compactions running Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12578 Reviewed By: cbi42 Differential Revision: D56528144 Pulled By: ajkr fbshipit-source-id: 4da2467376d7d4ff435547aa74dd8f118db0c03b	2024-04-24 12:45:00 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	6f7cabeac8	update version.h and HISTORY.md for 9.1.1	2024-04-22 11:35:44 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	adb9bf5179	Fix `max_successive_merges` counting CPU overhead regression (#12546 ) Summary: In https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12365 we made `max_successive_merges` non-strict by default. Before https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12365, `CountSuccessiveMergeEntries()`'s scan was implicitly limited to `max_successive_merges` entries for a given key, because after that the merge operator would be invoked and the merge chain would be collapsed. After https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12365, the merge chain will not be collapsed no matter how long it is when the chain's operands are not all in memory. Since `CountSuccessiveMergeEntries()` scanned the whole merge chain, https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12365 had a side effect that it would scan more memtable entries. This PR introduces a limit so it won't scan more entries than it could before. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12546 Reviewed By: jaykorean Differential Revision: D56193693 Pulled By: ajkr fbshipit-source-id: b070ba0703ef733e0ff230f89cd5cca5233b84da	2024-04-22 11:16:53 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	7dd5e91e39	12474 history entry	2024-04-22 11:16:05 -07:00
Radek Hubner	e94141d848	Fix exception on RocksDB.getColumnFamilyMetaData() (#12474 ) Summary: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/12466 reported a bug when `RocksDB.getColumnFamilyMetaData()` is called on an existing database(With files stored on disk). As neilramaswamy mentioned, this was caused by https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/issues/11770 where the signature of `SstFileMetaData` constructor was changed, but JNI code wasn't updated. This PR fix JNI code, and also properly populate `fileChecksum` on `SstFileMetaData`. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12474 Reviewed By: jowlyzhang Differential Revision: D55811808 Pulled By: ajkr fbshipit-source-id: 2ab156f41eaf4a4f30c49e6df421b61e8451230e	2024-04-22 11:05:24 -07:00
Andrew Kryczka	bcf88d48ce	Skip io_uring feature test when building with fbcode (#12525 ) Summary: Previously when building with fbcode and having a system install of liburing, it would link liburing from fbcode statically as well as the system library dynamically. That led to the following error: ``` ./db_stress: error while loading shared libraries: liburing.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ``` The fix is to skip the feature test for system liburing when `FBCODE_BUILD=true`. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12525 Test Plan: - `make clean && make ROCKSDB_NO_FBCODE=1 V=1 -j56 db_stress && ./db_stress` - `make clean && make V=1 -j56 db_stress && ./db_stress` Reviewed By: anand1976 Differential Revision: D55997335 Pulled By: ajkr fbshipit-source-id: 17d8561100f41c6c9ae382a80c6cddc14f050bdc	2024-04-16 16:35:17 -07:00
anand76	f6d01f0f6e	Don't swallow errors in BlockBasedTable::MultiGet (#12486 ) Summary: Errors were being swallowed in `BlockBasedTable::MultiGet` under some circumstances, such as error when parsing the internal key from the block, or IO error when reading the blob value. We need to set the status for the key to the observed error. Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/12486 Test Plan: Run db_stress and verify the expected error failure before, and no failures after the change. Reviewed By: jaykorean, ajkr Differential Revision: D55483940 Pulled By: anand1976 fbshipit-source-id: 493e44db507d5db45e8d1ef2e67808d2c4046318	2024-03-29 13:07:12 -07:00
akankshamahajan	e223cd46c6	Branch cut 9.1.fb Summary: Test Plan: Reviewers: Subscribers: Tasks: Tags:	2024-03-25 08:54:51 -07:00